search term: climate change Wikipedia Page

Present-day climate change includes both global warming —the ongoing increase in global average temperature —and its wider effects on Earth's climate system . Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate . The current rise in global temperatures is driven by human activities , especially fossil fuel ( coal , oil and natural gas ) burning since the Industrial Revolution . Fossil fuel use, deforestation , and some agricultural and industrial practices release greenhouse gases . These gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight, warming the lower atmosphere. Carbon dioxide , the primary gas driving global warming, has increased in concentration by about 50% since the pre-industrial era to levels not seen for millions of years.

search term: climate crisis Wikipedia Page

Climate crisis is a term that is used to describe global warming and climate change and their effects . This term and the term climate emergency have been used to emphasize the threat of global warming to Earth 's natural environment and to humans, and to urge aggressive climate change mitigation and transformational adaptation .

search term: Plato Wikipedia Page

Plato ( / ˈ p l eɪ t oʊ / PLAY -toe ; Greek : Πλάτων , Plátōn ; born c. 428–423 BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms. He influenced all the major areas of theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy , and was the founder of the Platonic Academy , a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the doctrines that would later become known as Platonism .

search term: capitalism Wikipedia Page

Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their use for the purpose of obtaining profit . This socioeconomic system has developed historically through several stages and is defined by a number of basic constituent elements: private property , profit motive , capital accumulation , competitive markets , commodification , wage labor , and an emphasis on innovation and economic growth . Capitalist economies may experience business cycles of economic growth followed by recessions .

search term: India Wikipedia Page

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area ; the most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean , India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Myanmar, Thailand , and Indonesia .

search term: democracy Wikipedia Page

Democracy (from Ancient Greek : δημοκρατία , romanized : dēmokratía , from dēmos 'people' and krátos 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive elections while more expansive or maximalist definitions link democracy to guarantees of civil liberties and human rights in addition to competitive elections.

search term: Academy Wikipedia Page

An academy ( Attic Greek : Ἀκαδήμεια ; Koine Greek : Ἀκαδημία ) is an institution of tertiary education . The name traces back to Plato 's school of philosophy, founded c. 386 BC at Akademia , a sanctuary of Athena , the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens , Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines academy as scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature.

search term: media Wikipedia Page

search term: Rousseau Wikipedia Page

Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( UK : / ˈ r uː s oʊ / , US : / r uː ˈ s oʊ / ; French: [ʒɑ̃ʒak ʁuso] ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, philosophe , writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational thought.

search term: history Wikipedia Page

History is the systematic study of the past , focusing primarily on the human past . As an academic discipline , it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science , while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth , or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term history refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past.

search term: Anthropocene Wikipedia Page

Anthropocene is a term that has been used to refer to the period of time during which humanity has become a planetary force of change . It appears in scientific and social discourse, especially with respect to accelerating geophysical and biochemical changes that characterize the 20th and 21st centuries on Earth. Originally a proposal for a new geological epoch following the Holocene , it was rejected as such in 2024 by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

search term: Socrates Wikipedia Page

Socrates ( / ˈ s ɒ k r ə t iː z / ; Ancient Greek : Σωκράτης , romanized : Sōkrátēs ; c. 470 – 399 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no texts and is known mainly through the posthumous accounts of classical writers , particularly his students Plato and Xenophon . These accounts are written as dialogues , in which Socrates and his interlocutors examine a subject in the style of question and answer; they gave rise to the Socratic dialogue literary genre. Contradictory accounts of Socrates make a reconstruction of his philosophy nearly impossible, a situation known as the Socratic problem . Socrates was a polarizing figure in Athenian society. In 399 BC, he was accused of impiety and corrupting the youth. After a trial that lasted a day, he was sentenced to death . He spent his last day in prison, refusing offers to help him escape.

search term: planetary boundaries Wikipedia Page

Planetary boundaries are a framework to describe limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system . Beyond these limits, the environment may not be able to continue to self-regulate. This would mean the Earth system would leave the period of stability of the Holocene , in which human society developed.

search term: UK Wikipedia Page

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a country in Northwestern Europe , off the coast of the continental mainland . It comprises England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , with a population of over 69 million in 2024. The UK includes the island of Great Britain , the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland , and most of the smaller islands within the British Isles , covering 94,354 square miles (244,376 km ). It shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , the North Sea , the English Channel , the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea , while maintaining sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories . The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London ; Edinburgh , Cardiff and Belfast are the national capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

search term: carbon budget Wikipedia Page

A carbon budget is a concept used in politics of climate change to help set greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets in a fair and effective way. It examines the "maximum amount of cumulative net global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions that would result in limiting global warming to a given level". It can be expressed relative to the pre-industrial period (the year 1750). In this case, it is the total carbon budget. Or it can be expressed from a recent specified date onwards. In that case it is the remaining carbon budget .

search term: greenhouse gases Wikipedia Page

Greenhouse gases ( GHGs ) are the gases in an atmosphere that trap heat, raising the surface temperature of astronomical bodies such as Earth. Unlike other gases, greenhouse gases absorb the radiations that a planet emits , resulting in the greenhouse effect . The Earth is warmed by sunlight, causing its surface to radiate heat , which is then mostly absorbed by greenhouse gases. Without greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about −18 °C (0 °F), rather than the present average of 15 °C (59 °F). Human-induced warming has been increasing at a rate that is unprecedented in the instrumental record, reaching 0.27 [0.2–0.4] °C per decade over 2015–2024. This high rate of warming is caused by a combination of greenhouse gas emissions being at an all-time high of 53.6±5.2 Gt CO2e yr−1 over the last decade (2014–2023), as well as reductions in the strength of aerosol cooling.

Greenhouse gases trap some of the heat that results when sunlight heats the Earth's surface. Three important greenhouse gases are shown symbolically in this image: carbon dioxide , water vapor , and methane .

search term: tipping points Wikipedia Page

Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an American 3D CGI animated television series created by Lucasfilm Animation , Lucasfilm Animation Singapore , and CGCG Inc. The debut film was released in theaters on August 15, 2008; it served as the introduction of the series. The series made its debut on the American Cartoon Network on October 3, 2008. It is set in the fictional Star Wars galaxy during the three-year interim between Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (the same time period as the previous 2003 Clone Wars series). Each episode has a running time of 22 minutes, filling a half-hour time slot.

search term: Piraeus Wikipedia Page

Piraeus ( / p aɪ ˈ r iː ə s , p ɪ ˈ r eɪ ə s / py- REE -əs, pirr- AY -əs ; Greek : Πειραιάς Peiraiás [pireˈas] ; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa : Πειραιεύς Peiraieús , Ancient: [peːrai̯eús] , Katharevousa: [pireˈefs] ) is a port city within the Athens urban area ("Greater Athens"), in the Attica region of Greece . It is located eight kilometres (5 mi) southwest of Athens city centre along the east coast of the Saronic Gulf in the Athens Riviera .

search term: UN Wikipedia Page

The United Nations ( UN ) is a global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the articulated mission of maintaining international peace and security , to develop friendly relations among states , to promote international cooperation, and to serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of states in achieving those goals.

search term: UNFCCC Wikipedia Page

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) is the UN process for negotiating an agreement to limit dangerous climate change. It is an international treaty among countries to combat "dangerous human interference with the climate system ". The main way to do this is limiting the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere . It was signed in 1992 by 154 states at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit , held in Rio de Janeiro . The treaty entered into force on 21 March 1994. "UNFCCC" is also the name of the Secretariat charged with supporting the operation of the convention, with offices on the UN Campus in Bonn , Germany.

search term: innovation Wikipedia Page

Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a new or changed entity, realizing or redistributing value ". Others have different definitions; a common element in the definitions is a focus on newness, improvement, and spread of ideas or technologies.

search term: sustainability Wikipedia Page

Sustainability (from the latin sustinere - hold up, hold upright; furnish with means of support; bear, undergo, endure) is the ability to continue over a long period of time. In modern usage it generally refers to a state in which the environment, economy, and society will continue to exist over a long period of time. Many definitions emphasize the environmental dimension. This can include addressing key environmental problems , such as climate change and biodiversity loss . The idea of sustainability can guide decisions at the global, national, organizational, and individual levels. A related concept is that of sustainable development , and the terms are often used to mean the same thing. UNESCO distinguishes the two like this: " Sustainability is often thought of as a long-term goal (i.e. a more sustainable world), while sustainable development refers to the many processes and pathways to achieve it."

search term: BBC Wikipedia Page

The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a British public-service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. Originally established in 1922 as the British Broadcasting Company , it evolved into its current state with its current name on New Year's Day 1927. The oldest and largest local and global broadcaster by stature and by number of employees, the BBC employs over 21,000 staff in total, of whom approximately 17,200 are in public-sector broadcasting.

search term: USA Wikipedia Page

The United States of America ( USA ), also known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a country primarily located in North America . It is a federal republic of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean . The United States also asserts sovereignty over five major island territories and various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean . It is a megadiverse country , with the world's third-largest land area and third-largest population , exceeding 340 million.

search term: human history Wikipedia Page

Human history or world history is the record of humankind from prehistory to the present . Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers . They migrated out of Africa during the Last Ice Age and had spread across Earth's continental land except Antarctica by the end of the Ice Age 12,000 years ago. Soon afterward, the Neolithic Revolution in West Asia brought the first systematic husbandry of plants and animals, and saw many humans transition from a nomadic life to a sedentary existence as farmers in permanent settlements . The growing complexity of human societies necessitated systems of accounting and writing .

search term: Civil Rights Movement Wikipedia Page

The civil rights movement was a social movement in the United States from 1954 to 1968 which aimed to abolish legalized racial segregation , discrimination , and disenfranchisement in the country, which most commonly affected African Americans . The movement had origins in the Reconstruction era in the late 19th century, and modern roots in the 1940s. After years of nonviolent protests and civil disobedience campaigns, the civil rights movement achieved many of its legislative goals in the 1960s, during which it secured new protections in federal law for the civil rights of all Americans, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 .

search term: recycling Wikipedia Page

Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. This concept often includes the recovery of energy from waste materials . The recyclability of a material depends on its ability to reacquire the properties it had in its original state. It is an alternative to "conventional" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions . It can also prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reducing energy use, air pollution (from incineration ) and water pollution (from landfilling ).

The three chasing arrows of the universal recycling symbol

search term: human civilisation Wikipedia Page

A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English ) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state , social stratification , urbanization , and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems ).

Ancient Egypt is an example of one of the first civilizations, building pyramids starting in the 3rd millennium BCE.

search term: Tennis Court Oath Wikipedia Page

The Tennis Court Oath ( French : Serment du Jeu de Paume , pronounced [sɛʁmɑ̃ dy ʒø də pom] ) was taken on 20 June 1789 by the members of the French Third Estate in a real tennis court on the initiative of Jean Joseph Mounier . Their vow "not to separate and to reassemble wherever necessary until the constitution of the kingdom is established" became a pivotal event in the French Revolution .

search term: Pakistan Wikipedia Page

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , is a country in South Asia . It is the fifth-most populous country , with a population of over 241.5 million, having the second-largest Muslim population as of 2023. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial centre . Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country by area . Bounded by the Arabian Sea on the south, the Gulf of Oman on the southwest, and the Sir Creek on the southeast, it shares land borders with India to the east; Afghanistan to the west; Iran to the southwest; and China to the northeast. It shares a maritime border with Oman in the Gulf of Oman, and is separated from Tajikistan in the northwest by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor .

search term: greenhouse gas emissions Wikipedia Page

Greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions from human activities intensify the greenhouse effect . This contributes to climate change . Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), from burning fossil fuels such as coal , oil , and natural gas , is the main cause of climate change. The largest annual emissions are from China followed by the United States. The United States has higher emissions per capita . The main producers fueling the emissions globally are large oil and gas companies . Emissions from human activities have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 50% over pre-industrial levels. The growing levels of emissions have varied, but have been consistent among all greenhouse gases . Emissions in the 2010s averaged 56 billion tons a year, higher than any decade before. Total cumulative emissions from 1870 to 2022 were 703 GtC (2575 GtCO ₂ ), of which 484±20 GtC (1773±73 GtCO ₂ ) from fossil fuels and industry, and 219±60 GtC (802±220 GtCO ₂ ) from land use change . Land-use change , such as deforestation , caused about 31% of cumulative emissions over 1870–2022, coal 32%, oil 24%, and gas 10%.

search term: Germany Wikipedia Page

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Western and Central Europe . It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 82 million, making it the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany borders Denmark to the north; Poland and the Czech Republic to the east; Austria and Switzerland to the south; and France , Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt ; the largest urban area is the Ruhr .

search term: fossil fuel industry Wikipedia Page

A fossil fuel is a flammable carbon compound- or hydrocarbon -containing material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the buried remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants or microplanktons ), a process that occurs within geological formations . Reservoirs of such compound mixtures, such as coal , petroleum and natural gas , can be extracted and burnt as fuel for human consumption to provide energy for direct use (such as for cooking, heating or lighting), to power heat engines (such as steam or internal combustion engines) that can propel vehicles, or to generate electricity via steam turbine generators. Some fossil fuels are further refined into derivatives such as kerosene , gasoline and diesel , or converted into petrochemicals such as polyolefins ( plastics ), aromatics and synthetic resins .

search term: famine Wikipedia Page

A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to: war , natural disasters , crop failure , widespread poverty , an economic catastrophe or government policies . This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition , starvation , epidemic , and increased mortality . Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast and South Asia , as well as Eastern and Central Europe , suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025, Haiti and Afghanistan are the two countries with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Sudan .

search term: culture Wikipedia Page

Culture ( / ˈ k ʌ l tʃ ər / KUL -chər ) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior , institutions , and norms found in human societies , as well as the knowledge , beliefs , arts , laws , customs , capabilities, attitudes , and habits of the individuals in these groups. Culture often originates from or is attributed to a specific region or location.

search term: Philosophy Wikipedia Page

Philosophy (from Ancient Greek philosophía lit. ' love of wisdom ' ) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence , knowledge , mind , reason , language , and value . It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions.

search term: climate anxiety Wikipedia Page

Eco-anxiety (short for ecological anxiety ), also known as eco-distress or climate anxiety , is a challenging emotional response to climate change and other environmental issues. Extensive studies have been done on ecological anxiety since 2007, and various definitions remain in use. The condition is not a medical diagnosis and is regarded as a rational response to the reality of climate change; however, severe instances can have a mental health impact if left without alleviation. There is also evidence that eco-anxiety is caused by the way researchers frame their research and their narratives of the evidence about climate change: if they do not consider the possibility of finding any solution to overcome climate change and for individuals to make a difference, they contribute to this feeling of powerlessness.

search term: Rosa Parks Wikipedia Page

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an American civil rights activist . She is best known for her refusal to move from her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama , in defiance of Jim Crow racial segregation laws , in 1955, which sparked the Montgomery bus boycott . She is sometimes known as the "mother of the civil rights movement".

search term: Athenians Wikipedia Page

Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece . A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica region and is the southernmost capital on the European mainland . With its urban area's population numbering over 3.6 million, it is the eighth-largest urban area in the European Union (EU). The Municipality of Athens (also City of Athens), which constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire urban area, had a population of 643,452 in 2021, within its official limits, and a land area of 38.96 km (15.04 sq mi).

search term: Geometry Wikipedia Page

Geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. Geometry is, along with arithmetic , one of the oldest branches of mathematics. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer . Until the 19th century, geometry was almost exclusively devoted to Euclidean geometry , which includes the notions of point , line , plane , distance , angle , surface , and curve , as fundamental concepts.

search term: United Nations Wikipedia Page

search term: psychology Wikipedia Page

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mind . Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts , feelings , and motives . Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences . Biological psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, linking the discipline to neuroscience . As social scientists, psychologists aim to understand the behavior of individuals and groups.

search term: biodiversity Wikipedia Page

Biodiversity is the variability of life on Earth . It can be measured on various levels, for example, genetic variability , species diversity , ecosystem diversity and phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distributed evenly on Earth —it is greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator . Tropical forest ecosystems cover less than one-fifth of Earth's terrestrial area and contain about 50% of the world's species. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity for both marine and terrestrial taxa .

search term: Bangladesh Wikipedia Page

Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh , is a country in South Asia . It is the eighth-most populous country in the world and among the most densely populated with a population of over 171 million within an area of 148,460 square kilometres (57,320 sq mi). Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the north, west, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast. It has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal to its south and is separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor , and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim to its north. Dhaka , the capital and largest city , is the nation's political, financial, and cultural centre. Chittagong is the second-largest city and the busiest port of the country.

search term: East India Company Wikipedia Page

The East India Company ( EIC ) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region , initially with the East Indies (which included the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia ), and later with East Asia . The company gained control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent and Hong Kong . At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world by various measures and had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three presidency armies , totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British Army at certain times.

James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601

search term: schools Wikipedia Page

A school is the educational institution (and, in the case of in-person learning, the building ) designed to provide learning environments for the teaching of students , usually under the direction of teachers . Most countries have systems of formal education , which is sometimes compulsory . In these systems, students progress through a series of schools that can be built and operated by both government and private organization. The names for these schools vary by country (discussed in the Regional terms section below) but generally include primary school for young children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education . An institution where higher education is taught is commonly called a university college or university .

search term: Kafka Wikipedia Page

Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-language Jewish Czech writer and novelist born in Prague , in the Austro-Hungarian Empire . Widely regarded as a major figure of 20th-century literature , his work fuses elements of realism and the fantastique , and typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surreal predicaments and incomprehensible socio- bureaucratic powers. The term Kafkaesque has entered the lexicon to describe situations like those depicted in his writings. His best-known works include the novella The Metamorphosis (1915) and the novels The Trial (1924) and The Castle (1926). His work has widely influenced artists, philosophers, composers, filmmakers, literary historians, religious scholars, and cultural theorists.

search term: plastic waste Wikipedia Page

Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles (e.g. plastic bottles, bags and microbeads ) in the Earth's environment that adversely affects humans, wildlife and their habitat. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized by size into micro-, meso-, or macro debris. Plastics are inexpensive and durable, making them very adaptable for different uses; as a result, manufacturers choose to use plastic over other materials. However, the chemical structure of most plastics renders them resistant to many natural processes of degradation and as a result they are slow to degrade. Together, these two factors allow large volumes of plastic to enter the environment as mismanaged waste which persists in the ecosystem and travels throughout food webs .

The pathway by which plastics enters the world's oceans

search term: resilience Wikipedia Page

Resilience , resilient , or resiliency may refer to:

search term: global warming Wikipedia Page

search term: Physics Wikipedia Page

Physics is the scientific study of matter , its fundamental constituents , its motion and behavior through space and time , and the related entities of energy and force . It is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines. A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called a physicist .

search term: France Wikipedia Page

France , officially the French Republic , is a country primarily located in Western Europe . Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies , and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean , giving it the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zone in the world . Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea . Its 18 integral regions —five of which are overseas—span a combined area of 632,702 km (244,288 sq mi) and have an estimated total population of over 68.6 million as of January 2025 . France is a semi-presidential republic . Its capital, largest city and main cultural and economic centre is Paris .

search term: Robespierre Wikipedia Page

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre ( / ˈ r oʊ b z p j ɛər / ; French: [maksimiljɛ̃ ʁɔbɛspjɛʁ] ; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman, widely recognised as one of the most influential figures of the French Revolution . Robespierre fervently campaigned for the voting rights of all men and their unimpeded admission to the National Guard . Additionally, he advocated the right to petition , the right to bear arms in self-defence, and the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade .

search term: democracies Wikipedia Page

search term: Industrial Revolution Wikipedia Page

The Industrial Revolution , sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution , was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution . Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines ; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power ; the development of machine tools ; and rise of the mechanised factory system . Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth . The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods, and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.

search term: vital statistics Wikipedia Page

Vital statistics may refer to:

search term: freedom Wikipedia Page

Freedom is the power or right to speak, act, and change as one wants without hindrance or restraint. Freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense of "giving oneself one's own laws".

search term: Wikipedia Wikipedia Page

Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers , known as Wikipedians , through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki . Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger in 2001, Wikipedia has been hosted since 2003 by the Wikimedia Foundation , an American nonprofit organization funded mainly by donations from readers. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history.

search term: climate system Wikipedia Page

Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things). Climate is the statistical characterization of the climate system. It represents the average weather , typically over a period of 30 years, and is determined by a combination of processes, such as ocean currents and wind patterns. Circulation in the atmosphere and oceans transports heat from the tropical regions to regions that receive less energy from the Sun. Solar radiation is the main driving force for this circulation. The water cycle also moves energy throughout the climate system. In addition, certain chemical elements are constantly moving between the components of the climate system. Two examples for these biochemical cycles are the carbon and nitrogen cycles .

The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere , the hydrosphere , the cryosphere , the lithosphere and the biosphere .

search term: China Wikipedia Page

China , officially the People's Republic of China ( PRC ), is a country in East Asia . With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the second-most populous country after India , representing 17% of the world population. China borders fourteen countries by land across an area of 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), making it the third-largest country by area . The country is divided into 33 province-level divisions : 22 provinces , 5 autonomous regions , 4 municipalities , and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions . Beijing is the capital, while Shanghai is the most populous city by urban area and largest financial center .

search term: Mahler Wikipedia Page

Gustav Mahler ( German: [ˈɡʊstaf ˈmaːlɐ] ; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century. While in his lifetime his status as a conductor was established beyond question, his own music gained wide popularity only after periods of relative neglect, which included a ban on its performance in much of Europe during the Nazi era . After 1945 his compositions were rediscovered by a new generation of listeners; Mahler then became one of the most frequently performed and recorded of all composers, a position he has sustained into the 21st century.

search term: guilt Wikipedia Page

Guilt often refers to:

search term: Cephalus Wikipedia Page

Cephalus or Kephalos ( / ˈ s ɛ f əl ə s / ; Ancient Greek : Κέφαλος ) is the son of Hermes, husband of Eos and a hero-figure in Greek mythology . Cephalus carried as a theophoric name by historical persons. The root of this name is κεφαλ , meaning "head".

search term: Spaceship Earth Wikipedia Page

Spaceship Earth (or Spacecraft Earth or Spaceship Planet Earth ) is a worldview encouraging everyone on Earth to act as a harmonious crew working toward the greater good.

*Earthrise* , 1968 photo taken by astronaut Bill Anders from the Apollo 8 command module

search term: Galileo Wikipedia Page

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei ( / ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l eɪ oʊ ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l eɪ / GAL -il- AY -oh GAL -il- AY , US also / ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l iː oʊ -/ GAL -il- EE -oh -⁠ , Italian: [ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi] ) or mononymously as Galileo , was an Italian astronomer , physicist , and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath . He was born in the city of Pisa , then part of the Duchy of Florence . Galileo has been called the father of observational astronomy , modern-era classical physics , the scientific method , and modern science .

search term: Holocene Wikipedia Page

The Holocene ( / ˈ h ɒ l . ə s iː n , - oʊ -, ˈ h oʊ . l ə -, - l oʊ -/ ) is the current geological epoch , beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period , which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat . The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Quaternary period. The Holocene is an interglacial period within the ongoing glacial cycles of the Quaternary, and is equivalent to Marine Isotope Stage 1 . The name "Holocene" comes from Ancient Greek ὅλος ( hólos ), meaning "whole", and καινός ( kainós ), meaning "new, recent", referring that this epoch is "entirely new".

search term: climate science Wikipedia Page

Climatology (from Greek κλίμα , klima , "slope"; and -λογία , -logia ) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate , typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. Climate concerns the atmospheric condition during an extended to indefinite period of time; weather is the condition of the atmosphere during a relative brief period of time. The main topics of research are the study of climate variability , mechanisms of climate changes and modern climate change . This topic of study is regarded as part of the atmospheric sciences and a subdivision of physical geography , which is one of the Earth sciences . Climatology includes some aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry .

search term: biodiversity loss Wikipedia Page

Biodiversity loss happens when plant or animal species disappear completely from Earth ( extinction ) or when there is a decrease or disappearance of species in a specific area. Biodiversity loss means that there is a reduction in biological diversity in a given area. The decrease can be temporary or permanent. It is temporary if the damage that led to the loss is reversible in time, for example through ecological restoration . If this is not possible, then the decrease is permanent. The cause of most of the biodiversity loss is, generally speaking, human activities that push the planetary boundaries too far. These activities include habitat destruction (for example deforestation ) and land use intensification (for example monoculture farming). Further problem areas are air and water pollution (including nutrient pollution ), over-exploitation , invasive species and climate change .

search term: human life Wikipedia Page

Human life may refer to:

search term: humanity Wikipedia Page

Humanity most commonly refers to:

search term: Paris Agreement Wikipedia Page

The Paris Agreement (also called the Paris Accords or Paris Climate Accords ) is an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers climate change mitigation , adaptation , and finance . The Paris Agreement was negotiated by 196 parties at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference near Paris , France. As of February 2023, 195 members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement. Of the three UNFCCC member states which have not ratified the agreement, the only major emitter is Iran . The United States, the second largest emitter, withdrew from the agreement in 2020, rejoined in 2021, and announced its withdrawal again in 2025 .

search term: fossil fuels Wikipedia Page

search term: America Wikipedia Page

search term: EU Wikipedia Page

in Europe (dark grey)

search term: economic growth Wikipedia Page

In economics , economic growth is an increase in the quantity and quality of the economic goods and services that a society produces . It can be measured as the increase in the inflation-adjusted output of an economy in a given year or over a period of time.

search term: systemic change Wikipedia Page

A structural fix refers to solving a problem or resolving a conflict by bringing about structural changes that change the underlying structures that provoked or sustain these problems. According to Thomas Heberlein such changes modify human behavior by regulating the social settings or the 'structures' in which the behavior occurs − their context. Such fixes are typically long-term opposed to temporary and require open and in-depth inquiry for the root structural causes of a problem and understanding of a system . Effectively changing norms would be an example of a structural fix. Often structural fixes involve a change of incentives .

search term: Emmett Till Wikipedia Page

Emmett Louis Till (July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955) was an African American youth, who was 14 years old when he was abducted and lynched in Mississippi in 1955 after being accused of offending a white woman, Carolyn Bryant, in her family's grocery store. The brutality of his murder and the acquittal of his killers drew attention to the long history of violent persecution of African Americans in the United States. Till posthumously became an icon of the civil rights movement .

search term: anxiety Wikipedia Page

Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events. Anxiety is different from fear in that fear is defined as the emotional response to a present threat , whereas anxiety is the anticipation of a future one. It is often accompanied by nervous behavior such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints , and rumination .

search term: beliefs Wikipedia Page

A belief is a subjective attitude that something is true or a state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some stance , take, or opinion about something. In epistemology , philosophers use the term belief to refer to attitudes about the world which can be either true or false . To believe something is to take it to be true; for instance, to believe that snow is white is comparable to accepting the truth of the proposition "snow is white". However, holding a belief does not require active introspection . For example, few individuals carefully consider whether or not the sun will rise tomorrow, simply assuming that it will. Moreover, beliefs need not be occurrent (e.g., a person actively thinking "snow is white"), but can instead be dispositional (e.g., a person who if asked about the color of snow would assert "snow is white").

search term: natural world Wikipedia Page

Natural world may refer to the following:

search term: human population Wikipedia Page

In world demographics , the world population is the total number of humans currently alive. It was estimated by the United Nations to have exceeded eight billion in mid-November 2022. It took around 300,000 years of human prehistory and history for the human population to reach a billion and only 218 more years to reach 8 billion.

search term: human development Wikipedia Page

Human development may refer to:

search term: nuclear power Wikipedia Page

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity . Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission , nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants . Nuclear decay processes are used in niche applications such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators in some space probes such as Voyager 2 . Reactors producing controlled fusion power have been operated since 1958 but have yet to generate net power and are not expected to be commercially available in the near future.

search term: agriculture Wikipedia Page

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the soil, planting, raising, and harvesting both food and non-food crops, as well as livestock production. Broader definitions also include forestry and aquaculture . Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization , whereby farming of domesticated plants and animals created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the 20th century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.

Modern agriculture: a center pivot irrigation system on a field

search term: solar panels Wikipedia Page

A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using multiple solar modules that consist of photovoltaic (PV) cells. PV cells are made of materials that produce excited electrons when exposed to light. These electrons flow through a circuit and produce direct current electricity, which can be used to power various devices or be stored in batteries . Solar panels can be known as solar cell panels , or solar electric panels . Solar panels are usually arranged in groups called arrays or systems. A photovoltaic system consists of one or more solar panels, an inverter that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity, and sometimes other components such as controllers , meters, and trackers . Most panels are in solar farms or rooftop solar panels which supply the electricity grid.

search term: plastics Wikipedia Page

Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic materials composed primarily of polymers . Their defining characteristic, plasticity , allows them to be molded , extruded , or pressed into a diverse range of solid forms. This adaptability, combined with a wide range of other properties such as low weight, durability, flexibility, chemical resistance, low toxicity, and low-cost production, has led to their widespread use around the world. While most plastics are produced from natural gas and petroleum , a growing minority are produced from renewable resources like polylactic acid .

search term: cornflakes Wikipedia Page

Corn flakes , or cornflakes , are a breakfast cereal made from toasting flakes of corn (maize). Originally invented as a breakfast food to counter indigestion , it has become a popular food item in the American diet and in the United Kingdom where over 6 million households consume them.

search term: democratic rule Wikipedia Page

search term: human condition Wikipedia Page

The human condition can be defined as the characteristics and key events of human life, including birth , learning , emotion , aspiration, reason , morality , conflict, and death . This is a very broad topic that has been and continues to be pondered and analyzed from many perspectives, including those of art , biology , literature , philosophy , psychology , and religion .

This painting, with symbols of life, death, and time, is an example of *memento mori* art.

search term: GDP Wikipedia Page

Gross domestic product ( GDP ) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic activity of a country or region. The major components of GDP are consumption, government spending, net exports (exports minus imports), and investment. Changing any of these factors can increase the size of the economy. For example, population growth through mass immigration can raise consumption and demand for public services, thereby contributing to GDP growth. However, GDP is not a measure of overall standard of living or well-being, as it does not account for how income is distributed among the population. A country may rank high in GDP but still experience jobless growth depending on its planned economic structure and strategies. Dividing total GDP by the population gives an idealized rough measure of GDP per capita . Several national and international economic organizations, such as the OECD and the International Monetary Fund , maintain their own definitions of GDP.

search term: Mass Extinction Events Wikipedia Page

An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis ) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth . Such an event is identified by a sharp fall in the diversity and abundance of multicellular organisms . It occurs when the rate of extinction increases with respect to the background extinction rate and the rate of speciation .

search term: human civilization Wikipedia Page

search term: Sweden Wikipedia Page

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green) – [ Legend ]

search term: Geography Wikipedia Page

Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία geōgraphía ; combining gê 'Earth' and gráphō 'write', literally 'Earth writing') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth . Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities —not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science . Geography has been called "a bridge between natural science and social science disciplines."

search term: Keeling Curve Wikipedia Page

The Keeling Curve is a graph of the annual variation and overall accumulation of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere based on continuous measurements taken at the Mauna Loa Observatory on the island of Hawaii from 1958 to the present day. The curve is named for the scientist Charles David Keeling , who started the monitoring program and supervised it until his death in 2005.

search term: homo sapiens Wikipedia Page

Humans , scientifically known as Homo sapiens , are primates that belong to the biological family of great apes and are characterized by hairlessness , bipedality , and high intelligence . Humans have large brains compared to body size , enabling more advanced cognitive skills that facilitate successful adaptation to varied environments, development of sophisticated tools , and formation of complex social structures and civilizations .

search term: biosphere Wikipedia Page

The biosphere (from Ancient Greek βίος ( bíos ) ' life ' and σφαῖρα ( sphaîra ) ' sphere ' ), also called the ecosphere (from Ancient Greek οἶκος ( oîkos ) ' settlement, house ' and σφαῖρα ( sphaîra ) ' sphere ' ), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems . It can also be termed the zone of life on the Earth . The biosphere (which is technically a spherical shell ) is virtually a closed system with regard to matter , with minimal inputs and outputs. Regarding energy , it is an open system, with photosynthesis capturing solar energy at a rate of around 100 terawatts . By the most general biophysiological definition, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere , cryosphere , hydrosphere , and atmosphere . The biosphere is postulated to have evolved , beginning with a process of biopoiesis (life created naturally from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds) or biogenesis (life created from living matter), at least some 3.5 billion years ago.

search term: population Wikipedia Page

In biology , a population of organisms is a group of individuals of the same species , defined by a discontinuity or disjunction from other groups of individuals in certain characteristics, such as living area, genetic attributes, demographic structure. Among biologists, the term definition varies, in some cases significantly, and sometimes those variations can be confusing. There are also plenty of other terms to describe groups of individuals if no clear disjunction is present. Commonly, a population can be described by what individuals constitute the population, its size, a geographical area it occupies, and the time within which the population is examined. In qualitative terms, it is usually defined like "a group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time".

search term: civilization Wikipedia Page

search term: resource extraction Wikipedia Page

Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest, and cultural value. On Earth , it includes sunlight , atmosphere , water , land , all minerals along with all vegetation , and wildlife .

search term: Enlightenment Wikipedia Page

Enlightenment or enlighten may refer to:

search term: politics Wikipedia Page

Politics (from Ancient Greek πολιτικά ( politiká ) ' affairs of the cities ' ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups , or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of status or resources . The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science .

search term: Thermodynamics Wikipedia Page

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat , work , and temperature , and their relation to energy , entropy , and the physical properties of matter and radiation . The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics , which convey a quantitative description using measurable macroscopic physical quantities but may be explained in terms of microscopic constituents by statistical mechanics . Thermodynamics applies to various topics in science and engineering , especially physical chemistry , biochemistry , chemical engineering , and mechanical engineering , as well as other complex fields such as meteorology .

search term: population growth Wikipedia Page

Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.2 billion in 2025. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 70 million annually, or 0.85% per year. As of 2024, The United Nations projects that global population will peak in the mid-2080s at around 10.3 billion. The UN's estimates have decreased strongly in recent years due to sharp declines in global birth rates. Others have challenged many recent population projections as having underestimated population growth.

search term: existential crisis Wikipedia Page

Existential crises are inner conflicts characterized by the impression that life lacks meaning and by confusion about one's personal identity . They are accompanied by anxiety and stress , often to such a degree that they disturb one's normal functioning in everyday life and lead to depression . Their negative attitude towards meaning reflects characteristics of the philosophical movement of existentialism . The components of existential crises can be divided into emotional , cognitive , and behavioral aspects. Emotional components refer to the feelings, such as emotional pain, despair, helplessness, guilt, anxiety, or loneliness. Cognitive components encompass the problem of meaninglessness , the loss of personal values or spiritual faith , and thinking about death . Behavioral components include addictions , and anti-social and compulsive behavior .

search term: UNEP Wikipedia Page

The United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations System . It was established by Maurice Strong , its first director, after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in June 1972. Its mandate is to provide leadership, deliver science and develop solutions on a wide range of issues, including climate change, the management of marine and terrestrial ecosystems , and green economic development. The organization also develops international environmental agreements ; publishes and promotes environmental science and helps national governments achieve environmental targets.

search term: circular economy Wikipedia Page

A circular economy (CE), also referred to as circularity , is a model of resource production and consumption in any economy that involves sharing , leasing, reusing , repairing, refurbishing, and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible. The concept aims to tackle global challenges such as climate change , biodiversity loss , waste , and pollution by emphasizing the design-based implementation of the three base principles of the model. The main three principles required for the transformation to a circular economy are: designing out waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems. Circular economy is defined in contradistinction to the traditional linear economy.

search term: carbon capture Wikipedia Page

Carbon capture may refer to:

search term: World Meteorological Organization Wikipedia Page

The World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science , climatology , hydrology and geophysics .

search term: Martin Luther King Wikipedia Page

Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr. ; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister, civil rights activist and political philosopher who was a leader of the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. He advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through the use of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws and other forms of legalized discrimination , which most commonly affected African Americans .

search term: justice Wikipedia Page

In its broadest sense, justice is the idea that individuals should be treated fairly . According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian , a 6th-century codification of Roman law , where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".

search term: French Revolution Wikipedia Page

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the Coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799. Many of the revolution's ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy , and its values remain central to modern French political discourse. It was caused by a combination of social, political, and economic factors which the existing regime proved unable to manage.

search term: inequality Wikipedia Page

Inequality may refer to:

search term: Social Contract Wikipedia Page

In moral and political philosophy , the social contract is an idea, theory, or model that usually, although not always, concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual . Conceptualized in the Age of Enlightenment , it is a core concept of constitutionalism , while not necessarily convened and written down in a constituent assembly and constitution .

search term: teachers Wikipedia Page

A teacher , also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator , is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge , competence, or virtue , via the practice of teaching .

search term: Economics Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

Three-sector circular flow of income diagram

search term: social media Wikipedia Page

Social media are new media technologies that facilitate the creation , sharing and aggregation of content (such as ideas, interests, and other forms of expression) amongst virtual communities and networks . Common features include:

search term: Australia Wikipedia Page

Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It has a total area of 7,688,287 km (2,968,464 sq mi), making it the sixth-largest country in the world and the largest in Oceania . Australia is the world's flattest and driest inhabited continent. It is a megadiverse country , and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates including deserts in the interior and tropical rainforests along the coast .

search term: Switzerland Wikipedia Page

in Europe (green and dark grey)

search term: economy Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: United Kingdom Wikipedia Page

search term: racism Wikipedia Page

Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race or ethnicity over another. It may also mean prejudice , discrimination , or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different ethnic background. Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions , practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. There have been attempts to legitimize racist beliefs through scientific means, such as scientific racism , which have been overwhelmingly shown to be unfounded. In terms of political systems (e.g. apartheid ) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices or laws, racist ideology may include associated social aspects such as nativism , xenophobia , otherness , segregation , hierarchical ranking , and supremacism .

search term: colonialism Wikipedia Page

Colonialism is the practice of extending and maintaining political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a territory and its people by another people in pursuit of interests defined in an often distant metropole , who also claim superiority. While frequently an imperialist project, colonialism functions through differentiating between the targeted land and people, and that of the colonizers (a critical component of colonization ). Rather than annexation , this typically culminates in organizing the colonized into colonies separate to the colonizers' metropole. Colonialism sometimes deepens by developing settler colonialism , whereby settlers from one or multiple colonizing metropoles occupy a territory with the intention of partially or completely supplanting the existing indigenous peoples , possibly amounting to genocide .

search term: extreme weather events Wikipedia Page

Extreme weather includes unexpected, unusual, severe , or unseasonal weather ; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution—the range that has been seen in the past. Extreme events are based on a location's recorded weather history. The main types of extreme weather include heat waves , cold waves , droughts , and heavy precipitation or storm events, such as tropical cyclones . Extreme weather can have various effects, from natural hazards such as floods and landslides to social costs on human health and the economy. Severe weather is a particular type of extreme weather which poses risks to life and property.

search term: COP26 Wikipedia Page

The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference , more commonly referred to as COP26 , was the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference , held at the SEC Centre in Glasgow , Scotland , United Kingdom , from 31 October to 13 November 2021. The president of the conference was UK cabinet minister Alok Sharma . Delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic , it was the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the third meeting of the parties to the 2015 Paris Agreement (designated CMA1 , CMA2 , CMA3 ), and the 16th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol ( CMP16 ).

search term: complex systems Wikipedia Page

Collective intelligence
Collective action
Self-organized criticality
Herd mentality
Phase transition
Agent-based modelling
Synchronization
Ant colony optimization
Particle swarm optimization
Swarm behaviour

search term: Biology Wikipedia Page

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms . It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, origin , evolution , and distribution of life. Central to biology are five fundamental themes: the cell as the basic unit of life, genes and heredity as the basis of inheritance, evolution as the driver of biological diversity , energy transformation for sustaining life processes, and the maintenance of internal stability ( homeostasis ).

search term: ozone layer Wikipedia Page

The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth 's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun 's ultraviolet radiation. It contains a high concentration of ozone (O ₃ ) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. The ozone layer peaks at 8 to 15 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 15 to 35 kilometers (9 to 22 mi) above Earth, although its thickness varies seasonally and geographically.

search term: DNA Wikipedia Page

Deoxyribonucleic acid ( pronunciation ; DNA ) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix . The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses . DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids . Alongside proteins , lipids and complex carbohydrates ( polysaccharides ), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life .

search term: tipping point Wikipedia Page

Tipping point or TippingPoint or The Tipping Point may refer to:

search term: paradigm Wikipedia Page

In science and philosophy , a paradigm ( / ˈ p ær ə d aɪ m / PARR -ə-dyme ) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods , postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.

search term: science Wikipedia Page

Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into two – or three – major branches: the natural sciences , which study the physical world , and the social sciences , which study individuals and societies. While referred to as the formal sciences , the study of logic , mathematics , and theoretical computer science are typically regarded as separate because they rely on deductive reasoning instead of the scientific method as their main methodology. Meanwhile, applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine.

search term: Overton Window Wikipedia Page

The Overton window is the range of subjects and arguments politically acceptable to the mainstream population at a given time. It is also known as the window of discourse . The key to the concept is that the window changes over time; it can shift, or shrink or expand. It exemplifies "the slow evolution of societal values and norms".

search term: IMF Wikipedia Page

The International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) is an international financial institution and a specialized agency of the United Nations , headquartered in Washington, D.C. It consists of 191 member countries, and its stated mission is "working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade , promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." The IMF acts as a lender of last resort to its members experiencing actual or potential balance of payments crises.

search term: human psychology Wikipedia Page

search term: literature Wikipedia Page

Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels , plays , and poems . It includes both print and digital writing . In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature , much of which has been transcribed. Literature is a method of recording, preserving, and transmitting knowledge and entertainment . It can also have a social, psychological, spiritual, or political role.

search term: irony Wikipedia Page

Irony is a juxtaposition of what, on the surface, appears to be the case with what is actually or expected to be the case. Originally a rhetorical device and literary technique , irony has also come to assume a metaphysical significance with implications for one's attitude towards life.

search term: prisoners Wikipedia Page

A prisoner , also known as an inmate or detainee , is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will. This can be by confinement or captivity in a prison or physical restraint . The term usually applies to one serving a sentence in prison.

Gustave Doré 's image of the exercise yard at Newgate Prison (1872)

search term: Adaptive Cycle Wikipedia Page

A social-ecological system consists of 'a bio-geo-physical' unit and its associated social actors and institutions. Social-ecological systems are complex and adaptive and delimited by spatial or functional boundaries surrounding particular ecosystems and their context problems.

search term: Metaphysics Wikipedia Page

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality . It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the conceptual framework of human understanding. Some philosophers, including Aristotle , designate metaphysics as first philosophy to suggest that it is more fundamental than other forms of philosophical inquiry.

search term: bees Wikipedia Page

Apiformes (from Latin 'apis' )

search term: natural disasters Wikipedia Page

A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community brought by natural phenomenon or hazard . Some examples of natural hazards include avalanches , droughts , earthquakes , floods , heat waves , landslides - including submarine landslides , tropical cyclones , volcanic activity and wildfires . Additional natural hazards include blizzards , dust storms , firestorms , hails , ice storms , sinkholes , thunderstorms , tornadoes and tsunamis .

search term: dinosaurs Wikipedia Page

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria . They first appeared during the Triassic period , between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs , having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch , and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs —birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs , which are all dinosaurs other than birds.

montage of four birds — Birds are avian dinosaurs, and phylogenetic taxonomy includes over 11,000 extant species in the group Dinosauria.

search term: cats Wikipedia Page

The cat ( Felis catus ), also referred to as the domestic cat or house cat , is a small domesticated carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species of the family Felidae . Advances in archaeology and genetics have shown that the domestication of the cat occurred in the Near East around 7500 BC. It is commonly kept as a pet and working cat , but it also ranges freely as a feral cat , avoiding human contact. It is valued by humans for companionship and its ability to kill vermin . Its retractable claws are adapted to killing small prey species such as mice and rats . It has a strong, flexible body, quick reflexes , and sharp teeth, and its night vision and sense of smell are well developed. It is a social species , but a solitary hunter and a crepuscular predator .

search term: Antarctica Wikipedia Page

Antarctica ( / æ n ˈ t ɑːr k t ɪ k ə / ) is Earth 's southernmost and least-populated continent . Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole . Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe , and has an area of 14,200,000 km (5,500,000 sq mi). Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet , with an average thickness of 1.9 km (1.2 mi).

search term: Planet Earth Wikipedia Page

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life . This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world , the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water . Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust . The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of continental landmasses within Earth's land hemisphere . Most of Earth's land is at least somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large ice sheets at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than Earth's groundwater , lakes, rivers, and atmospheric water combined. Earth's crust consists of slowly moving tectonic plates , which interact to produce mountain ranges, volcanoes , and earthquakes. Earth has a liquid outer core that generates a magnetosphere capable of deflecting most of the destructive solar winds and cosmic radiation .

search term: astronauts Wikipedia Page

An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek ἄστρον ( astron ), meaning 'star', and ναύτης ( nautes ), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member of a spacecraft . Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and space tourists .

search term: International Resource Panel Wikipedia Page

The International Resource Panel is a scientific panel of experts that aims to help nations use natural resources sustainably without compromising economic growth and human needs. It provides independent scientific assessments and expert advice on a variety of areas, including:

search term: nationalism Wikipedia Page

Nationalism is an ideology or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state . As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation , especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining its sovereignty ( self-determination ) over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state . It holds that the nation should govern itself, free from outside interference ( self-governance ), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity , and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power . It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity , based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture , ethnicity , homeland, language , politics (or government ), religion , traditions or belief in a shared singular history , and to promote national unity or solidarity . There are various definitions of a "nation", which leads to different types of nationalism . The two main divergent forms are ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism .

search term: emissions Wikipedia Page

Emission may refer to:

search term: infrastructure Wikipedia Page

Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and private physical structures such as roads , railways , bridges , airports , public transit systems , tunnels , water supply , sewers , electrical grids , and telecommunications (including Internet connectivity and broadband access ). In general, infrastructure has been defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions " and maintain the surrounding environment.

search term: Tennis Court Wikipedia Page

A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the centre. The same surface can be used to play both doubles and singles matches. A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis court, each with its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game.

search term: symbolic order Wikipedia Page

In Lacanian psychoanalysis , the Symbolic (or Symbolic Order of the Borromean knot ) is the order in the unconscious that gives rise to subjectivity and bridges intersubjectivity between two subjects; an example is Jacques Lacan 's idea of desire as the desire of the Other , maintained by the Symbolic's subjectification of the Other into speech. In the later psychoanalytic theory of Lacan, it is linked by the sinthome to the Imaginary and the Real .

search term: nations Wikipedia Page

A nation is a type of social organization where a collective identity , a national identity , has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language , history , ethnicity , culture , territory , or society . Some nations are constructed around ethnicity (see ethnic nationalism ) while others are bound by political constitutions (see civic nationalism ).

search term: happiness Wikipedia Page

Happiness is a complex and multifaceted emotion that encompasses a range of positive feelings, from contentment to intense joy. It is often associated with positive life experiences, such as achieving goals, spending time with loved ones, or engaging in enjoyable activities. However, happiness can also arise spontaneously, without any apparent external cause.

search term: populism Wikipedia Page

Populism is a contested concept for a variety of political stances that emphasize the idea of the " common people ", often in opposition to a perceived elite. It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed in the late 19th century and has been applied to various politicians, parties, and movements since that time, often assuming a pejorative tone. Within political science and other social sciences , different definitions of populism have been employed.

search term: public space Wikipedia Page

A public space is a place that is open and accessible to the general public. Roads, pavements , public squares , parks , and beaches are typically considered public space. To a limited extent, government buildings which are open to the public, such as public libraries , are public spaces, although they tend to have restricted areas and greater limits upon use. Although not considered public space, privately owned buildings or property visible from sidewalks and public thoroughfares may affect the public visual landscape, for example, by outdoor advertising. Recently, the concept of shared space has been advanced to enhance the experience of pedestrians in public space jointly used by automobiles and other vehicles.

search term: football Wikipedia Page

Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal . Unqualified, the word football generally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly called football include association football (known as soccer in Australia, Canada, South Africa, the United States, and sometimes in Ireland and New Zealand); Australian rules football ; Gaelic football ; gridiron football (specifically American football , arena football , or Canadian football ); International rules football ; rugby league football ; and rugby union football . These various forms of football share, to varying degrees, common origins and are known as " football codes ". There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games played in many different parts of the world. Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the 19th century, itself an outgrowth of medieval football . The expansion and cultural power of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled empire. By the end of the 19th century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football , for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage. In 1888, the Football League was founded in England , becoming the first of many professional football associations. During the 20th century, several of the various kinds of football grew to become some of the most popular team sports in the world.

search term: courage Wikipedia Page

Courage (also called bravery , valour ( British and Commonwealth English ), or valor ( American English )) is the choice and willingness to confront agony , pain , danger , uncertainty , or intimidation . Valor is courage or bravery, especially in battle .

search term: Third Reich Wikipedia Page

Nazi Germany , officially the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich , was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship . The Third Reich , meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich , ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin , ending World War II in Europe .

search term: Europe Wikipedia Page

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere . It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian Sea , the Greater Caucasus , the Black Sea , and the Turkish straits .

search term: British Raj Wikipedia Page

The British Raj ( / r ɑː dʒ / RAHJ ; from Hindustani rāj , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent , lasting from 1858 to 1947. It is also called Crown rule in India , or direct rule in India . The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom , which were collectively called British India , and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British paramountcy , called the princely states . The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire , though not officially. As India , it was a founding member of the League of Nations and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945 . India was a participating state in the Summer Olympics in 1900 , 1920 , 1928 , 1932 , and 1936 .

search term: British rule Wikipedia Page

search term: Late Victorian Holocausts Wikipedia Page

Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World is a 2000 history book by Mike Davis about the connection between political economy and global climate patterns, particularly the impact of colonialism and the introduction of capitalism during the El Niño–Southern Oscillation related famines of 1876–1878, 1896–1897, and 1899–1902 across multiple continents. The book's main conclusion is that the deaths of 30–60 million people killed in famines all over the world during the later part of the 19th century were caused by the laissez-faire and Malthusian economic ideology of the colonial governments.

search term: Capitalocene Wikipedia Page

The Capitalocene is a critique of "man versus nature" thinking in climate politics. Frequently misunderstood as an alternative geological periodization to the Anthropocene proposal, the Capitalocene's leading proponents argue for the centrality of capitalism in the making of climate crisis. The Capitalocene is a way to understand capitalism as a geohistorical process, not a geological event as conventionally understood. For Andreas Malm, this is the theory of fossil capital. For Jason W. Moore, it is the theory of Cheap Nature in the capitalist world-ecology . Both argue, with Karl Marx, that capitalism is a labor process, and a class struggle, in the web of life. While Malm sees the origins of climate crisis with the ascendancy of fossil capital after 1830, Moore locates the dawn of "capitalogenic" crisis in the long seventeenth century (c. 1550-1700). Both agree with Marx that capitalism is defined by the imperative of endless capital accumulation, which implies increasingly serious metabolic antagonisms.

search term: misinformation Wikipedia Page

Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information . Whereas misinformation can exist with or without specific malicious intent, disinformation is deliberately deceptive and intentionally propagated. Misinformation can include inaccurate, incomplete, misleading, or false information as well as selective or half-truths.

search term: transparency Wikipedia Page

Transparency , transparence or transparent most often refer to:

search term: European Commission Wikipedia Page

The European Commission ( EC ) is the primary executive branch of the European Union (EU).

search term: social reality Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: climate education Wikipedia Page

Climate change education (CCE) is education that aims to address and develop effective responses to climate change . It helps learners understand the causes and consequences of climate change, prepares them to live with the impacts of climate change and empowers learners to take appropriate actions to adopt more sustainable lifestyles . Climate change and climate change education are global challenges that can be anchored in the curriculum in order to provide local learning and widen up mindset shifts on how climate change can be mitigated. In such a case, CCE is more than climate change literacy, but understanding ways of dealing with climate.

search term: precautionary principle Wikipedia Page

The precautionary principle (or precautionary approach ) is a broad epistemological , philosophical and legal approach to innovations with potential for causing harm when extensive scientific knowledge on the matter is lacking. It emphasizes caution, pausing and review before leaping into new innovations that may prove disastrous. Critics argue that it is vague, self-cancelling, unscientific and an obstacle to progress.

search term: velodrome Wikipedia Page

A velodrome is an arena for track cycling . Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve .

search term: Jet Stream Wikipedia Page

Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow air currents in the Earth's atmosphere .

The polar jet stream can travel at speeds greater than 180 km/h (110 mph). Here, the fastest winds are coloured red; slower winds are blue.

search term: imagination Wikipedia Page

Imagination is the production of sensations , feelings and thoughts informing oneself . These experiences can be re-creations of past experiences, such as vivid memories with imagined changes, or completely invented and possibly fantastic scenes . Imagination helps apply knowledge to solve problems and is fundamental to integrating experience and the learning process .

search term: Boreal forests Wikipedia Page

Taiga or tayga ( / ˈ t aɪ ɡ ə / TY -gə ; Russian : тайга́ , IPA: [tɐjˈɡa] ), also known as boreal forest or snow forest , is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines , spruces , and larches . The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome . In North America, it covers most of inland Canada , Alaska , and parts of the northern contiguous United States. In Eurasia , it covers most of Sweden , Finland , much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean (including much of Siberia ), much of Norway and Estonia , some of the Scottish Highlands , some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland , and areas of northern Kazakhstan , northern Mongolia , and northern Japan (on the island of Hokkaido ).

search term: Alaska Wikipedia Page

Alaska ( / ə ˈ l æ s k ə / ə- LASS -kə ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America . Part of the Western United States region, it is one of the two non-contiguous U.S. states, alongside Hawaii . Alaska is considered to be the northernmost, westernmost, and easternmost (the Aleutian Islands cross the 180th meridian into the eastern hemisphere) state in the United States. It borders the Canadian territory of Yukon and the province of British Columbia to the east. It shares a western maritime border, in the Bering Strait , with Russia 's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug . The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas of the Arctic Ocean lie to the north, and the Pacific Ocean lies to the south. It is a semi-exclave of the U.S., and is the largest exclave in the world.

search term: Uranus Wikipedia Page

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun . It is a gaseous cyan -coloured ice giant . Most of the planet is made of water , ammonia , and methane in a supercritical phase of matter , which astronomy calls "ice" or volatiles . The planet's atmosphere has a complex layered cloud structure and has the lowest minimum temperature (49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F)) of all the Solar System 's planets. It has a marked axial tilt of 82.23° with a retrograde rotation period of 17 hours and 14 minutes. This means that in an 84-Earth-year orbital period around the Sun, its poles get around 42 years of continuous sunlight, followed by 42 years of continuous darkness.

search term: law Wikipedia Page

Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a legislature , resulting in statutes ; by the executive through decrees and regulations ; or by judges' decisions, which form precedent in common law jurisdictions. An autocrat may exercise those functions within their realm. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution , written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics , economics , history and society in various ways and also serves as a mediator of relations between people.

search term: NAACP Wikipedia Page

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) is an American civil rights organization formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois , Mary White Ovington , Moorfield Storey , Ida B. Wells , Lillian Wald , Emil G. Hirsch and Henry Moskowitz . Over the years, leaders of the organization have included Thurgood Marshall and Roy Wilkins . The NAACP is the largest and oldest civil rights group in America.

search term: Trojan Horse Wikipedia Page

In Greek mythology , the Trojan Horse ( Greek : δούρειος ίππος , romanized : doureios hippos , lit. 'wooden horse') was a wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks during the Trojan War to enter the city of Troy and win the war. The Trojan Horse is not mentioned in Homer's Iliad , with the poem ending before the war is concluded, and it is only briefly mentioned in the Odyssey . It is described at length in the Aeneid , in which Virgil recounts how, after a fruitless ten-year siege, the Greeks constructed a huge wooden horse at the behest of Odysseus , and hid a select force of men inside, including Odysseus himself. The Greeks pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the horse into their city as a victory trophy. That night, the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had sailed back under the cover of darkness. The Greeks entered and destroyed the city, ending the war.

search term: poetry Wikipedia Page

Poetry (from the Greek word poiesis , "making" ) is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, literal or surface-level meanings. Any particular instance of poetry is called a poem and is written by a poet . Poets use a variety of techniques called poetic devices, such as assonance , alliteration , consonance , euphony and cacophony , onomatopoeia , rhythm (via metre ), rhyme schemes (patterns in the type and placement of a phoneme group) and sound symbolism , to produce musical or other artistic effects. They also frequently organize these devices into poetic structures , which may be strict or loose, conventional or invented by the poet. Poetic structures vary dramatically by language and cultural convention, but they often rely on rhythmic metre : patterns of syllable stress or syllable (or mora) weight . They may also use repeating patterns of phonemes , phoneme groups, tones , words, or entire phrases. Poetic structures may even be semantic (e.g. the volta required in a Petrachan sonnet ).

search term: resonance Wikipedia Page

Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when an object or system is subjected to an external force or vibration whose frequency matches a resonant frequency (or resonance frequency ) of the system, defined as a frequency that generates a maximum amplitude response in the system. When this happens, the object or system absorbs energy from the external force and starts vibrating with a larger amplitude . Resonance can occur in various systems, such as mechanical, electrical, or acoustic systems, and it is often desirable in certain applications, such as musical instruments or radio receivers. However, resonance can also be detrimental, leading to excessive vibrations or even structural failure in some cases.

Increase of amplitude as damping decreases and frequency approaches resonant frequency of a driven damped simple harmonic oscillator .

search term: hot air balloon Wikipedia Page

A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries passengers and a source of heat, in most cases an open flame caused by burning liquid propane . The heated air inside the envelope makes it buoyant , since it has a lower density than the colder air outside the envelope. As with all aircraft , hot air balloons cannot fly beyond the atmosphere . The envelope does not have to be sealed at the bottom, since the air inside the envelope is at about the same pressure as the surrounding air. In modern sport balloons the envelope is generally made from nylon fabric, and the inlet of the balloon (closest to the burner flame) is made from a fire-resistant material such as Nomex . Modern balloons have been made in many shapes, such as rocket ships and the shapes of various commercial products, though the traditional shape is used for most non-commercial and many commercial applications.

search term: natural resources Wikipedia Page

search term: global economy Wikipedia Page

The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans in the world, referring to the global economic system , which includes all economic activities conducted both within and between nations , including production , consumption , economic management , work in general, financial transactions and trade of goods and services . In some contexts, the two terms are distinct: the "international" or "global economy" is measured separately and distinguished from national economies, while the "world economy" is simply an aggregate of the separate countries' measurements. Beyond the minimum standard concerning value in production, use and exchange, the definitions, representations, models and valuations of the world economy vary widely. It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of planet Earth .

search term: Emile Wikipedia Page

Emile or Émile may refer to:

search term: creativity Wikipedia Page

Creativity is the ability to form novel and valuable ideas or works using one's imagination . Products of creativity may be intangible (e.g. an idea, scientific theory , literary work , musical composition , or joke ), or a physical object (e.g. an invention , dish or meal, piece of jewelry , costume , a painting ).

search term: learning Wikipedia Page

Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding , knowledge , behaviors , skills , values , attitudes , and preferences . The ability to learn is possessed by humans , non-human animals , and some machines ; there is also evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants . Some learning is immediate, induced by a single event (e.g. being burned by a hot stove ), but much skill and knowledge accumulate from repeated experiences. The changes induced by learning often last a lifetime, and it is hard to distinguish learned material that seems to be "lost" from that which cannot be retrieved.

search term: Tennyson Wikipedia Page

Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson FRS ( / ˈ t ɛ n ɪ s ən / ; 6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was an English poet. He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom during much of Queen Victoria 's reign. In 1829 he was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, "Timbuktu". He published his first solo collection of poems, Poems, Chiefly Lyrical , in 1830. " Claribel " and " Mariana ", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume. Although described by some critics as overly sentimental, his poems ultimately proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge . Tennyson's early poetry, with its medievalism and powerful visual imagery, was a major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood .

search term: western culture Wikipedia Page

Western culture , also known as Western civilization , European civilization , Occidental culture , Western society , or simply the West , is the internally diverse culture of the Western world . The term "Western" encompasses the social norms , ethical values , traditional customs , belief systems , political systems , artifacts and technologies primarily rooted in European and Mediterranean histories. A broad concept, "Western culture" does not relate to a region with fixed members or geographical confines. It generally refers to the classical era cultures of Ancient Greece , Ancient Rome , and their Christian successors that expanded across the Mediterranean basin and Europe , and later circulated around the world predominantly through colonization and globalization .

search term: grief Wikipedia Page

Grief is the response to the loss of something deemed important , in particular the death of a person or animal to which a bond or affection was formed. Although conventionally focused on the emotional response to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual, political and philosophical dimensions. While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, while grief is the reaction to that loss.

search term: civic engagement Wikipedia Page

Civic engagement or civic participation is any Individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern . Civic engagement includes Community working together or individuals working alone in both political and non-political actions to protect public values or make a change in a community. The goal of civic engagement is to address public concerns and promote the quality of the community.

search term: Franz Kafka Wikipedia Page

search term: The Castle Wikipedia Page

The Castle may refer to:

search term: civic space Wikipedia Page

Civic space is created by a set of universally-accepted rules, which allow people to organise, participate and communicate with each other freely and without hindrance, and in doing so, influence the political and social structures around them. It is a concept central to any open and democratic society and means that states have a duty to protect people while respecting and facilitating the fundamental rights to associate , assemble peacefully and express views and opinions.

search term: Sparta Wikipedia Page

Sparta was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece . In antiquity, the state was known as Lacedaemon ( Λακεδαίμων , Lakedaímōn ), while "Sparta" referred to its capital, a group of villages in the valley of the Evrotas River in Laconia, in southeastern Peloponnese . Around 650 BC, it rose to become one of the major military powers in Greece, a status it retained until 371 BC.

search term: Spartans Wikipedia Page

search term: golden ratio Wikipedia Page

In mathematics , two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Expressed algebraically, for quantities ⁠ $a$ ⁠ and ⁠ $b$ ⁠ with ⁠ $a>b>0$ ⁠ , ⁠ $a$ ⁠ is in a golden ratio to ⁠ $b$ ⁠ if ${\frac {a+b}{a}}={\frac {a}{b}}=\varphi ,$ where the Greek letter phi ( ⁠ $\varphi$ ⁠ or ⁠ $\phi$ ⁠ ) denotes the golden ratio. The constant ⁠ $\varphi$ ⁠ satisfies the quadratic equation ⁠ $\textstyle \varphi ^{2}=\varphi +1$ ⁠ and is an irrational number with a value of $\varphi ={\frac {1+{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}={}$ $1.618 033988749 ....$ The golden ratio was called the extreme and mean ratio by Euclid , and the divine proportion by Luca Pacioli ; it also goes by other names.

search term: IPCC Wikipedia Page

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations . Its job is to "provide governments at all levels with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies ". The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) set up the IPCC in 1988. The United Nations endorsed the creation of the IPCC later that year. It has a secretariat in Geneva , Switzerland, hosted by the WMO. It has 195 member states who govern the IPCC. The member states elect a bureau of scientists to serve through an assessment cycle. A cycle is usually six to seven years. The bureau selects experts in their fields to prepare IPCC reports. There is a formal nomination process by governments and observer organizations to find these experts. The IPCC has three working groups and a task force, which carry out its scientific work.

search term: educational system Wikipedia Page

The educational system generally refers to the structure of all institutions and the opportunities for obtaining education within a country. It includes all pre-school institutions, starting from family education, and/or early childhood education , through kindergarten , primary, secondary, and tertiary schools, then lyceums , colleges , and faculties also known as Higher education (University education) . This framework also includes institutions of continuous (further) professional and personal education, as well as private educational institutions.

search term: sustainable development Wikipedia Page

Sustainable development is an approach to growth and human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The aim is to have a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining planetary integrity . Sustainable development aims to balance the needs of the economy , environment , and society. The Brundtland Report in 1987 helped to make the concept of sustainable development better known.

search term: ecological systems Wikipedia Page

An ecosystem (or ecological system ) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment . The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

search term: Durham Cathedral Wikipedia Page

Durham Cathedral , formally the Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham , is a Church of England cathedral in the city of Durham, England . The cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Durham and is the mother church of the diocese of Durham . It also contains the shrines of the Anglo-Saxon saints Cuthbert and Bede . There are daily Church of England services at the cathedral, and it received 727,367 visitors in 2019. It is a grade I listed building and forms part of the Durham Castle and Cathedral World Heritage Site .

search term: human activity Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: polar bears Wikipedia Page

Ursus eogroenlandicus
Ursus groenlandicus
Ursus jenaensis
Ursus labradorensis
Ursus marinus
Ursus polaris
Ursus spitzbergensis
Ursus ungavensis
Thalarctos maritimus

search term: polar regions Wikipedia Page

The polar regions , also called the frigid zones or polar zones , of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps , the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North Pole and the South Pole ), lying within the polar circles . These high latitudes are dominated by floating sea ice covering much of the Arctic Ocean in the north, and by the Antarctic ice sheet on the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the south.

Visualization of the ice and snow covering Earth's northern and southern polar regions

search term: Psychology of Climate Change Wikipedia Page

Climate psychology is a field that aims to further our understanding of our psychological processes ' relationship to the climate and our environment. It aims to study both how the climate can impact our own thoughts and behaviors, as well as how our thoughts and behaviors impact the climate. This field often focuses on climate change, both in our reaction to it and how our behaviors can be changed in order to minimize the impact humanity has on the climate. These behavior changes include: engaging with the public about climate change, contributing at a personal, communal, cultural and political level by supporting effective change through activists, scientists, and policy makers, and finally nurturing psychological resilience to the destructive impacts climate change creates now and in the future.

search term: Hawaii Wikipedia Page

Hawaii ( / h ə . ˈ w aɪ . i / hə- WY -ee ; Hawaiian : Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi, həˈwɐjʔi] ) is an island state of the United States , in the Pacific Ocean about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) southwest of the U.S. mainland. One of the two non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska), it is the only state not on the North American mainland, the only state that is an archipelago , and the only state in the tropics .

search term: Victorian England Wikipedia Page

In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire , the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria , from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. Slightly different definitions are sometimes used. The era followed the Georgian era and preceded the Edwardian era , and its later half overlaps with the first part of the Belle Époque era of continental Europe.

search term: average global temperature Wikipedia Page

Global surface temperature ( GST ) is the average temperature of Earth 's surface at a given time. It is a combination of sea surface temperature and the near-surface air temperature over land, weighted by their respective areas. Temperature data comes mainly from weather stations and satellites . To estimate data in the distant past, proxy data can be used for example from tree rings , corals , and ice cores . Observing the rising GST over time is one of the many lines of evidence supporting the scientific consensus on climate change , which is that human activities are causing climate change . Alternative terms for the same concept are global mean surface temperature ( GMST ) or global average surface temperature .

search term: heatwaves Wikipedia Page

A heat wave or heatwave , sometimes described as extreme heat , is a period of abnormally hot weather that lasts for multiple days. A heat wave is usually measured relative to the usual climate in the area and to normal temperatures for the season. The main difficulties with this broad definition emerge when one must quantify what the 'normal' temperature state is, and what the spatial extent of the event may or must be. Temperatures that humans from a hotter climate consider normal can be regarded as a heat wave in a cooler area. This would be the case if the warm temperatures are outside the normal climate pattern for that area. Heat waves have become more frequent, and more intense over land, across almost every area on Earth since the 1950s, the increase in frequency and duration being caused by climate change . According to the World Meteorological Organization, heat waves continued to intensify in 2024, with record-breaking temperatures reported in Europe, North America, and China. Many regions experienced consecutive days above 45°C, highlighting the increasing frequency and severity of extreme heat events worldwide. .

search term: cyanobacteria Wikipedia Page

Cyanobacteria ( / s aɪ ˌ æ n oʊ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i ə / sy- AN -oh-bak- TEER -ee-ə ) are a group of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria of the phylum Cyanobacteriota that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis . The name "cyanobacteria" (from Ancient Greek κύανος ( kúanos ) ' blue ' ) refers to their bluish green ( cyan ) color, which forms the basis of cyanobacteria's informal common name , blue-green algae .

search term: photosynthesis Wikipedia Page

Photosynthesis ( / ˌ f oʊ t ə ˈ s ɪ n θ ə s ɪ s / FOH -tə- SINTH -ə-sis ) is a system of biological processes by which photopigment -bearing autotrophic organisms , such as most plants , algae and cyanobacteria , convert light energy — typically from sunlight — into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism . The term photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis , a process that releases oxygen as a byproduct of water splitting . Photosynthetic organisms store the converted chemical energy within the bonds of intracellular organic compounds (complex compounds containing carbon ), typically carbohydrates like sugars (mainly glucose , fructose and sucrose ), starches , phytoglycogen and cellulose . When needing to use this stored energy, an organism's cells then metabolize the organic compounds through cellular respiration . Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere , and it supplies most of the biological energy necessary for complex life on Earth .

search term: paradox Wikipedia Page

A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true or apparently true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion. A paradox usually involves contradictory-yet-interrelated elements that exist simultaneously and persist over time. They result in "persistent contradiction between interdependent elements" leading to a lasting "unity of opposites".

search term: knowledge Wikipedia Page

Knowledge is an awareness of facts , a familiarity with individuals and situations , or a practical skill . Knowledge of facts, also called propositional knowledge, is often characterized as true belief that is distinct from opinion or guesswork by virtue of justification . While there is wide agreement among philosophers that propositional knowledge is a form of true belief, many controversies focus on justification. This includes questions like how to understand justification, whether it is needed at all, and whether something else besides it is needed. These controversies intensified in the latter half of the 20th century due to a series of thought experiments called Gettier cases that provoked alternative definitions.

search term: scientific knowledge Wikipedia Page

search term: geological time Wikipedia Page

The geologic time scale or geological time scale ( GTS ) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth . It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (a scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists , paleontologists , geophysicists , geochemists , and paleoclimatologists ) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies , paleomagnetic properties, and fossils . The definition of standardised international units of geological time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective is to precisely define global chronostratigraphic units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC) that are used to define divisions of geological time. The chronostratigraphic divisions are in turn used to define geochronologic units.

search term: Montreal Protocol Wikipedia Page

The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion . It was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989. Since then, it has undergone several amendments and adjustments, with revisions agreed to in 1990 ( London ), 1992 ( Copenhagen ), 1995 ( Vienna ), 1997 ( Montreal ), 1999 ( Beijing ), 2007 (Montreal), 2016 ( Kigali ) and 2018 ( Quito ). As a result of the international agreement, the ozone hole over Antarctica is slowly recovering. Climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2040 (across much of the world) and 2066 (over Antarctica). Due to its widespread adoption and implementation, it has been hailed as an example of successful international co-operation. Former United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Kofi Annan stated that "perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date has been the Montreal Protocol". In comparison, effective burden-sharing and solution proposals mitigating regional conflicts of interest have been among the success factors for the ozone depletion challenge, where global regulation based on the Kyoto Protocol has failed to do so. In this case of the ozone depletion challenge, there was global regulation already being implemented before a scientific consensus was established. Also, overall public opinion was convinced of possible imminent risks.

search term: colonization Wikipedia Page

Colonization ( British English : colonisation ) is a process of establishing control over areas or peoples for foreign people to advance their trade, cultivation, exploitation and possibly settlement . Colonization functions through establishing a differentiation between the area and people of the colonized and colonizers, establishing metropoles , coloniality and possibly outright colonies . Colonization is commonly pursued and maintained by, but distinct from, imperialism , mercantilism , or colonialism . Conquest can take place without colonization, but a conquering process may often result in or from migration and colonizing. The term "colonization" is sometimes used synonymously with the word "settling", as with colonization in biology .

search term: energy sector Wikipedia Page

The energy industry refers to all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all countries.

search term: public opinion Wikipedia Page

Public opinion , or popular opinion , is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.

search term: climate action Wikipedia Page

Climate action (or climate change action ) refers to a range of activities, mechanisms, policy instruments, and so forth that aim at reducing the severity of human-induced climate change and its impacts . "More climate action" is a central demand of the climate movement . Climate inaction is the absence of climate action.

search term: Brazil Wikipedia Page

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America and a founding member of BRICS . It is also the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh-largest by population , with over 213 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 states and a Federal District , which hosts the capital, Brasília . Its most populous city is São Paulo , followed by Rio de Janeiro . Brazil has the most Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese is an official language .

search term: engineering Wikipedia Page

Engineering is the practice of using natural science , mathematics , and the engineering design process to solve problems within technology , increase efficiency and productivity , and improve systems . The traditional disciplines of engineering are civil , mechanical , electrical , and chemical . The academic discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized subfields, and each can have a more specific emphasis for applications of mathematics and science . In turn, modern engineering practice spans multiple fields of engineering , which include designing and improving infrastructure , machinery , vehicles , electronics , materials , and energy systems . For related terms, see glossary of engineering .

search term: COP21 Wikipedia Page

The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference , COP 21 or CMP 11 was held in Paris, France, from 30 November to 12 December 2015. It was the 21st yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 11th session of the Meeting of the Parties (CMP) to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol .

search term: Buddhists Wikipedia Page

Buddhists ( listen ) are people who adhere to Buddhism , a religious and philosophical tradition founded by Siddhartha Gautama , the Buddha , in the 5th–4th century BCE in India . Buddhist identity can be religious, cultural, or secular, encompassing monastic practitioners, lay followers, and individuals who adopt meditation and ethical practices without formal rituals.

search term: carbon emissions Wikipedia Page

search term: wind turbines Wikipedia Page

A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy . As of 2020 , hundreds of thousands of large turbines , in installations known as wind farms , were generating over 650 gigawatts of power, with 60 GW added each year. Wind turbines are an increasingly important source of intermittent renewable energy , and are used in many countries to lower energy costs and reduce reliance on fossil fuels . One study claimed that, as of 2009, wind had the "lowest relative greenhouse gas emissions, the least water consumption demands and the most favorable social impacts" compared to photovoltaic , hydro , geothermal , coal and gas energy sources.

search term: carbon footprint Wikipedia Page

A carbon footprint (or greenhouse gas footprint ) is a calculated value or index that makes it possible to compare the total amount of greenhouse gases that an activity, product, company or country adds to the atmosphere . Carbon footprints are usually reported in tonnes of emissions ( CO ₂ -equivalent ) per unit of comparison. Such units can be for example tonnes CO ₂ -eq per year , per kilogram of protein for consumption , per kilometer travelled , per piece of clothing and so forth. A product's carbon footprint includes the emissions for the entire life cycle . These run from the production along the supply chain to its final consumption and disposal.

The carbon footprint can be used to compare the climate change impact of many things. The example given here is the carbon footprint ( greenhouse gas emissions ) of food across the supply chain caused by land use change , farm, animal feed, processing, transport, retail, packing, losses.

search term: legislation Wikipedia Page

Legislation is the process or result of enrolling , enacting , or promulgating laws by a legislature , parliament , or analogous governing body . Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill , and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.

search term: investments Wikipedia Page

Investment is traditionally defined as the "commitment of resources into something expected to gain value over time". If an investment involves money, then it can be defined as a "commitment of money to receive more money later". From a broader viewpoint, an investment can be defined as "to tailor the pattern of expenditure and receipt of resources to optimise the desirable patterns of these flows". When expenditures and receipts are defined in terms of money, then the net monetary receipt in a time period is termed cash flow , while money received in a series of several time periods is termed cash flow stream.

Dollar cost averaging: If an individual invested $500 per month into the stock market for 40 years at a 10% annual return rate, they would have an ending balance of over $2.5 million.

search term: democratic space Wikipedia Page

Democratic Space ( Spazio Democratico , SD) is a Christian-democratic faction within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy .

search term: Guernica Wikipedia Page

Guernica ( / ɡ ər ˈ n iː k ə , ˈ ɡ ɜːr n ɪ k ə / , Spanish pronunciation: [ɡeɾˈnika] ), officially Gernika ( pronounced [ɡernika] ) in Basque, is a town in the province of Biscay , in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country , Spain. The town of Guernica is one part (along with neighbouring Lumo) of the municipality of Gernika-Lumo ( Spanish : Guernica y Luno ), whose population was 16,224 as of 2009 .

search term: cultural memory Wikipedia Page

Cultural memory is a form of collective memory shared by a group of people who share a culture. The theory posits that memory is not just an individual, private experience but also part of the collective domain, which both shapes the future and our understanding of the past. It has become a topic in both historiography , which emphasizes the process of forming cultural memory, and cultural studies , which emphasizes the implications and objects of cultural memory.

search term: ancien regime Wikipedia Page

The ancien régime ( / ˌ ɒ̃ s j æ̃ r eɪ ˈ ʒ iː m / ; French: [ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim] ; lit. ' old rule ' ) was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France that the French Revolution overturned through its abolition in 1790 of the feudal system of the French nobility and in 1792 through its execution of King Louis XVI and declaration of a republic . "Ancien régime" is now a common metaphor for "a system or mode no longer prevailing".

search term: Chemistry Wikipedia Page

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter . It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms , molecules and ions : their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances . Chemistry also addresses the nature of chemical bonds in chemical compounds .

search term: disinformation Wikipedia Page

Disinformation is misleading content deliberately spread to deceive people, or to secure economic or political gain and which may cause public harm. Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. Disinformation is implemented through coordinated campaigns that "weaponize multiple rhetorical strategies and forms of knowing—including not only falsehoods but also truths , half-truths , and value judgements —to exploit and amplify culture wars and other identity-driven controversies."

search term: drought Wikipedia Page

A drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions. A drought can last for days, months or years. Drought often has large impacts on the ecosystems and agriculture of affected regions, and causes harm to the local economy . Annual dry seasons in the tropics significantly increase the chances of a drought developing, with subsequent increased wildfire risks. Heat waves can significantly worsen drought conditions by increasing evapotranspiration . This dries out forests and other vegetation, and increases the amount of fuel for wildfires.

search term: life expectancy Wikipedia Page

Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth ( LEB , or in demographic notation e ₀ , where e _x denotes the average life remaining at age x ). This can be defined in two ways. Cohort LEB is the mean length of life of a birth cohort (in this case, all individuals born in a given year) and can be computed only for cohorts born so long ago that all their members have died. Period LEB is the mean length of life of a hypothetical cohort assumed to be exposed, from birth through death, to the mortality rates observed at a given year. National LEB figures reported by national agencies and international organizations for human populations are estimates of period LEB.

search term: Great Famine Wikipedia Page

Great Famine may refer to:

search term: Bengal Famine Wikipedia Page

There have been several significant famines in the history of Bengal (now independent Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal ) including:

search term: Indian economy Wikipedia Page

The economy of India is a developing mixed economy with a notable public sector in strategic sectors. It is the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP); on a per capita income basis, India ranked 136th by GDP (nominal) and 119th by GDP (PPP) . From independence in 1947 until 1991, successive governments followed the Soviet model and promoted protectionist economic policies, with extensive Sovietization , state intervention , demand-side economics , natural resources, bureaucrat-driven enterprises and economic regulation . This was a form of the Licence Raj . The end of the Cold War and an acute balance of payments crisis in 1991 led to the adoption of a broad economic liberalisation in India and indicative planning . India has about 1,900 public sector companies, with the Indian state having complete control and ownership of railways and highways. The Indian government has major control over banking, insurance, farming, fertilizers and chemicals, airports, essential utilities. The state also exerts substantial control over digitalization, telecommunication, supercomputing, space, port and shipping industries, which were effectively nationalised in the mid-1950s but has seen the emergence of key corporate players.

search term: United States Wikipedia Page

search term: electric cars Wikipedia Page

An electric car or electric vehicle ( EV ) is a passenger automobile that is propelled by an electric traction motor , using electrical energy as the primary source of propulsion . The term normally refers to a plug-in electric vehicle , typically a battery electric vehicle (BEV), which only uses energy stored in on-board battery packs , but broadly may also include plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), range-extended electric vehicle (REEV) and fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), which can convert electric power from other fuels via a generator or a fuel cell .

search term: Egypt Wikipedia Page

Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula . It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , Palestine ( Gaza Strip ) and Israel to the northeast , the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west ; the Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia . Cairo is the capital, largest city , and leading cultural center, while Alexandria is the second-largest city and an important hub of industry and tourism. With over 107 million inhabitants, Egypt is the third-most populous country in Africa and 15th-most populated in the world .

search term: human culture Wikipedia Page

search term: ExxonMobil Wikipedia Page

Exxon Mobil Corporation ( / ˌ ɛ k s ɒ n ˈ m oʊ b əl / EK -son MOH -bəl ) is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Spring, Texas , a suburb of Houston . Founded as the largest direct successor of John D. Rockefeller 's Standard Oil , the company was formed in 1999, with the merger of Exxon and Mobil . It is vertically integrated across the entire oil and gas industry, as well as within its chemicals division, which produces plastic, synthetic rubber, and other chemical products. As the largest U.S.-based oil and gas company, ExxonMobil is the seventh-largest company by revenue in the U.S. and 13th-largest in the world . It is also the largest investor-owned oil company in the world. Approximately 55.56% of the company's shares are held by institutions, the largest of which, as of 2019, were The Vanguard Group (8.15%), BlackRock (6.61%), and State Street Corporation (4.83%).

search term: Luxembourg Wikipedia Page

– in Europe (light green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (light green) – [ Legend ]

search term: climate Wikipedia Page

Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteorological variables that are commonly measured are temperature , humidity , atmospheric pressure , wind , and precipitation . In a broader sense, climate is the state of the components of the climate system , including the atmosphere , hydrosphere , cryosphere , lithosphere and biosphere and the interactions between them. The climate of a location is affected by its latitude , longitude , terrain , altitude , land use and nearby water bodies and their currents.

search term: dynamic systems Wikipedia Page

In mathematics , a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in an ambient space , such as in a parametric curve . Examples include the mathematical models that describe the swinging of a clock pendulum , the flow of water in a pipe , the random motion of particles in the air , and the number of fish each springtime in a lake . The most general definition unifies several concepts in mathematics such as ordinary differential equations and ergodic theory by allowing different choices of the space and how time is measured. Time can be measured by integers, by real or complex numbers or can be a more general algebraic object, losing the memory of its physical origin, and the space may be a manifold or simply a set , without the need of a smooth space-time structure defined on it.

search term: planetary systems Wikipedia Page

A planetary system consists of a set of non-stellar bodies which are gravitationally bound to and in orbit of a star or star system . Generally speaking, such systems will include planets , and may include other objects such as dwarf planets , asteroids , natural satellites , meteoroids , comets , planetesimals , and circumstellar disks . The Solar System is an example of a planetary system, in which Earth , seven other planets, and other celestial objects are bound to and revolve around the Sun . The term exoplanetary system is sometimes used in reference to planetary systems other than the Solar System. By convention planetary systems are named after their host, or parent, star, as is the case with the Solar System being named after "Sol" (Latin for sun).

search term: AMOC Wikipedia Page

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation ( AMOC ) is the main ocean current system in the Atlantic Ocean . It is a component of Earth's ocean circulation system and plays an important role in the climate system . The AMOC includes Atlantic currents at the surface and at great depths that are driven by changes in weather, temperature and salinity . Those currents comprise half of the global thermohaline circulation that includes the flow of major ocean currents, the other half being the Southern Ocean overturning circulation .

search term: anatomy Wikipedia Page

Anatomy (from Ancient Greek ἀνατομή ( anatomḗ ) ' dissection ' ) is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal and external structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times.

One of the large, detailed illustrations in Andreas Vesalius 's *De humani corporis fabrica* 16th century, marking the rebirth of anatomy

search term: WMO Wikipedia Page

search term: exponential growth Wikipedia Page

Exponential growth occurs when a quantity grows as an exponential function of time. The quantity grows at a rate directly proportional to its present size. For example, when it is 3 times as big as it is now, it will be growing 3 times as fast as it is now.

The graph illustrates how exponential growth (green) eventually surpasses both linear (red) and cubic (blue) growth.
Linear growth

Cubic growth

Exponential growth

search term: paradigms Wikipedia Page

search term: Newton Wikipedia Page

Newton most commonly refers to:

search term: Newtonian Physics Wikipedia Page

In physics , classical mechanics is a theory that describes the effect of forces on the motion of macroscopic objects and bulk matter , without considering quantum and relativistic effects.

search term: Solar System Wikipedia Page

The Solar System consists of the Sun and the objects that orbit it. The name comes from Sōl , the Latin name for the Sun. It formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a dense region of a molecular cloud collapsed, creating the Sun and a protoplanetary disc from which the orbiting bodies assembled. The fusion of hydrogen into helium inside the Sun's core releases energy, which is primarily emitted through its outer photosphere . This creates a decreasing temperature gradient across the system. Over 99.86% of the Solar System's mass is located within the Sun.

search term: Bible Wikipedia Page

The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism , and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam . The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) originally written in Hebrew (with some parts in Aramaic ) and Koine Greek . The texts include instructions, stories, poetry , prophecies , and other genres. The collection of materials accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon . Believers generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration , but the way they understand what that means and interpret the text varies.

search term: Quantum Physics Wikipedia Page

Quantum mechanics is the fundamental physical theory that describes the behavior of matter and of light; its unusual characteristics typically occur at and below the scale of atoms . It is the foundation of all quantum physics , which includes quantum chemistry , quantum biology , quantum field theory , quantum technology , and quantum information science .

search term: climate activism Wikipedia Page

The climate movement is a global social movement focused on pressuring governments and industry to take action (also called climate action ) addressing the causes and impacts of climate change . Citizens and environmental non-profit organizations have engaged in significant climate activism since the late 1980s and early 1990s, as they sought to influence the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) . Climate activism has become increasingly prominent over time, gaining significant momentum during the 2009 Copenhagen Summit and particularly following the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2016.

search term: Deep South Wikipedia Page

The Deep South or the Lower South is a cultural and geographic subregion of the Southern United States . The term is used to describe the states which were most economically dependent on plantations and slavery , generally Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama , Georgia , and South Carolina . East Texas , North Florida , the Arkansas Delta , South Arkansas , West Tennessee , and the southern part of North Carolina are sometimes included as well. Following the end of the American Civil War in 1865, the region experienced significant economic hardship and became a focal point of racial tension during and after the Reconstruction era .

search term: slavery Wikipedia Page

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property , especially in regards to their labour. It is an economic phenomenon and its history resides in economic history. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology ).

search term: Mamie Till Wikipedia Page

Mamie Elizabeth Till-Mobley (born Mamie Elizabeth Carthan ; November 23, 1921 – January 6, 2003), an American educator and civil rights activist, was the mother of Emmett Till , the 14-year-old youth murdered in Mississippi on August 28, 1955, after being accused of offending a white grocery store cashier named Carolyn Bryant. For Emmett's funeral in Chicago, Mamie Till insisted that the coffin containing his body be left open because, in her words, "I wanted the world to see what they did to my baby."

search term: Soul Music Wikipedia Page

Soul music is a musical genre.

search term: vertigo Wikipedia Page

Vertigo is a condition in which a person has the sensation that they are moving, or that objects around them are moving, when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement. It may be associated with nausea , vomiting , perspiration , or difficulties walking. It is typically worse when the head is moved. Vertigo is the most common type of dizziness .

search term: free market Wikipedia Page

In economics , a free market is an economic system in which the prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand expressed by sellers and buyers. Such markets, as modeled, operate without the intervention of government or any other external authority. Proponents of the free market as a normative ideal contrast it with a regulated market , in which a government intervenes in supply and demand by means of various methods such as taxes or regulations . In an idealized free market economy , prices for goods and services are set solely by the bids and offers of the participants.

A diagram showing the "effects of price freedom"

search term: BBC website Wikipedia Page

BBC Online , formerly known as BBCi , is the BBC 's online service. It is a large network of websites including such high-profile sites as BBC News and Sport , the on-demand video and radio services branded BBC iPlayer and BBC Sounds , the children's sites CBBC and CBeebies , and learning services such as Bitesize and Own It . The BBC has had an online presence supporting its TV and radio programmes and web-only initiatives since April 1994, but did not launch officially until 28 April 1997, following government approval to fund it by TV licence fee revenue as a service in its own right. Throughout its history, the online plans of the BBC have been subject to competition and complaint from its commercial rivals, which has resulted in various public consultations and government reviews to investigate their claims that its large presence and public funding distorts the UK market.

search term: Cassandra Wikipedia Page

In Greek mythology , Cassandra or Casandra ( / k ə ˈ s æ n d r ə / ; Ancient Greek : Κασ(σ)άνδρα , pronounced [kas:ándra] , sometimes referred to as Alexandra ; Ἀλεξάνδρα ) was a Trojan priestess dedicated to the god Apollo and fated by him to utter true prophecies but never to be believed. In modern usage her name is employed as a rhetorical device to indicate a person whose accurate predictions, generally of impending disaster, are not believed.

*Cassandra* by Evelyn De Morgan (1898, London); Cassandra in front of the burning city of Troy, depicted with disheveled hair denoting the insanity ascribed to her by the Trojans

search term: Motion Blindness Wikipedia Page

Akinetopsia (from Greek akinesia 'absence of movement' and opsis 'seeing'), also known as cerebral akinetopsia or motion blindness , is an extremely rare neuropsychological disorder, having only been documented in a handful of medical cases, in which a patient cannot perceive motion in their visual field, despite being able to see stationary objects without issue. The syndrome is the result of damage to visual area V5 , whose cells are specialized to detect directional visual motion. There are varying degrees of akinetopsia: from seeing motion as frames of a cinema reel to an inability to discriminate any motion. There is currently no effective treatment or cure for akinetopsia.

search term: cognitive dissonance Wikipedia Page

In the field of psychology , cognitive dissonance is described as a mental phenomenon in which people unknowingly or subconsciously hold fundamentally conflicting cognitions. Being confronted by situations that create this dissonance or highlight these inconsistencies motivates change in their cognitions or actions to reduce this dissonance, maybe by changing a belief or maybe by explaining something away.

search term: survey Wikipedia Page

search term: Republicans Wikipedia Page

Republican can refer to:

search term: Einstein Wikipedia Page

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity . Einstein also made important contributions to quantum theory . His mass–energy equivalence formula $E = mc$ , which arises from special relativity , has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for "his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect ".

search term: Relativity Wikipedia Page

Relativity may refer to:

search term: hamburger Wikipedia Page

A hamburger , simply known as a burger , consists of fillings—usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef —placed inside a sliced bun or bread roll . The patties are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis with condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish or a "special sauce", often a variation of Thousand Island dressing , and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns . A hamburger patty topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger . Under some definitions, and in some cultures, a hamburger is considered a sandwich .

search term: Aristotle Wikipedia Page

Aristotle ( Attic Greek : Ἀριστοτέλης , romanized: Aristotélēs ; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath . His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences , philosophy , linguistics , economics , politics , psychology , and the arts . As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens , he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science .

search term: morality Wikipedia Page

Morality (from Latin moralitas ' manner, character , proper behavior ' ) is the categorization of intentions , decisions and actions into those that are proper , or right , and those that are improper , or wrong . Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosophy , religion or culture , or it can derive from a standard that is understood to be universal . Morality may also be specifically synonymous with " goodness ", "appropriateness" or "rightness".

search term: openness Wikipedia Page

Openness is an overarching concept that is characterized by an emphasis on transparency and collaboration . That is, openness refers to "accessibility of knowledge, technology and other resources; the transparency of action; the permeability of organisational structures; and the inclusiveness of participation". Openness can be said to be the opposite of closedness, central authority and secrecy .

search term: modernity Wikipedia Page

Modernity , a topic in the humanities and social sciences , is both a historical period (the modern era ) and the ensemble of particular socio - cultural norms , attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissance —in the Age of Reason of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century Enlightenment . Commentators variously consider the era of modernity to have ended by 1930, with World War II in 1945, or as late as the period falling between the 1980s and 1990s; the following era is often referred to as " postmodernity ". The term " contemporary history " is also used to refer to the post-1945 timeframe, without assigning it to either the modern or postmodern era. (Thus "modern" may be used as a name of a particular era in the past, as opposed to meaning "the current era".)

search term: lithium Wikipedia Page

Lithium (from Ancient Greek : λίθος , líthos , ' stone ' ) is a chemical element ; it has symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal . Under standard conditions , it is the least dense metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and must be stored in vacuum, inert atmosphere, or inert liquid such as purified kerosene or mineral oil. It exhibits a metallic luster when pure, but quickly corrodes in air to a dull silvery gray, then black tarnish. It does not occur freely in nature, but occurs mainly as pegmatitic minerals, which were once the main source of lithium. Due to its solubility as an ion, it is present in ocean water and is commonly obtained from brines . Lithium metal is isolated electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride .

search term: OECD Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: problem solving Wikipedia Page

Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving ( SPS ) addressing one issue, whereas the latter is complex problem solving ( CPS ) with multiple interrelated obstacles. Another classification of problem-solving tasks is into well-defined problems with specific obstacles and goals, and ill-defined problems in which the current situation is troublesome but it is not clear what kind of resolution to aim for. Similarly, one may distinguish formal or fact-based problems requiring psychometric intelligence , versus socio-emotional problems which depend on the changeable emotions of individuals or groups, such as tactful behavior, fashion, or gift choices.

search term: mathematics Wikipedia Page

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, theories, and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many areas of mathematics, which include number theory (the study of numbers), algebra (the study of formulas and related structures), geometry (the study of shapes and spaces that contain them), analysis (the study of continuous changes), and set theory (presently used as a foundation for all mathematics).

search term: rule of law Wikipedia Page

The essence of the rule of law is that all people and institutions within a political body are subject to the same laws. This concept is sometimes stated simply as "no one is above the law" or "all are equal before the law". According to Encyclopædia Britannica , it is defined as "the mechanism, process, institution, practice, or norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonarbitrary form of government, and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power."

search term: nuclear fusion Wikipedia Page

Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus. The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy . This difference in mass arises as a result of the difference in nuclear binding energy between the atomic nuclei before and after the fusion reaction. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers all active stars , via many reaction pathways .

search term: religious belief Wikipedia Page

search term: wisdom Wikipedia Page

Wisdom , also known as sapience , is the ability to apply knowledge , experience , and good judgment to navigate life's complexities. It is often associated with insight , discernment, and ethics in decision-making. Throughout history, wisdom has been regarded as a key virtue in philosophy , religion , and psychology , representing the ability to understand and respond to reality in a balanced and thoughtful manner. Unlike intelligence , which primarily concerns problem-solving and reasoning, wisdom involves a deeper comprehension of human nature , moral principles , and the long-term consequences of actions.

search term: bureaucracy Wikipedia Page

Bureaucracy ( / b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i / bure- OK -rə-see ) is a system of organization where laws or regulatory authority are implemented by civil servants (non-elected officials). Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. Today, bureaucracy is the administrative system governing any large institution, whether publicly owned or privately owned. The public administration in many jurisdictions is an example of bureaucracy, as is any centralized hierarchical structure of an institution, including corporations , societies , nonprofit organizations , and clubs .

Students competed in imperial examinations to receive a position in the bureaucracy of Imperial China .

search term: Gregor Wikipedia Page

Gregor is a masculine given name . Notable people and fictional characters with the name include:

search term: autonomy Wikipedia Page

In developmental psychology and moral , political , bioethical philosophy , autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction . Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine .

search term: seamanship Wikipedia Page

Seamanship is the art , competence , and knowledge of operating a ship , boat or other craft on water. The Oxford Dictionary states that seamanship is "The skill, techniques, or practice of handling a ship or boat at sea."

search term: Piketty Wikipedia Page

Thomas Piketty ( French: [tɔmɑ pikɛti] ; born 7 May 1971) is a French economist who is a professor of economics at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences , associate chair at the Paris School of Economics (PSE) and Centennial Professor of Economics in the International Inequalities Institute at the London School of Economics (LSE).

search term: The Academy Wikipedia Page

An academy is an institution of secondary education or higher learning, research, or honorary membership.

search term: CO2 emissions Wikipedia Page

search term: Statistical Society Wikipedia Page

The Royal Statistical Society ( RSS ) is an established statistical society. It has three main roles: a British learned society for statistics , a professional body for statisticians and a charity which promotes statistics for the public good.

search term: Science Communication Wikipedia Page

Science communication encompasses a wide range of activities that connect science and society . Common goals of science communication include informing non-experts about scientific findings, raising the public awareness of and interest in science , influencing people's attitudes and behaviors, informing public policy , and engaging with diverse communities to address societal problems. The term "science communication" generally refers to settings in which audiences are not experts on the scientific topic being discussed ( outreach ), though some authors categorize expert-to-expert communication ("inreach" such as publication in scientific journals ) as a type of science communication. Examples of outreach include science journalism and health communication . Since science has political, moral, and legal implications, science communication can help bridge gaps between different stakeholders in public policy, industry, and civil society.

Schematic overview of the field and the actors of science communication according to Carsten Könneker

search term: European School Wikipedia Page

A European School ( Latin : Schola Europaea ) is a type of international school emphasising a multilingual and multicultural pedagogical approach to the teaching of nursery, primary and secondary students, leading to the European Baccalaureate as their secondary leaving qualification . Each European School is set up, financed, and operated by the international organisation, the " European Schools ", controlled jointly by the member states of the European Union and the European Commission. The schools prioritise, for enrolment purposes, the children of EU staff.

search term: natural sciences Wikipedia Page

Natural science or empirical science is a branch of science concerned with the description, understanding, and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and reproducibility of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances.

Onion ( *Allium* ) cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Growth in an ' organism ' is carefully controlled by regulating the cell cycle.

search term: Holocaust Wikipedia Page

The Holocaust ( / ˈ h ɒ l ə k ɔː s t / HOL -ə-kawst ), known in Hebrew as the Shoah ( / ˈ ʃ oʊ ə / SHOH -ə ; Hebrew: שּׁוֹאָה , romanized: Shoah , IPA: [ʃoˈʔa] , lit. ' Catastrophe ' ), was the genocide of European Jews during World War II . From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe , around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were committed primarily through mass shootings across Eastern Europe and poison gas chambers in extermination camps , chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau , Treblinka , Belzec , Sobibor , and Chełmno in occupied Poland . Separate Nazi persecutions killed millions of other non-Jewish civilians and prisoners of war (POWs); the term Holocaust is sometimes used to include the murder and persecution of non-Jewish groups .

search term: mass extinction event Wikipedia Page

search term: polar bear Wikipedia Page

Ursus eogroenlandicus
Ursus groenlandicus
Ursus jenaensis
Ursus labradorensis
Ursus marinus
Ursus polaris
Ursus spitzbergensis
Ursus ungavensis
Thalarctos maritimus

search term: climate emergency Wikipedia Page

Climate emergency may refer to:

search term: primary school Wikipedia Page

A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore ), elementary school , or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary education of children who are 4 to 10 years of age (and in many cases, 11 years of age). Primary schooling follows preschool and precedes secondary schooling .

search term: public Wikipedia Page

In public relations and communication science , publics are groups of individual people , and the public (a.k.a. the general public ) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere .

search term: Maths Wikipedia Page

search term: Upper Room Wikipedia Page

The Cenacle (from the Latin cenaculum , "dining room"), also known as the Upper Room (from the Koine Greek anagaion and hyperōion , both meaning "upper room"), is a room in Mount Zion in Jerusalem , just outside the Old City walls , traditionally held to be the site of the Last Supper , the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus held with the apostles .

search term: religion Wikipedia Page

Religion is a range of social - cultural systems , including designated behaviors and practices, ethics , morals , beliefs , worldviews , texts , sanctified places , prophecies , or organizations , that generally relate humanity to supernatural , transcendental , and spiritual elements —although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion. It is an essentially contested concept . Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine , sacredness , faith , and a supernatural being or beings.

search term: religious community Wikipedia Page

Religious community may refer to:

search term: floods Wikipedia Page

A flood is an overflow of water ( or rarely other fluids ) that submerges land that is usually dry. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide . Floods are of significant concern in agriculture , civil engineering and public health . Human changes to the environment often increase the intensity and frequency of flooding. Examples for human changes are land use changes such as deforestation and removal of wetlands , changes in waterway course or flood controls such as with levees . Global environmental issues also influence causes of floods, namely climate change which causes an intensification of the water cycle and sea level rise . For example, climate change makes extreme weather events more frequent and stronger. This leads to more intense floods and increased flood risk.

search term: hurricanes Wikipedia Page

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area , a closed low-level atmospheric circulation , strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls . Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is called a hurricane ( / ˈ h ʌr ɪ k ən , - k eɪ n / ), typhoon ( / t aɪ ˈ f uː n / ), tropical storm , cyclonic storm , tropical depression , or simply cyclone . A hurricane is a strong tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean or northeastern Pacific Ocean . A typhoon is the same thing which occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, comparable storms are referred to as "tropical cyclones". In modern times, on average around 80 to 90 named tropical cyclones form each year around the world, over half of which develop hurricane-force winds of 65 kn (120 km/h; 75 mph) or more.

search term: vital organs Wikipedia Page

In a multicellular organism , an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function . In the hierarchy of life , an organ lies between tissue and an organ system . Tissues are formed from same type cells to act together in a function. Tissues of different types combine to form an organ which has a specific function. The intestinal wall for example is formed by epithelial tissue and smooth muscle tissue . Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific body function form an organ system, also called a biological system or body system.

search term: hyperpyrexia Wikipedia Page

Fever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with body temperature exceeding the normal range caused by an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus . There is no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values ranging between 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F) in humans.

search term: low confidence Wikipedia Page

Analytic confidence is a rating employed by intelligence analysts to convey doubt to decision makers about a statement of estimative probability . The need for analytic confidence ratings arise from analysts' imperfect knowledge of a conceptual model . An analytic confidence rating pairs with a statement using a word of estimative probability to form a complete analytic statement. Scientific methods for determining analytic confidence remain in infancy.

search term: albedo Wikipedia Page

Albedo ( / æ l ˈ b iː d oʊ / al- BEE -doh ; from Latin albedo ' whiteness ' ) is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body. It is measured on a scale from 0 (corresponding to a black body that absorbs all incident radiation) to 1 (corresponding to a body that reflects all incident radiation). Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of radiosity J _e to the irradiance E _e (flux per unit area) received by a surface. The proportion reflected is not only determined by properties of the surface itself, but also by the spectral and angular distribution of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. These factors vary with atmospheric composition, geographic location, and time (see position of the Sun ).

search term: thermal energy Wikipedia Page

The term " thermal energy " is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. It can denote several different physical concepts, including:

search term: feedback loop Wikipedia Page

search term: social change Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: Paradigm Shifts Wikipedia Page

A paradigm shift is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline . It is a concept in the philosophy of science that was introduced and brought into the common lexicon by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn . Even though Kuhn restricted the use of the term to the natural sciences , the concept of a paradigm shift has also been used in numerous non-scientific contexts to describe a profound change in a fundamental model or perception of events.

search term: Sociology Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: Mauna Loa Observatory Wikipedia Page

Mauna Loa Observatory ( MLO ) is an atmospheric baseline station on Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaiʻi , located in the US state of Hawaii .

search term: mammals Wikipedia Page

A mammal (from Latin mamma ' breast ' ) is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia ( / m ə ˈ m eɪ l i . ə / ). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk -producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair , and three middle ear bones . These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds , from which their ancestors diverged in the Carboniferous Period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,640 extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 27 orders . The study of mammals is called mammalogy .

search term: Flatland Wikipedia Page

Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions is a satirical novella by the English theologian , Anglican priest and schoolmaster Edwin Abbott Abbott , first published in 1884 by Seeley & Co. of London. Written pseudonymously by "A Square", the book used the fictional two-dimensional world of Flatland to satirise the class and gender hierarchies of Victorian society, but the novella's more enduring contribution is its examination of dimensions .

search term: humility Wikipedia Page

Humility is the quality of being humble. The Oxford Dictionary , in its 1998 edition, describes humility as having a low opinion of oneself or not being prideful. However, humility involves having an accurate opinion of oneself and expressing oneself modestly as appropriate, with clear goal orientation, openness, broad-mindedness, and a non-imposing mentality. In a religious context, humility can mean a self-recognition of a deity (i.e. God ) and subsequent submission to that deity as a religious member. Outside of a religious context, humility is defined as being "unselved"—liberated from the consciousness of self—a form of temperance that is neither having pride (or haughtiness) nor indulging in self-deprecation.

search term: carbon dioxide Wikipedia Page

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CO ₂ . It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in a gas state at room temperature and at normally-encountered concentrations it is odorless. As the source of carbon in the carbon cycle , atmospheric CO ₂ is the primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation , acting as a greenhouse gas . Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and is found in groundwater , lakes , ice caps , and seawater .

search term: global temperatures Wikipedia Page

search term: overconsumption Wikipedia Page

Overconsumption describes a situation where consumers overuse their available goods and services to where they cannot, or do not want to, replenish or reuse them. In microeconomics , this is the point where the marginal cost of a consumer is greater than their marginal utility . The term overconsumption is quite controversial and does not necessarily have a single unifying definition. When used to refer to natural resources to the point where the environment is negatively affected, it is synonymous with the term overexploitation . However, when used in the broader economic sense, overconsumption can refer to all types of goods and services, including artificial ones, e.g., "the overconsumption of alcohol can lead to alcohol poisoning ." Overconsumption is driven by several factors of the current global economy , including forces like consumerism , planned obsolescence , economic materialism , and other unsustainable business models, and can be contrasted with sustainable consumption .

search term: extinction event Wikipedia Page

search term: Siberian Traps Wikipedia Page

The Siberian Traps ( Russian : Сибирские траппы , romanized : Sibirskiye trappy ) are a large region of volcanic rock , known as a large igneous province , in Siberia , Russia . Large volumes of basaltic lava covered a large expanse of Siberia in a flood basalt event. The massive eruptive event that formed the traps is one of the largest known volcanic events in the last 500 million years. The eruptions continued for roughly two million years and spanned the Permian – Triassic boundary, or P–T boundary, which occurred around 251.9 million years ago. The Siberian Traps are believed to be the primary cause of the Permian–Triassic extinction event , the most severe extinction event in the geologic record. Subsequent periods of Siberian Traps activity have been linked to smaller biotic crises, including the Smithian-Spathian , Olenekian - Anisian , Middle-Late Anisian, and Anisian- Ladinian extinction events. Today, the area is covered by about 7 million km (3 million sq mi) of basaltic rock, with a volume of around 4 million km (1 million cu mi).

search term: human societies Wikipedia Page

A society ( / s ə ˈ s aɪ ə t i / ) is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory , typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships ( social relations ) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions ; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members.

search term: cows Wikipedia Page

Cattle ( Bos taurus ) are large, domesticated , bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock . They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus Bos . Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls . Young female cattle are called heifers , young male cattle are bullocks , and castrated male cattle are known as oxen or steers .

search term: pigs Wikipedia Page

The pig ( Sus domesticus ), also called swine ( pl. : swine) or hog , is an omnivorous , domesticated , even-toed, hoofed mammal . It is named the domestic pig when distinguishing it from other members of the genus Sus . Some authorities consider it a subspecies of Sus scrofa (the wild boar or Eurasian boar); other authorities consider it a distinct species . Pigs were domesticated in the Neolithic , both in China and in the Near East (around the Tigris Basin ). When domesticated pigs arrived in Europe, they extensively interbred with wild boar but retained their domesticated features.

search term: dogs Wikipedia Page

The dog ( Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris ) is a domesticated descendant of the gray wolf . Also called the domestic dog , it was selectively bred from a population of wolves during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-gatherers . Dogs were the first species to be domesticated over 14,000 years ago, before the development of agriculture . Due to their long association with humans, dogs have gained the ability to thrive on a starch -rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids .

search term: resource consumption Wikipedia Page

Resource consumption is about the consumption of non-renewable , or less often, renewable resources . Specifically, it may refer to:

search term: civilisation Wikipedia Page

search term: ecocide Wikipedia Page

Ecocide (from Greek oikos 'home' and Latin caedere 'to kill') is the destruction of the environment by humans. Ecocide threatens all human populations that are dependent on natural resources for maintaining ecosystems and ensuring their ability to support future generations. The Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide describes it as "unlawful or wanton acts committed with knowledge that there is a substantial likelihood of severe and either widespread or long-term damage to the environment being caused by those acts".

search term: deforestation Wikipedia Page

Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms , ranches , or urban use. About 31% of Earth's land surface is covered by forests at present. This is one-third less than the forest cover before the expansion of agriculture, with half of that loss occurring in the last century. Between 15 million to 18 million hectares of forest, an area the size of Bangladesh , are destroyed every year. On average 2,400 trees are cut down each minute. Estimates vary widely as to the extent of deforestation in the tropics . In 2019, nearly a third of the overall tree cover loss, or 3.8 million hectares, occurred within humid tropical primary forests . These are areas of mature rainforest that are especially important for biodiversity and carbon storage .

search term: wildfires Wikipedia Page

A wildfire , forest fire , or a bushfire is an unplanned and uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation . Some natural forest ecosystems depend on wildfire . Modern forest management often engages in prescribed burns to mitigate fire risk and promote natural forest cycles. However, controlled burns can turn into wildfires by mistake.

search term: Hiroshima Wikipedia Page

Hiroshima ( 広島市 , Hiroshima-shi ; English: / ˌ h ɪr oʊ ˈ ʃ iː m ə / , also UK : / h ɪ ˈ r ɒ ʃ ɪ m ə / , US : / h ɪ ˈ r oʊ ʃ ɪ m ə / , Japanese: [çiɾoɕima] ) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan . As of June 1, 2019 , the city had an estimated population of 1,199,391. The gross domestic product (GDP) in Greater Hiroshima, Hiroshima Urban Employment Area , was US$61.3 billion as of 2010. Kazumi Matsui has been the city's mayor since April 2011. The Hiroshima metropolitan area is the second largest urban area in the Chugoku Region of Japan, following the Okayama metropolitan area.

search term: Nicaragua Wikipedia Page

Nicaragua , officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is the geographically largest country in Central America , comprising 130,370 km (50,340 sq mi). With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America after Guatemala and Honduras .

search term: meteorites Wikipedia Page

A meteorite is a rock that originated in outer space and has fallen to the surface of a planet or moon . When the original object enters the atmosphere, various factors such as friction , pressure, and chemical interactions with the atmospheric gases cause it to heat up and radiate energy. It then becomes a meteor and forms a fireball , also known as a shooting star; astronomers call the brightest examples " bolides ". Once it settles on the larger body's surface, the meteor becomes a meteorite. Meteorites vary greatly in size. For geologists, a bolide is a meteorite large enough to create an impact crater .

search term: streetlights Wikipedia Page

A street light , light pole , lamp pole, lamppost , streetlamp , light standard , or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Similar lights may be found on a railway platform . When urban electric power distribution became ubiquitous in developed countries in the 20th century, lights for urban streets followed, or sometimes led.

search term: Belgium Wikipedia Page

Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Northwestern Europe . Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries , it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the south, and the North Sea to the west. Belgium covers an area of 30,689 km (11,849 sq mi) and has a population of more than 11.8 million; its population density of 383/km (990/sq mi) ranks 22nd in the world and sixth in Europe . The capital and largest metropolitan region is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi , Liège , Bruges , Namur , and Leuven .

search term: steam engine Wikipedia Page

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid . The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder . This pushing force can be transformed by a connecting rod and crank into rotational force for work. The term "steam engine" is most commonly applied to reciprocating engines as just described, although some authorities have also referred to the steam turbine and devices such as Hero's aeolipile as "steam engines". The essential feature of steam engines is that they are external combustion engines , where the working fluid is separated from the combustion products. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle . In general usage, the term steam engine can refer to either complete steam plants (including boilers etc.), such as railway steam locomotives and portable engines , or may refer to the piston or turbine machinery alone, as in the beam engine and stationary steam engine .

A model of a beam engine featuring James Watt's parallel linkage for double action

search term: precious metals Wikipedia Page

Precious metals are rare, naturally occurring metallic chemical elements of high economic value . Precious metals, particularly the noble metals , are more corrosion resistant and less chemically reactive than most elements. They are usually ductile and have a high lustre . Historically, precious metals were important as currency but they are now regarded mainly as investment and industrial raw materials . Gold , silver , platinum , and palladium each have an ISO 4217 currency code.

search term: population density Wikipedia Page

Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density ) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.

Population density (people per square kilometre) by country in 2023

search term: equity Wikipedia Page

The word equity is also used in the names of the following companies and organizations:

search term: Thought experiments Wikipedia Page

A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory . It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.

search term: Blue Marble Wikipedia Page

The Blue Marble is a photograph of Earth taken on December 7, 1972, by Harrison Schmitt aboard the Apollo 17 spacecraft on its way to the Moon . Viewed from around 29,400 km (18,300 mi) from Earth's surface, a cropped and rotated version has become one of the most reproduced images in history.

search term: supernova Wikipedia Page

A supernova ( pl. : supernovae ) is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star . A supernova occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star , or when a white dwarf is triggered into runaway nuclear fusion . The original object, called the progenitor , either collapses to a neutron star or black hole , or is completely destroyed to form a diffuse nebula . The peak optical luminosity of a supernova can be comparable to that of an entire galaxy before fading over several weeks or months.

SN 1994D (bright spot on the lower left), a Type Ia supernova within its host galaxy, NGC 4526

search term: Periodic Table Wikipedia Page

The periodic table , also known as the periodic table of the elements , is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows (" periods ") and columns (" groups "). An icon of chemistry , the periodic table is widely used in physics and other sciences. It is a depiction of the periodic law , which states that when the elements are arranged in order of their atomic numbers an approximate recurrence of their properties is evident. The table is divided into four roughly rectangular areas called blocks . Elements in the same group tend to show similar chemical characteristics.

search term: gravity Wikipedia Page

In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas ' weight ' ), also known as gravitation or a gravitational interaction , is a fundamental interaction , which may be described as the effect of a field that is generated by a gravitational source such as mass.

search term: Entropy Wikipedia Page

Rudolf Clausius (1822–1888), originator of the concept of entropy

search term: mining Wikipedia Page

Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth . Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes , or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Ores recovered by mining include metals , coal , oil shale , gemstones , limestone , chalk , dimension stone , rock salt , potash , gravel , and clay . The ore must be a rock or mineral that contains valuable constituent, can be extracted or mined and sold for profit. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum , natural gas , or even water .

search term: waste Wikipedia Page

Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product , by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value . A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or resource through an invention that raises a waste product's value above zero.

search term: batteries Wikipedia Page

Battery or batterie most often refers to:

search term: mobile phone Wikipedia Page

A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable wireless telephone that allows users to make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while moving within a designated telephone service area, unlike fixed-location phones ( landline phones ). This radio frequency link connects to the switching systems of a mobile phone operator , providing access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephony relies on a cellular network architecture, which is why mobile phones are often referred to as 'cell phones' in North America.

search term: city life Wikipedia Page

City Life may refer to:

search term: capitalist economy Wikipedia Page

search term: connectivity Wikipedia Page

Connectivity may refer to:

search term: security Wikipedia Page

Security is protection from, or resilience against, potential harm (or other unwanted coercion ). Beneficiaries (technically referents ) of security may be persons and social groups, objects and institutions, ecosystems, or any other entity or phenomenon vulnerable to unwanted change.

search term: fossil fuel Wikipedia Page

search term: doctors Wikipedia Page

Doctor most often refers to:

search term: Thibault Wikipedia Page

Thibault is a French personal name and surname, a form of Theobald , a Germanic name composed from the elements theod- "people" and bald "bold".

search term: radiative forcing Wikipedia Page

Radiative forcing (or climate forcing ) is a concept used to quantify a change to the balance of energy flowing through a planetary atmosphere. Various factors contribute to this change in energy balance, such as concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols , and changes in surface albedo and solar irradiance . In more technical terms, it is defined as "the change in the net, downward minus upward, radiative flux (expressed in W/m ) due to a change in an external driver of climate change." These external drivers are distinguished from feedbacks and variability that are internal to the climate system , and that further influence the direction and magnitude of imbalance . Radiative forcing on Earth is meaningfully evaluated at the tropopause and at the top of the stratosphere . It is quantified in units of watts per square meter , and often summarized as an average over the total surface area of the globe.

search term: national government Wikipedia Page

A national government is the government of a nation.

search term: GHG Wikipedia Page

GHG or ghg may stand for:

search term: NDC Wikipedia Page

NDC or ndc may refer to:

search term: national governments Wikipedia Page

A national government is the government of a nation.

search term: populations Wikipedia Page

search term: climate justice Wikipedia Page

Climate justice is a type of environmental justice that focuses on the unequal impacts of climate change on marginalized or otherwise vulnerable populations. Climate justice seeks to achieve an equitable distribution of both the burdens of climate change and the efforts to mitigate climate change through advocacy and policy change. The economic burden of climate change mitigation is estimated by some at around 1% to 2% of GDP . Climate justice examines concepts such as equality , human rights , collective rights , justice and the historical responsibilities for climate change.

search term: COVID19 Wikipedia Page

Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 . In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic .

search term: Versailles Wikipedia Page

The Palace of Versailles ( / v ɛər ˈ s aɪ , v ɜːr ˈ s aɪ / vair- SY , vur- SY ; French : château de Versailles [ʃɑto d(ə) vɛʁsɑj] ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles , about 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of the city centre of Paris , in the Yvelines Department of Île-de-France region in France .

search term: painting Wikipedia Page

Painting is a visual art , which is characterized by the practice of applying paint , pigment , color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or " support "). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush . Other implements, such as palette knives, sponges, airbrushes , the artist's fingers, or even a dripping technique that uses gravity may be used. One who produces paintings is called a painter .

search term: brotherhood Wikipedia Page

Brotherhood or The Brotherhood may refer to:

search term: noble gases Wikipedia Page

The noble gases (historically the inert gases , sometimes referred to as aerogens ) are the members of group 18 of the periodic table : helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn) and, in some cases, oganesson (Og). Under standard conditions , the first six of these elements are odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity and cryogenic boiling points. The properties of oganesson are uncertain.

search term: ideals Wikipedia Page

search term: guillotine Wikipedia Page

A guillotine ( / ˈ ɡ ɪ l ə t iː n / GHIL -ə-teen / ˌ ɡ ɪ l ə ˈ t iː n / GHIL -ə- TEEN / ˈ ɡ i j ə t i n / GHEE -yə-teen ) is an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by beheading . The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with a pillory at the bottom of the frame, holding the position of the neck directly below the blade. The blade is then released, swiftly and forcefully decapitating the victim with a single, clean pass; the head falls into a basket or other receptacle below.

search term: UNHQ Wikipedia Page

The headquarters of the United Nations (UN) is on 17 to 18 acres (6.9 to 7.3 ha) of grounds in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Midtown Manhattan in New York City . It borders First Avenue to the west, 42nd Street to the south, 48th Street to the north, and the East River to the east. Completed in 1952, the complex consists of several structures, including the Secretariat , Conference , and General Assembly buildings, and the Dag Hammarskjöld Library . The complex was designed by a board of architects led by Wallace Harrison and built by the architectural firm Harrison & Abramovitz , with final projects developed by Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier . The term Turtle Bay is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.

search term: solidarity Wikipedia Page

Solidarity or solidarism is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. True solidarity means moving beyond individual identities and single issue politics. Still, solidarity does not reject individuals and sees individuals as the basis of society . It refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. The term is generally employed in sociology and the other social sciences , as well as in philosophy and bioethics . It is a significant concept in Catholic social teaching and in Christian democratic political ideology. Although closely related to the concept of charity , solidarity aspires to change whole systems, not merely to help individuals.

search term: French Wikipedia Page

French or français may refer to:

search term: open government Wikipedia Page

Open government is the governing doctrine which maintains that citizens have the right to access the documents and proceedings of the government to allow for effective public oversight. In its broadest construction, it opposes reason of state and other considerations which have tended to legitimize extensive state secrecy . The origins of open-government arguments can be dated to the time of the European Age of Enlightenment , when philosophers debated the proper construction of a then nascent democratic society . It is also increasingly being associated with the concept of democratic reform. The United Nations ' Sustainable Development Goal 16 , for example, advocates for public access to information as a criterion for ensuring accountable and inclusive institutions.

Welsh Government Health Minister, Vaughan Gething representing the government in February 2021 at a COVID-19 press conferences. All government videos are uploaded on open licences (CC-BY-SA and OGL).

search term: Picasso Wikipedia Page

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker , ceramicist , and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France . One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture , the co-invention of collage , and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War .

search term: greed Wikipedia Page

Greed (or avarice , Latin : avaritia ) is an insatiable desire for material gain (be it food, money, land, or animate/inanimate possessions) or social value, such as status or power .

search term: Entitlement Wikipedia Page

Entitled or Entitlement may refer to:

search term: Third Estate Wikipedia Page

The estates of the realm , or three estates , were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe . Different systems for dividing society members into estates developed and evolved over time.

A 13th-century French representation of the tripartite social order of the Middle Ages – *Oratores* ("those who pray"), *Bellatores* ("those who fight"), and *Laboratores* ("those who work").

search term: global wealth Wikipedia Page

Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions . This includes the core meaning as held in the originating Old English word weal , which is from an Indo-European word stem. The modern concept of wealth is of significance in all areas of economics , and clearly so for growth economics and development economics , yet the meaning of wealth is context-dependent. A person possessing a substantial net worth is known as wealthy . Net worth is defined as the current value of one's assets less liabilities (excluding the principal in trust accounts).

search term: revolutionaries Wikipedia Page

A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution . The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.

search term: metaphor Wikipedia Page

A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, refers to one thing by mentioning another. It may provide clarity or identify hidden similarities between two different ideas. Metaphors are usually meant to create a likeness or an analogy .

search term: homework Wikipedia Page

Homework is a set of tasks assigned to students by their teachers to be completed at home . Common homework assignments may include required reading , a writing or typing project, math problems to be completed, information to be reviewed before a test , or other skills to be practiced.

search term: information Wikipedia Page

Information is an abstract concept that refers to something which has the power to inform . At the most fundamental level, it pertains to the interpretation (perhaps formally ) of that which may be sensed , or their abstractions . Any natural process that is not completely random and any observable pattern in any medium can be said to convey some amount of information. Whereas digital signals and other data use discrete signs to convey information, other phenomena and artifacts such as analogue signals , poems , pictures , music or other sounds , and currents convey information in a more continuous form. Information is not knowledge itself, but the meaning that may be derived from a representation through interpretation.

search term: Japan Wikipedia Page

Japan is an island country in East Asia . Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland , it is bordered to the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands alongside 14,121 smaller islands . Divided into 47 administrative prefectures and eight traditional regions , about 75% of the country's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested, concentrating its agriculture and highly urbanized population along its eastern coastal plains . With a population of over 123 million as of 2025, it is the 11th most populous country . The country's capital and largest city is Tokyo .

search term: Bank of England Wikipedia Page

William, Prince of Wales

search term: inflation Wikipedia Page

In economics , inflation is an increase in the average price of goods and services in terms of money. This increase is measured using a price index, typically a consumer price index (CPI). When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money. The opposite of CPI inflation is deflation , a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. The common measure of inflation is the inflation rate , the annualized percentage change in a general price index .

search term: democratic society Wikipedia Page

search term: solar energy Wikipedia Page

Solar energy is the radiant energy from the Sun 's light and heat , which can be harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar electricity , solar thermal energy (including solar water heating ) and solar architecture . It is an essential source of renewable energy , and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems , concentrated solar power , and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include designing a building for better daylighting , selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-dispersing properties, and organizing spaces that naturally circulate air .

search term: horseshit Wikipedia Page

Bullshit (also bullshite or bullcrap ) is a common English expletive which may be shortened to the euphemism bull or the initialism B.S. In British English , " bollocks " is a comparable expletive. It is mostly a slang term and a profanity which means " nonsense ", especially as a rebuke in response to communication or actions viewed as deceptive , misleading, disingenuous, unfair or false. As with many expletives, the term can be used as an interjection , or as many other parts of speech , and can carry a wide variety of meanings . A person who excels at communicating nonsense on a given subject is sometimes referred to as a "bullshit artist" instead of a "liar".

search term: rates Wikipedia Page

Rate or rates may refer to:

search term: idiocy Wikipedia Page

An idiot , in modern use, is a stupid or foolish person.

search term: violence Wikipedia Page

Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain , injury , disablement , death , damage and destruction . The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power , threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment , or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.

search term: famines Wikipedia Page

search term: zombies Wikipedia Page

A zombie ( Haitian French : zombi ; Haitian Creole : zonbi ; Kikongo : zumbi ) is a mythological undead corporeal revenant created through the reanimation of a corpse . In modern popular culture, zombies appear in horror genre works. The term comes from Haitian folklore , in which a zombie is a dead body reanimated through various methods, most commonly magical practices in religions like Vodou . Modern media depictions of the reanimation of the dead often do not involve magic but rather science fictional methods such as fungi , radiation , gases , diseases , plants , bacteria , viruses , etc.

search term: elephant Wikipedia Page

For extinct genera, see Elephantidae

search term: Africa Wikipedia Page

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia . At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth 's land area and 6% of its total surface area. With nearly 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population . Africa's population is the youngest among all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Based on 2024 projections, Africa's population will exceed 3.8 billion people by 2100. Africa is the least wealthy inhabited continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, ahead of Oceania . Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography , climate , corruption , colonialism , the Cold War , and neocolonialism . Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and a large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context, and Africa has a large quantity of natural resources .

search term: MAPA Wikipedia Page

Mapa or MAPA may refer to:

search term: school textbooks Wikipedia Page

A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study with the intention of explaining it. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, but also of learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.

search term: external costs Wikipedia Page

In economics , an externality is a cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's (or parties') activity. Externalities can be considered as unpriced components that are involved in either consumer or producer consumption. Air pollution from motor vehicles is one example. The cost of air pollution to society is not paid by either the producers or users of motorized transport. Water pollution from mills and factories are another example. All (water) consumers are made worse off by pollution but are not compensated by the market for this damage.

Air pollution from motor vehicles is an example of a negative externality. The costs of the air pollution for the rest of society is not compensated for by either the producers or users of motorized transport.

search term: industries Wikipedia Page

Industry may refer to:

search term: tea Wikipedia Page

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis , an evergreen shrub native to East Asia which originated in the borderlands of south-western China and northern Myanmar . Tea is also made, but rarely, from the leaves of Camellia taliensis and Camellia formosensis. After plain water , tea is the most widely consumed drink in the world. There are many types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes . Tea has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content.

search term: Queen Victoria Wikipedia Page

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death . Her reign of 63 years and 216 days, which was longer than those of any of her predecessors , constituted the Victorian era . It was a period of industrial, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom , and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire . In 1876, the British parliament voted to grant her the additional title of Empress of India .

search term: operating system Wikipedia Page

An operating system ( OS ) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs .

search term: textiles Wikipedia Page

Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fibre-based materials, including fibres, yarns , filaments , threads , and different types of fabric . At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics . However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven are other popular types of fabric manufacturing. In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the material needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets , spacesuits , and doctor's gowns .

Weaving demonstration on an 1830 handloom in the weaving museum in Leiden

search term: World War One Wikipedia Page

World War I , or the First World War , (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War , was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers . Main areas of conflict included Europe and the Middle East , as well as parts of Africa and the Asia-Pacific . The war saw important developments in weaponry including tanks , aircraft , artillery , machine guns, and chemical weapons . One of the deadliest conflicts in history , it resulted in an estimated 30 million military casualties , and 8 million civilian deaths from war-related causes and genocide . The movement of large numbers of people was a major factor in the deadly Spanish flu pandemic.

search term: rice Wikipedia Page

Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population , particularly in Asia and Africa . Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice)—or, much less commonly, Oryza glaberrima (African rice). Asian rice was domesticated in China some 13,500 to 8,200 years ago; African rice was domesticated in Africa about 3,000 years ago. Rice has become commonplace in many cultures worldwide; in 2023, 800 million tons were produced, placing it third after sugarcane and maize . Only some 8% of rice is traded internationally. China, India, and Indonesia are the largest consumers of rice. A substantial amount of the rice produced in developing nations is lost after harvest through factors such as poor transport and storage. Rice yields can be reduced by pests including insects , rodents , and birds , as well as by weeds , and by diseases such as rice blast . Traditional rice polycultures such as rice-duck farming , and modern integrated pest management seek to control damage from pests in a sustainable way.

search term: Churchill Wikipedia Page

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, military officer, and writer who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 ( during the Second World War ) and again from 1951 to 1955. For some 62 of the years between 1900 and 1964, he was a member of parliament (MP) and represented a total of five constituencies over that time. Ideologically an adherent to economic liberalism and imperialism , he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party , which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924.

search term: indigo Wikipedia Page

Indigo is a term used for a number of hues in the region of blue . The word comes from the ancient dye of the same name . The term "indigo" can refer to the color of the dye, various colors of fabric dyed with indigo dye, a spectral color, one of the seven colors of the rainbow as described by Isaac Newton , or a region on the color wheel , and can include various shades of blue, ultramarine , and green-blue. Since the web era, the term has also been used for various purple and violet hues identified as "indigo", based on use of the term "indigo" in HTML web page specifications.

Extract of natural indigo applied to paper

search term: living standards Wikipedia Page

Standard of living is the level of income , comforts and services available to an individual, community or society . A contributing factor to an individual's quality of life , standard of living is generally concerned with objective metrics outside an individual's personal control, such as economic , societal, political, and environmental matters. Individuals or groups use the standard of living to evaluate where to live in the world, or when assessing the success of society.

search term: kleptocracy Wikipedia Page

Kleptocracy (from Greek κλέπτης kléptēs , "thief", or κλέπτω kléptō , "I steal", and -κρατία -kratía from κράτος krátos , "power, rule"), also referred to as thievocracy , is a government whose corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) use political power to expropriate the wealth of the people and land they govern, typically by embezzling or misappropriating government funds at the expense of the wider population. One feature of political-based socioeconomic thievery is that there is often no public announcement explaining or apologizing for misappropriations, nor any legal charges or punishment levied against the offenders.

Detail from *Corrupt Legislation* , painting by Elihu Vedder (1896)

search term: UK citizens Wikipedia Page

The primary legislation governing nationality in the United Kingdom is the British Nationality Act 1981 , which came into force on 1 January 1983. Its provisions apply to the British Islands (comprising the United Kingdom ( England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland ), and the Crown dependencies , of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man ) and the 14 British Overseas Territories .

search term: Mesopotamia Wikipedia Page

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system , in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent . It corresponds roughly to the territory of modern Iraq and forms the eastern geographic boundary of the modern Middle East . Just beyond it lies southwestern Iran , where the region transitions into the Persian plateau , marking the shift from the Arab world to Iran. In the broader sense, the historical region of Mesopotamia also includes parts of present-day Iran (southwest), Turkey (southeast), Syria (northeast), and Kuwait .

search term: capital Wikipedia Page

Capital and its variations may refer to:

search term: Exxon Wikipedia Page

search term: commitment Wikipedia Page

Commitment ( s ) or The Commitment ( s ) may refer to:

search term: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Wikipedia Page

search term: Human Development Index Wikipedia Page

The Human Development Index ( HDI ) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy , education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system ), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development . A country scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul-Haq and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.

World map of Countries scored by HDI — World map of countries or territories by HDI scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2023 data, published in 2025)

≥ 0.950

0.900–0.950

0.850–0.899

0.800–0.849

0.750–0.799

0.700–0.749

0.650–0.699

0.600–0.649

0.550–0.599

0.500–0.549

0.450–0.499

0.400–0.449

≤ 0.399

Data unavailable

search term: UHD Wikipedia Page

search term: Canada Wikipedia Page

Canada is a country in North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the second-largest country by total area , with the longest coastline of any country. Its border with the United States is the longest international land border. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. With a population of over 41 million, it has widely varying population densities, with the majority residing in its urban areas and large areas being sparsely populated. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver .

search term: carbon footprints Wikipedia Page

search term: Portugal Wikipedia Page

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)

search term: food industry Wikipedia Page

The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population . The food industry today has become highly diversified, with manufacturing ranging from small, traditional, family-run activities that are highly labour-intensive, to large, capital-intensive and highly mechanized industrial processes. Many food industries depend almost entirely on local agriculture , animal farms , produce , and/or fishing .

search term: democratic state Wikipedia Page

search term: vested interests Wikipedia Page

Vested interest or Vested interests may refer to:

search term: climate movement Wikipedia Page

search term: budget Wikipedia Page

A budget is a calculation plan, usually but not always financial , for a defined period , often one year or a month. A budget may include anticipated sales volumes and revenues , resource quantities including time, costs and expenses , environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, other impacts, assets , liabilities and cash flows . Companies, governments, families, and other organizations use budgets to express strategic plans of activities in measurable terms.

search term: clarity Wikipedia Page

Clarity may refer to:

search term: social capital Wikipedia Page

Social capital is a concept used in sociology and economics to define networks of relationships which are productive towards advancing the goals of individuals and groups. It involves the effective functioning of social groups through interpersonal relationships , a shared sense of identity , a shared understanding, shared norms , shared values , trust , cooperation , and reciprocity . Some have described it as a form of capital that produces public goods for a common purpose , although this does not align with how it has been measured.

search term: reductions Wikipedia Page

Reductions ( Spanish : reducciones , also called congregaciones ; Portuguese : reduções ) were settlements established by Spanish rulers and Roman Catholic missionaries in Spanish America and the Spanish East Indies (the Philippines ). In Portuguese-speaking Latin America , such reductions were also called aldeias . The Spanish and Portuguese relocated, forcibly in many cases, indigenous inhabitants ( Indians or Indios ) of their colonies into urban settlements modeled on those in Spain and Portugal. The Royal Academy of Spain defines reducción (reduction) as "a grouping into settlement of indigenous people for the purpose of evangelization and assimilation." In colonial Mexico , reductions were called "congregations" ( congregaciones ).

search term: public discourse Wikipedia Page

The public sphere ( German : Öffentlichkeit ) is an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion, influence political action. A "Public" is "of or concerning the people as a whole." Such a discussion is called public debate and is defined as the expression of views on matters that are of concern to the public—often, but not always, with opposing or diverging views being expressed by participants in the discussion. Public debate takes place mostly through the mass media, but also at meetings or through social media, academic publications, and government policy documents.

A coffeehouse discussion in Palestine, c. 1900

search term: Scrat Wikipedia Page

Scrat is a fictional rodent in the Ice Age franchise and the mascot of the now-defunct animation company Blue Sky Studios . In the 2002 film Ice Age plus its follow-up shorts and theatrical sequels, he is a saber-toothed, long-snouted rat -like squirrel with no dialogue who is obsessed with trying to collect and bury his acorn , putting himself in danger and usually losing his food in the process to his frustration. He additionally is a catalyst for major natural disasters that drastically alter the world around him and at times sets the stage for the main conflicts of the films. Scrat's storylines are mostly independent of those of other characters of " the Herd ", though the two do intersect at times. While Scrat is a side character for the theatrical films that he appears in, he is the protagonist of other media such as certain shorts and his own miniseries Ice Age: Scrat Tales . In all of his appearances, his vocal effects were provided by the studio co-founder Chris Wedge , who also directed the first film.

search term: cyclists Wikipedia Page

Cycling , also known as bicycling or biking , is the activity of riding a bicycle or other types of pedal -driven human-powered vehicles such as balance bikes , unicycles , tricycles , and quadricycles . Cycling is practised around the world for purposes including transport , recreation , exercise , and competitive sport .

search term: Amazon Rainforest Wikipedia Page

The Amazon rainforest , also called the Amazon jungle or Amazonia , is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America . This basin encompasses 7 million km (2.7 million sq mi), of which 6 million km (2.3 million sq mi) are covered by the rainforest . This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 indigenous territories .

search term: peloton Wikipedia Page

In a road bicycle race , the peloton (from French , originally meaning ' platoon ' ) is the main group or pack of riders. Riders in a group save energy by riding close ( drafting , or slipstreaming) to (particularly behind) other riders. The reduction in drag is dramatic; riding in the middle of a well-developed group, drag can be reduced by as much as 95%. Exploitation of this potential energy saving leads to complex cooperative and competitive interactions between riders and teams in race tactics. The term is also used to refer to the community of professional cyclists in general.

search term: climate modelling Wikipedia Page

Numerical climate models (or climate system models ) are mathematical models that can simulate the interactions of important drivers of climate . These drivers are the atmosphere , oceans , land surface and ice . Scientists use climate models to study the dynamics of the climate system and to make projections of future climate and of climate change . Climate models can also be qualitative (i.e. not numerical) models and contain narratives, largely descriptive, of possible futures.

search term: Nobel committee Wikipedia Page

A Nobel Committee is a working body responsible for most of the work involved in selecting Nobel Prize laureates. There are six awarding committees from four institutions, one for each Nobel Prize.

search term: human race Wikipedia Page

search term: methane Wikipedia Page

Methane ( US : / ˈ m ɛ θ eɪ n / METH -ayn , UK : / ˈ m iː θ eɪ n / MEE -thayn ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH ₄ (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is a group-14 hydride , the simplest alkane , and the main constituent of natural gas . The abundance of methane on Earth makes it an economically attractive fuel , although capturing and storing it is difficult because it is a gas at standard temperature and pressure . In the Earth's atmosphere methane is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation , acting as a greenhouse gas . Methane is an organic compound , and among the simplest of organic compounds. Methane is also a hydrocarbon .

search term: climate research Wikipedia Page

search term: Butterfly Effect Wikipedia Page

In chaos theory , the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state.

Experimental demonstration of the butterfly effect with six recordings of the same double pendulum . In each recording, the pendulum starts with almost the same initial condition. Over time, the differences in the dynamics grow from almost unnoticeable to drastic.

search term: fluorocarbons Wikipedia Page

Fluorocarbons are chemical compounds with carbon-fluorine bonds . Compounds that contain many C-F bonds often have distinctive properties, e.g., enhanced stability, volatility, and hydrophobicity. Several fluorocarbons and their derivatives are commercial polymers , refrigerants , drugs , and anesthetics .

Beaker with two layers of liquid, goldfish and crab in top, coin sunk in the bottom — Immiscible layers of colored water (top) and much denser perfluoroheptane (bottom) in a beaker; a goldfish and crab cannot penetrate the boundary; coins rest at the bottom.

search term: modesty Wikipedia Page

Modesty , sometimes known as demureness , is a mode of dress and deportment which intends to avoid the encouraging of sexual attraction in others. The word modesty comes from the Latin word modestus which means 'keeping within measure'.

Recreation on a California beach in the first decade of the 20th century, depicting people in modest dress

search term: algae Wikipedia Page

Algae ( / ˈ æ l dʒ iː / AL -jee , UK also / ˈ æ l ɡ iː / AL -ghee ; sg. : alga / ˈ æ l ɡ ə / AL -gə ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not land plants , and includes species from multiple distinct clades . Such organisms range from unicellular microalgae , such as cyanobacteria , Chlorella , and diatoms , to multicellular macroalgae such as kelp or brown algae which may grow up to 50 metres (160 ft) in length. Most algae are aquatic organisms and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata , xylem , and phloem that are found in land plants . The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds . In contrast, the most complex freshwater forms are the Charophyta , a division of green algae which includes, for example, Spirogyra and stoneworts . Algae that are carried passively by water are plankton , specifically phytoplankton .

search term: tipping Wikipedia Page

A gratuity (often called a tip ) is a sum of money customarily given by a customer to certain service sector workers such as hospitality for the service they have performed, in addition to the basic price of the service.

search term: scientific history Wikipedia Page

Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources , primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order to construct an accurate and reliable picture of past events and environments.

search term: Ancient Greeks Wikipedia Page

Ancient Greece ( Ancient Greek : Ἑλλάς , romanized : Hellás ) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity ( c. 600 AD ), that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and communities. Prior to the Roman period , most of these regions were officially unified only once under the Kingdom of Macedon from 338 to 323 BC. In Western history , the era of classical antiquity was immediately followed by the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine period.

search term: negative feedback loops Wikipedia Page

Negative feedback (or balancing feedback ) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.

search term: depression Wikipedia Page

Depression may refer to:

search term: Copernican Revolution Wikipedia Page

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a major shift in the understanding of the cycle of the heavenly spheres . Driven by a desire for a more perfect (i.e. circular) description of the cosmos than the prevailing Ptolemaic model - which posited that the Sun circled a stationary Earth - Copernicus instead advanced a (quasi) heliocentric system where the Sun was located near, though not precisely at, the mathematical center of the heavens. In the 20th century, the science historian Thomas Kuhn characterized the "Copernican Revolution" as the first historical example of a paradigm shift in human knowledge. Both Arthur Koestler and David Wootton , on the other hand, have disagreed with Kuhn about how revolutionary Copernicus' work should be considered.

search term: church Wikipedia Page

search term: Foucault Wikipedia Page

Paul-Michel Foucault ( UK : / ˈ f uː k oʊ / FOO -koh , US : / f uː ˈ k oʊ / foo- KOH ; French: [pɔl miʃɛl fuko] ; 15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984) was a French historian of ideas and philosopher , who was also an author, literary critic , political activist , and teacher. Foucault's theories primarily addressed the relationships between power versus knowledge and liberty , and he analyzed how they are used as a form of social control through multiple institutions. Though often cited as a structuralist and postmodernist , Foucault rejected these labels and sought to critique authority without limits on himself. His thought has influenced academics within a large number of contrasting areas of study, with this especially including those working in anthropology , communication studies , criminology , cultural studies , feminism , literary theory , psychology , and sociology . His efforts against homophobia and racial prejudice as well as against other ideological doctrines have also shaped research into critical theory and Marxism–Leninism alongside other topics.

search term: Inquisition Wikipedia Page

An inquisition was a Catholic judicial procedure in which ecclesiastical judges could initiate, investigate and try cases in their jurisdiction. Popularly the Inquisition became the name for various medieval and reformation -era state-organized tribunals whose aim was to combat heresy , apostasy , blasphemy , witchcraft , and customs considered to be deviant , using this judicial procedure. Violence, isolation, certain torture or the threat of its application, have been used by inquisitions to extract confessions and denunciations. Inquisitions with the aim of combatting religious sedition (e.g. apostasy or heresy) had their start in the 12th-century Kingdom of France , particularly among the Cathars and the Waldensians . The inquisitorial courts from this time until the mid-15th century are together known as the Medieval Inquisition . Other banned groups investigated by medieval inquisitions, which primarily took place in France and Italy , include the Spiritual Franciscans , the Hussites , and the Beguines . Beginning in the 1250s, inquisitors were generally chosen from members of the Dominican Order , replacing the earlier practice of using local clergy as judges.

search term: The Matrix Wikipedia Page

The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film written and directed by the Wachowskis . It is the first installment in the Matrix film series , starring Keanu Reeves , Laurence Fishburne , Carrie-Anne Moss , Hugo Weaving , and Joe Pantoliano . It depicts a dystopian future in which humanity is unknowingly trapped inside the Matrix, a simulated reality created by intelligent machines . Believing computer hacker Neo to be "the One" prophesied to defeat them, Morpheus recruits him into a rebellion against the machines.

search term: social systems Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: Copernicus Wikipedia Page

Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center . Copernicus likely developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos , an ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.

search term: sustainable society Wikipedia Page

The term sustainable society can refer to:

search term: optimism Wikipedia Page

Optimism is the attitude or mindset of expecting events to lead to particularly positive, favorable, desirable, and hopeful outcomes. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point : an optimist is said to see the glass as half full, while a pessimist sees the glass as half empty. In ordinary English, optimism may be synonymous with idealism —often, unrealistic or foolish optimism in particular.

search term: Alabama Wikipedia Page

Alabama ( / ˌ æ l ə ˈ b æ m ə / AL -ə- BAM -ə ) is a state in the Southeastern and Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area , and the 24th-most populous of the 50 U.S. states .

search term: Civil Rights Act Wikipedia Page

Civil Rights Act may refer to several civil right acts in the United States . These acts of the United States Congress are meant to protect rights to ensure individuals ' freedom from infringement by governments , social organizations , and private individuals.

search term: funeral Wikipedia Page

A funeral is a ceremony connected with the final disposition of a corpse, such as a burial or cremation , with the attendant observances. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember and respect the dead, from interment, to various monuments , prayers , and rituals undertaken in their honour. Customs vary between cultures and religious groups. For a dedicated overview of contemporary Australian practices, see Funeral rituals and trends in Australia . Funerals have both normative and legal components. Common secular motivations for funerals include mourning the deceased, celebrating their life, and offering support and sympathy to the bereaved; additionally, funerals may have religious aspects that are intended to help the soul of the deceased reach the afterlife , resurrection or reincarnation .

search term: Litter Wikipedia Page

Litter consists of waste products that have been discarded incorrectly, without consent, at an unsuitable location. The waste are objects, often man-made, such as aluminum cans , paper cups , food wrappers, cardboard boxes or plastic bottles , but also large and hazardous items of rubbish such as tires, electrical appliances, electronics, batteries and large industrial containers are sometimes dumped in isolated locations, such as national forests and other public lands.

search term: conference Wikipedia Page

A conference is a meeting , often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject, or to bring together people who have a common interest. Conferences can be used as a form of group decision-making , although discussion, not always decisions, is the primary purpose of conferences. The term derives from the word confer .

search term: corruption Wikipedia Page

Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense that is undertaken by a person or an organization that is entrusted in a position of authority to acquire illicit benefits or abuse power for one's gain. Corruption may involve activities like bribery , influence peddling , embezzlement , and fraud as well as practices that are legal in many countries, such as lobbying . Political corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain.

search term: fossil fuel subsidies Wikipedia Page

Fossil fuel subsidies are energy subsidies on fossil fuels . Under a narrow definition, fossil fuel subsidies totalled around $1.5 trillion in 2022. Under more expansive definition, they totalled around $7 trillion. They may be tax breaks on consumption , such as a lower sales tax on natural gas for residential heating ; or subsidies on production , such as tax breaks on exploration for oil . Or they may be free or cheap negative externalities ; such as air pollution or climate change due to burning gasoline , diesel and jet fuel . Some fossil fuel subsidies are via electricity generation , such as subsidies for coal-fired power stations .

Fossil-fuel subsidies per capita, 2019. Fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies per capita are measured in constant US dollars.

search term: human systems Wikipedia Page

The human body is the entire structure of a human being . It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems .

search term: climate change impacts Wikipedia Page

Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall warming trend , changes to precipitation patterns , and more extreme weather . As the climate changes it impacts the natural environment with effects such as more intense forest fires , thawing permafrost , and desertification . These changes impact ecosystems and societies, and can become irreversible once tipping points are crossed. Climate activists are engaged in a range of activities around the world that seek to ameliorate these issues or prevent them from happening.

search term: Symbol Wikipedia Page

A symbol is a mark, sign , or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea , object , relationship , or mathematical formula . Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols: for example, a red octagon is a common symbol for " STOP "; on maps , blue lines often represent rivers; and a red rose often symbolizes love and compassion. Numerals are symbols for numbers ; letters of an alphabet may be symbols for certain phonemes ; and personal names are symbols representing individuals. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics .

search term: Jasper Wikipedia Page

Jasper , an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, is an opaque , impure variety of silica , usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron(III) inclusions . Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as a gemstone . It can be highly polished and is used for items such as vases, seals , and snuff boxes . The density of jasper is typically 2.5 to 2.9 g/cm . Jaspillite is a banded-iron-formation rock that often has distinctive bands of jasper.

search term: MLK Wikipedia Page

search term: climate protests Wikipedia Page

Individual action on climate change describes the personal choices that people can make to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of their lifestyles and catalyze climate action . These actions can focus directly on how choices create emissions, such as reducing consumption of meat or flying, or can focus more on inviting political action on climate or creating greater awareness of how society can become greener.

search term: racial justice Wikipedia Page

Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice , systemic racism , and the oppression of specific racial groups . Anti-racism is usually structured around conscious efforts and deliberate actions which are intended to create equal opportunities for all people on both an individual and a systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be engaged in by the acknowledgment of personal privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts include the Black Lives Matter movement and workplace anti-racism.

search term: Emmet Till Wikipedia Page

search term: court case Wikipedia Page

Legal proceeding is an activity that seeks to invoke the power of a tribunal in order to enforce a law. Although the term may be defined more broadly or more narrowly as circumstances require, it has been noted that "[t]he term legal proceedings includes proceedings brought by or at the instigation of a public authority, and an appeal against the decision of a court or tribunal". Legal proceedings are generally characterized by an orderly process in which participants or their representatives are able to present evidence in support of their claims, and to argue in favor of particular interpretations of the law , after which a judge , jury , or other trier of fact makes a determination of the factual and legal issues.

search term: social justice Wikipedia Page

Social justice is justice in relation to the distribution of wealth , opportunities , and privileges within a society where individuals' rights are recognized and protected. In Western and Asian cultures , the concept of social justice has often referred to the process of ensuring that individuals fulfill their societal roles and receive their due from society. In the current movements for social justice, the emphasis has been on the breaking of barriers for social mobility , the creation of safety nets , and economic justice . Social justice assigns rights and duties in the institutions of society, which enables people to receive the basic benefits and burdens of cooperation. The relevant institutions often include taxation , social insurance , public health , public school , public services , labor law and regulation of markets , to ensure distribution of wealth , and equal opportunity .

search term: geese Wikipedia Page

A goose ( pl. : geese ) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae . This group comprises the genera Anser (grey geese and white geese) and Branta (black geese). Some members of the Tadorninae subfamily (e.g., Egyptian goose , Orinoco goose ) are commonly called geese, but are not considered "true geese" taxonomically. More distantly related members of the family Anatidae are swans , most of which are larger than true geese, and ducks , which are smaller.

search term: symbolic meaning Wikipedia Page

In logic , mathematics , computer science , and linguistics , a formal language is a set of strings whose symbols are taken from a set called " alphabet ".

search term: wooden horse Wikipedia Page

Wooden horse may refer to:

search term: Apollo Wikipedia Page

Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology . Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more. One of the most important and complex of the Greek gods, he is the son of Zeus and Leto , and the twin brother of Artemis , goddess of the hunt. He is considered to be the most beautiful god and is represented as the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth). Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu .

search term: Sorites Paradox Wikipedia Page

The sorites paradox ( / s oʊ ˈ r aɪ t iː z / ), sometimes known as the paradox of the heap , is a paradox that results from vague predicates . A typical formulation involves a heap of sand, from which grains are removed individually. With the assumption that removing a single grain does not cause a heap not to be considered a heap anymore, the paradox is to consider what happens when the process is repeated enough times that only one grain remains and if it is still a heap. If not, then the question asks when it changed from a heap to a non-heap.

search term: COP2 Wikipedia Page

The United Nations Climate Change Conferences are yearly conferences held in the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). They serve as the formal meeting of the UNFCCC parties—the conference of the parties (COP)—to assess progress in dealing with climate change , and beginning in the mid-1990s, to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol to establish legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions . Starting in 2005 the conferences have also served as the "Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of Parties to the Kyoto Protocol" (CMP); also parties to the convention that are not parties to the protocol can participate in protocol-related meetings as observers. From 2011 to 2015, the meetings were used to negotiate the Paris Agreement as part of the Durban platform , which created a general path towards climate action . Any final text of a COP must be agreed by consensus.

search term: political campaigns Wikipedia Page

A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group. In democracies , political campaigns often refer to electoral campaigns, by which representatives are chosen or referendums are decided. In modern politics, the most high-profile political campaigns are focused on general elections and candidates for head of state or head of government , often a president or prime minister .

search term: banners Wikipedia Page

A banner is a flag or another piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or another message. A flag whose design is the same as the shield in a coat of arms (but usually in a square or rectangular shape) is a banner of arms . A bar-shaped piece of advertising material sporting a name, slogan, or other marketing message is also a banner. Banners may hang from horizontal or vertical flagpoles, be stretched between two poles, be attached to windows or buildings, or be towed behind aircraft.

search term: irrationality Wikipedia Page

Irrationality is cognition , thinking, talking, or acting without rationality .

search term: cognitive biases Wikipedia Page

A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, and irrationality .

search term: scientific reasoning Wikipedia Page

Models of scientific inquiry have two functions: first, to provide a descriptive account of how scientific inquiry is carried out in practice, and second, to provide an explanatory account of why scientific inquiry succeeds as well as it appears to do in arriving at genuine knowledge. The philosopher Wesley C. Salmon described scientific inquiry:

search term: Democrats Wikipedia Page

Democrat , Democrats , or Democratic may refer to:

search term: forest fires Wikipedia Page

search term: Buddha Wikipedia Page

Siddhartha Gautama , most commonly referred to as the Buddha ( lit. ' the awakened one ' ), was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism . According to Buddhist legends, he was born in Lumbini , in what is now Nepal , to royal parents of the Shakya clan, but renounced his home life to live as a wandering ascetic. After leading a life of mendicancy , asceticism , and meditation, he attained nirvana at Bodh Gaya in what is now India . The Buddha then wandered through the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain , teaching and building a monastic order ( sangha ). Buddhist tradition holds he died in Kushinagar and reached parinirvana ("final release from conditioned existence").

search term: Heuristics Wikipedia Page

search term: red meat Wikipedia Page

In the context of nutrition, red meat is defined as meat obtained from mammals, including beef , pork , lamb , mutton , veal , venison , and goat . Red meat does not necessarily appear red in color.

search term: side dish Wikipedia Page

A side dish , sometimes referred to as a side order , side item , or simply a side , is a food item that accompanies the entrée or main course at a meal .

search term: Instagram Wikipedia Page

Instagram is an American photo and short-form video sharing social networking service owned by Meta Platforms . It allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters , be organized by hashtags , and be associated with a location via geographical tagging . Posts can be shared publicly or with preapproved followers. Users can browse other users' content by tags and locations, view trending content, like photos, and follow other users to add their content to a personal feed . A Meta-operated image-centric social media platform, it is available on iOS , Android , Windows 10, and the web . Users can take photos and edit them using built-in filters and other tools, then share them on other social media platforms like Facebook . It supports 33 languages including English, Hindi, Spanish, French, Japanese, and Korean.

search term: Psychic numbing Wikipedia Page

Psychic numbing is a tendency for individuals or societies to withdraw attention from past experiences that were traumatic , or from future threats that are perceived to have massive consequences but low probability. Psychic numbing can be a response to threats as diverse as financial and economic collapse, the risk of nuclear weapon detonations , pandemics , and global warming . It is also important to consider the neuroscience behind the phenomenon, which gives validation to the observable human behavior . The term has evolved to include both societies as well as individuals, so psychic numbing can be viewed from either a collectivist or an individualist standpoint. Individualist psychic numbing is found in rape survivors and people who have post-traumatic stress disorder .

search term: empires Wikipedia Page

An empire is a realm controlled by an emperor or an empress and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries. The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole ) has political control over the peripheries. Within an empire, different populations may have different sets of rights and may be governed differently. The word "empire" derives from the Roman concept of imperium . Narrowly defined, an empire is a sovereign state whose head of state uses the title of " emperor " or "empress" ; but not all states with aggregate territory under the rule of supreme authorities are called "empires" or are ruled by an emperor; nor have all self-described empires been accepted as such by contemporaries and historians (the Central African Empire of 1976 to 1979, and some Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in early England being examples).

search term: consumer culture Wikipedia Page

Consumerism is a socio-cultural and economic phenomenon that is typical of industrialized societies . It is characterized by the continuous acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing quantities. In contemporary consumer society, the purchase and the consumption of products have evolved beyond the mere satisfaction of basic human needs , transforming into an activity that is not only economic but also cultural, social, and even identity-forming . It emerged in Western Europe and the United States during the Industrial Revolution and became widespread around the 20th century. In economics, consumerism refers to policies that emphasize consumption. It is the consideration that the free choice of consumers should strongly inform the choice by manufacturers of what is produced and how, and therefore influence the economic organization of a society.

search term: Status Quo Bias Wikipedia Page

A status quo bias or default bias is a cognitive bias which results from a preference for the maintenance of one's existing state of affairs. The current baseline (or status quo) is taken as a reference point, and any change from that baseline is perceived as a loss or gain. Corresponding to different alternatives, this current baseline or default option is perceived and evaluated by individuals as a positive.

search term: colonists Wikipedia Page

A settler or colonist is a person who establishes or joins a permanent presence that is separate to existing communities. The entity that settlers establish is a settlement . A settler is called a pioneer if they are among the first settling at a place that is new to the settler community. While settlers can act independently, they may receive support from the government of their nation or its colonial empire , or from a non-governmental organization, as part of a larger campaign.

search term: government Wikipedia Page

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state .

search term: Olive Branch Petition Wikipedia Page

The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775, and signed on July 8, 1775, in a final attempt to avoid war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America. The Congress had already authorized the invasion of Canada more than a week earlier, but the petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated King George III to prevent further conflict. It was followed by the July 6, 1775 Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms , however, which made its success unlikely in London. In August 1775, the colonies were formally declared to be in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion , and the petition was rejected by the British government; King George had refused to read it before declaring the colonists traitors .

search term: CRISPR Wikipedia Page

CRISPR ( / ˈ k r ɪ s p ər / ; acronym of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea . Each sequence within an individual prokaryotic CRISPR is derived from a DNA fragment of a bacteriophage that had previously infected the prokaryote or one of its ancestors. These sequences are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral (i.e. anti- phage ) defense system of prokaryotes and provide a form of heritable, acquired immunity . CRISPR is found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea.

Diagram of the CRISPR prokaryotic antiviral defense mechanism

search term: memory Wikipedia Page

Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded , stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action . If past events could not be remembered, it would be impossible for language, relationships, or personal identity to develop. Memory loss is usually described as forgetfulness or amnesia .

Overview of the forms and functions of memory

search term: Loyalty Wikipedia Page

Loyalty is a devotion to a country , philosophy , group, or person . Philosophers disagree on what can be an object of loyalty, as some argue that loyalty is strictly interpersonal and only another human being can be the object of loyalty. The definition of loyalty in law and political science is the fidelity of an individual to a nation , either one's nation of birth, or one's declared home nation by oath ( naturalization ).

search term: Hartmut Rosa Wikipedia Page

Hartmut Rosa ( German: [ˈʁoːza] ; born August 15, 1965) is a German sociologist and political scientist who is best known for his theory of resonance and temporal sociology of social acceleration .

search term: capitalist culture Wikipedia Page

The culture of capitalism or capitalist culture is the set of social practices, social norms , values and patterns of behavior that are attributed to the capitalist economic system in a capitalist society. Capitalist culture promotes the accumulation of capital and the sale of commodities , where individuals are primarily defined by their relationship to business and the market. The culture is composed of people who, behaving according to a set of learned rules, act as they must act in order to survive in capitalist societies.

search term: piano Wikipedia Page

A piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when its keys are depressed, activating an action mechanism where hammers strike strings . Modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, tuned to a chromatic scale in equal temperament . A musician who specializes in piano is called a pianist .

search term: relations Wikipedia Page

Relation or relations may refer to:

search term: sheep Wikipedia Page

Ovis guineensis Linnaeus, 1758
Ovis strepsiceros Linnaeus, 1758

search term: farmyard animals Wikipedia Page

Livestock are the domesticated animals that are raised in an agricultural setting to provide labor and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat , eggs , milk , fur , leather , and wool . The term is sometimes used to refer solely to animals which are raised for consumption, and sometimes used to refer solely to farmed ruminants , such as cattle , sheep , and goats . Livestock production are mainly a source for farm work and human consumption.

search term: balloon Wikipedia Page

A balloon is a flexible membrane bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium , hydrogen , nitrous oxide , oxygen , or air . For special purposes, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water , granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), or light sources. Modern day balloons are made from materials such as rubber , latex , polychloroprene , or a nylon fabric, and can come in many different colors. Some early balloons were made of dried animal bladders , such as the pig bladder . Some balloons are used for decorative purposes or entertaining purposes, while others are used for practical purposes such as meteorology , medical treatment , military defense , or transportation . A balloon's properties, including its low density and low cost, have led to a wide range of applications.

search term: public knowledge Wikipedia Page

Public Knowledge is an American non-profit public interest group based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 2001 by David Bollier , Gigi Sohn , and Laurie Racine, Public Knowledge is primarily involved in the fields of intellectual property law , competition and choice in the digital marketplace, and an open standards / end-to-end internet .

search term: High Priest Wikipedia Page

The term " high priest " usually refers either to an individual who holds the office of ruler - priest , or to one who is the head of a religious organisation.

Pinedjem II as High Priest of Amun in Thebes. From his *Book of the Dead*

search term: electric car Wikipedia Page

search term: vehicles Wikipedia Page

A vehicle (from Latin vehiculum ) is a machine designed for self- propulsion , usually to transport people, cargo , or both. The term "vehicle" typically refers to land vehicles such as human-powered vehicles (e.g. bicycles , tricycles , velomobiles ), animal-powered transports (e.g. horse-drawn carriages / wagons , ox carts , dog sleds ), motor vehicles (e.g. motorcycles , cars , trucks , buses , mobility scooters ) and railed vehicles ( trains , trams and monorails ), but more broadly also includes cable transport ( cable cars and elevators ), watercraft ( ships , boats and underwater vehicles ), amphibious vehicles (e.g. screw-propelled vehicles , hovercraft , seaplanes ), aircraft ( airplanes , helicopters , gliders and aerostats ) and space vehicles ( spacecraft , spaceplanes and launch vehicles ).

search term: environmental awareness Wikipedia Page

Environmentalism is a broad philosophy , ideology , and social movement about supporting life , habitats , and surroundings. While environmentalism focuses on the environmental and nature-related aspects of green ideology and politics , ecologism combines the ideology of social ecology and environmentalism. Ecologism is a term more commonly used in continental European languages, while environmentalism is more commonly used in English, but the words have slightly different connotations.

search term: copper Wikipedia Page

Copper is a chemical element ; it has symbol Cu (from Latin cuprum ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity . A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color . Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material , and as a constituent of various metal alloys , such as sterling silver used in jewelry , cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins , and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement.

search term: silver Wikipedia Page

Silver is a chemical element ; it has symbol Ag (from Latin argentum ' silver ' ) and atomic number 47. A soft, whitish-gray, lustrous transition metal , it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity , thermal conductivity , and reflectivity of any metal . Silver is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form (" native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite . Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper , gold, lead , and zinc refining .

search term: European Patent Office Wikipedia Page

The European Patent Office ( EPO ) is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg), the other being the Administrative Council . The EPO acts as executive body for the organisation while the Administrative Council acts as its supervisory body as well as, to a limited extent, its legislative body. The actual legislative power to revise the European Patent Convention lies with the Contracting States themselves when meeting at a Conference of the Contracting States.

search term: scientific literacy Wikipedia Page

Scientific literacy or science literacy encompasses written , numerical , and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science , its methodology , observations , and theories . Scientific literacy is chiefly concerned with an understanding of the scientific method , units and methods of measurement , empiricism and understanding of statistics in particular correlations and qualitative versus quantitative observations and aggregate statistics , as well as a basic understanding of core scientific fields, such as physics , chemistry , biology , ecology , geology and computation .

search term: social development Wikipedia Page

Social development can refer to:

search term: Rousse Wikipedia Page

Ruse (also transliterated as Rousse , Russe ; Bulgarian : Русе [ˈrusɛ] ) is the sixth-largest city in Bulgaria . Ruse is in the northeastern part of the country, on the right bank of the Danube , opposite the Romanian city of Giurgiu , approximately 67 km (42 mi) south of Bucharest , Romania 's capital, 172 km (107 mi) from Varna , and 249 km (155 mi) from the capital Sofia . Thanks to its location and its railway and road bridge over the Danube ( Danube Bridge ), it is the most significant Bulgarian river port, serving an important part of the international trade of the country. It is the 12th-largest of all cities on the river Danube .

search term: civil society Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: cuckoo Wikipedia Page

Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( / k juː ˈ k j uː l ɪ d iː / kew- KEW -lih-dee ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( / k j uː ˈ k j uː l ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / kew- KEW -lih-for-meez ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo , roadrunners , koels , malkohas , couas , coucals , and anis . The coucals and anis are sometimes separated as distinct families, the Centropodidae and Crotophagidae , respectively. The cuckoo order Cuculiformes is one of three that make up the Otidimorphae , the other two being the turacos and the bustards . The family Cuculidae contains 150 species, which are divided into 33 genera.

search term: environmental education Wikipedia Page

Environmental education ( EE ) refers to organized efforts to teach how natural environments function, and particularly, how human beings can manage behavior and ecosystems to live sustainably . It is a multi-disciplinary field integrating disciplines such as biology, chemistry, physics, ecology, earth science , atmospheric science , mathematics, and geography .

search term: Netflix Wikipedia Page

Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres, and it is available internationally in multiple languages.

search term: emotions Wikipedia Page

Emotions are physical and mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts , feelings , behavioral responses , and a degree of pleasure or displeasure . There is no scientific consensus on a definition. Emotions are often intertwined with mood , temperament , personality , disposition , or creativity .

search term: lobbying Wikipedia Page

Lobbying is a form of advocacy , which lawfully attempts to directly influence legislators or government officials, such as regulatory agencies or judiciary . Lobbying involves direct, face-to-face contact and is carried out by various entities, including individuals acting as voters , constituents, or private citizens, corporations pursuing their business interests, nonprofits and NGOs through advocacy groups to achieve their missions, and legislators or government officials influencing each other in legislative affairs.

search term: big media Wikipedia Page

Big Media or corporate media may refer to:

search term: Cambridge University Wikipedia Page

The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge , England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the world's third-oldest university in continuous operation . The university's founding followed the arrival of scholars who left the University of Oxford for Cambridge after a dispute with local townspeople. The two ancient English universities, although sometimes described as rivals, share many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge .

search term: complexity Wikipedia Page

Complexity characterizes the behavior of a system or model whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to non-linearity , randomness , collective dynamics , hierarchy , and emergence .

search term: Tenn Wikipedia Page

Tennessee ( / ˌ t ɛ n ɪ ˈ s iː / , locally / ˈ t ɛ n ɪ s i / ), officially the State of Tennessee , is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States . It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the southwest, and Missouri to the northwest. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. According to the United States Census Bureau , the state's estimated population as of 2024 is 7.22 million.

Drawing of Tanasi, Tennessee's namesake, by Henry Timberlake — Detail of Tanasi (spelled "Tennessee") on Henry Timberlake 's *Draught of the Cherokee Country*

search term: Megalosaurus Wikipedia Page

Megalosaurus (meaning "great lizard", from Greek μέγας , megas , meaning 'big', 'tall' or 'great' and σαῦρος , sauros , meaning 'lizard') is an extinct genus of large carnivorous theropod dinosaurs of the Middle Jurassic Epoch ( Bathonian stage, 166 million years ago) of southern England . Although fossils from other areas have been assigned to the genus, the only certain remains of Megalosaurus come from Oxfordshire and date to the late Middle Jurassic .

search term: Pelorosaurus Wikipedia Page

Pelorosaurus ( / p ə ˌ l ɒr oʊ ˈ s ɔːr ə s / pə- LORR -oh- SOR -əs ; meaning "monstrous lizard") is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur . Remains referred to Pelorosaurus date from the Early Cretaceous period, about 140–125 million years ago, and have been found in England . Thomas Holtz estimated its length at 24 m (79 ft). The name Pelorosaurus was one of the first to be given to any sauropod . Many species have been assigned to the genus historically, but most are currently considered to belong to other genera. Problematically, the first named species of Pelorosaurus , P. conybeari , is a junior synonym of Cetiosaurus brevis (now Pelorosaurus brevis ).

search term: dinosaur bones Wikipedia Page

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis , lit. ' obtained by digging ' ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age . Examples include bones , shells , exoskeletons , stone imprints of animals or microbes , objects preserved in amber , hair , petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the fossil record . Though the fossil record is incomplete, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is enough information available to give a good understanding of the pattern of diversification of life on Earth. In addition, the record can predict and fill gaps such as the discovery of Tiktaalik in the arctic of Canada .

search term: Devonian Period Wikipedia Page

The Devonian ( / d ə ˈ v oʊ n i . ən , d ɛ -/ də- VOH -nee-ən, deh- ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon , spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at 419.62 million years ago ( Ma ), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at 358.86 Ma. It is the fourth period of both the Paleozoic and the Phanerozoic. It is named after Devon , South West England , where rocks from this period were first studied.

search term: Oxfordian Age Wikipedia Page

The Oxfordian is, in the ICS ' geologic timescale , the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch , or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series . It spans the time between 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma and 154.8 ± 0.8 Ma (million years ago). The Oxfordian is preceded by the Callovian and is followed by the Kimmeridgian .

search term: dignity Wikipedia Page

Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. In this context, it is of significance in morality , ethics , law and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment -era concepts of inherent, inalienable rights . The term may also be used to describe personal conduct, as in "behaving with dignity".

search term: Natural Selection Wikipedia Page

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in the relative fitness endowed on them by their own particular complement of observable characteristics . It is a key law or mechanism of evolution which changes the heritable traits characteristic of a population or species over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection , which is intentional, whereas natural selection is not.

search term: Arendt Wikipedia Page

Hannah Arendt (born Johanna Arendt ; 14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a German and American historian and philosopher. She was one of the most influential political theorists of the twentieth century.

search term: humour Wikipedia Page

Humour ( Commonwealth English ) or humor ( American English ) is the tendency of experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement . The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks , which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body, known as "humours" ( Latin : humor , "body fluid"), controlled human health and emotion.

search term: book editor Wikipedia Page

Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written , visual , audible , or cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete piece of work.

search term: bullet points Wikipedia Page

In typography , a bullet or bullet point , • , is a typographical symbol used to introduce items in a list . For example:

search term: Nietzsche Wikipedia Page

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German atheist philosopher . He began his career as a classical philologist , turning to philosophy early in his academic career. In 1869, aged 24, Nietzsche became the youngest professor to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel . Plagued by health problems for most of his life, he resigned from the university in 1879, and in the following decade he completed much of his core writing . In 1889, aged 44, he suffered a collapse and thereafter a complete loss of his mental faculties, with paralysis and vascular dementia , living his remaining 11 years under the care of his family until his death. His works and his philosophy have fostered not only extensive scholarship but also much popular interest.

search term: Berlin Wall Wikipedia Page

The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced [bɛʁˌliːnɐ ˈmaʊɐ] ), officially the Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart , was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government of the GDR on 13 August 1961. It included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, beds of nails and other defenses. The primary intention for the Wall's construction was to prevent East German citizens from fleeing to the West .

search term: Easter Island Wikipedia Page

Easter Island ( Spanish : Isla de Pascua , [ˈizla ðe ˈpaskwa] ; Rapa Nui : Rapa Nui , [ˈɾapa ˈnu.i] ) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean , at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania . The island is renowned for its nearly 1,000 extant monumental statues, called moai , which were created by the early Rapa Nui people . In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site , with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park . Easter Island is also the only territory in Polynesia where Spanish is an official language .

search term: ancient Athens Wikipedia Page

Classical Athens , known contemporaneously simply as Athens ( Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι , Athênai [atʰɛ̂ːnai̯] ; Modern Greek : Αθήναι, Athine [aˈθine] ), was the major urban centre of the notable polis ( city-state ) of the same name during the classical period (480–323 BC) of ancient Greece , located in Attica , Greece , leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League . Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras . This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions, it remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (amid the aftermath of the Lamian War ). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved during the Age of Pericles in the 440s and 430s BC.

search term: Pireaus Wikipedia Page

search term: Italy Wikipedia Page

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country in Southern and Western Europe . It consists of a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea , with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands , notably Sicily and Sardinia . Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino . It is the tenth-largest country in Europe by area , covering 301,340 km (116,350 sq mi), and the third-most populous member state of the European Union , with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities include Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Bologna , Florence , Genoa , and Venice .

search term: Hippodamus Wikipedia Page

Hippodamus of Miletus ( / h ɪ ˈ p ɒ d ə m ə s / ; Greek: Ἱππόδαμος ὁ Μιλήσιος, Hippodamos ho Milesios ; c. 480 – 408 BC ) was an ancient Greek architect , urban planner , physician , mathematician , meteorologist and philosopher , who is considered to be "the father of European urban planning ", and the namesake of the "Hippodamian plan" ( grid plan ) of city layout, although rectangular city plans were in use by the ancient Greeks as early as the 8th c. BC.

search term: Sicilian Expedition Wikipedia Page

414 BC reinforcements:

search term: Athenian Wikipedia Page

search term: Athenian society Wikipedia Page

The Athenian Society was an organization founded by John Dunton in 1691 to facilitate the writing and publication of his weekly periodical The Athenian Mercury . Though represented as a large panel of experts, the society reached its peak at four members: Dunton, Dr. John Norris , Richard Sault and Dunton's brother-in-law, Rev. Samuel Wesley . The group would answer the questions of readers about any topic, creating the first advice column . In 1693, for four weeks, The Athenian Society published also The Ladies' Mercury , the first periodical published that was specifically designed just for women .

search term: illusions Wikipedia Page

An illusion is a distortion of the senses , which can reveal how the mind normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation . Although illusions distort the human perception of reality , they are generally shared by most people.

Example of visual illusion: a real gecko hunts the pointer of a mouse , confused with a prey animal

search term: Pythagoras Wikipedia Page

Pythagoras of Samos ( Ancient Greek : Πυθαγόρας ; c. 570 – c. 495 BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher , polymath , and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism . His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato , Aristotle , and, through them, Western philosophy . Modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences, but most agree that he travelled to Croton in southern Italy around 530 BC, where he founded a school in which initiates were allegedly sworn to secrecy and lived a communal, ascetic lifestyle.

search term: societies Wikipedia Page

search term: Omega point Wikipedia Page

The Omega Point is a theorized future event in which the entirety of the universe spirals toward a final point of unification . The term was invented by the French Jesuit Catholic priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955). Teilhard argued that the Omega Point resembles the Christian Logos , namely Christ , who draws all things into himself, who in the words of the Nicene Creed , is "God from God", "Light from Light", "True God from True God", and "through him all things were made". In the Book of Revelation , Christ describes himself three times as " the Alpha and the Omega , the beginning and the end". Several decades after Teilhard's death, the idea of the Omega Point was expanded upon in the writings of John David Garcia (1971), Paolo Soleri (1981), Frank Tipler (1994), and David Deutsch (1997).

search term: postcards Wikipedia Page

A postcard or post card is a piece of thick paper or thin cardboard , typically rectangular, intended for writing and mailing without an envelope . Non-rectangular shapes may also be used but are rare.

search term: graduates Wikipedia Page

Graduate may refer to:

search term: Fibonacci sequence Wikipedia Page

In mathematics, the Fibonacci sequence is a sequence in which each element is the sum of the two elements that precede it. Numbers that are part of the Fibonacci sequence are known as Fibonacci numbers , commonly denoted $F n$ . Many writers begin the sequence with 0 and 1, although some authors start it from 1 and 1 and some (as did Fibonacci ) from 1 and 2. Starting from 0 and 1, the sequence begins

search term: Vermeer Wikipedia Page

Johannes Vermeer ( / v ər ˈ m ɪər , v ər ˈ m ɛər / vər- MEER , vər- MAIR , Dutch: [joːˈɦɑnəs fərˈmeːr] ; see below ; also known as Jan Vermeer ; October 1632 – 15 December 1675) was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life. He is considered one of the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age . During his lifetime, he was a moderately successful provincial genre painter , recognized in Delft and The Hague . He produced relatively few paintings, primarily earning his living as an art dealer. He was not wealthy; at his death, his wife was left in debt.

search term: Platonic Academy Wikipedia Page

37°59′33″N 23°42′29″E / 37.99250°N 23.70806°E

search term: statistics Wikipedia Page

Statistics (from German : Statistik , orig. "description of a state , a country" ) is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data . In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups of people or objects such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with every aspect of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments .

search term: Delphic Oracle Wikipedia Page

Pythia ( / ˈ p ɪ θ i ə / ; Ancient Greek : Πυθία [pyːˈtʰíaː] ) was the title of the high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi in central Greece . She served as its oracle and was known as the Oracle of Delphi . Her title was sometimes historically glossed in English as the Pythoness .

search term: Entrepreneurship Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

Emil Jellinek-Mercedes (1853–1918), here at the steering wheel of his Phoenix Double-Phaeton

search term: Joint Research Centre Wikipedia Page

The Joint Research Centre ( JRC ) is the European Commission 's science and knowledge service which employs scientists to carry out research in order to provide independent scientific advice and support to European Union (EU) policy.

The logo of the JRC.

search term: Climatic Research Unit Wikipedia Page

The Climatic Research Unit ( CRU ) is a component of the University of East Anglia and is one of the leading institutions concerned with the study of natural and anthropogenic climate change .

search term: Equator Wikipedia Page

The equator is the circle of latitude that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres . It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude , about 40,075 km (24,901 mi) in circumference, halfway between the North and South poles. The term can also be used for any other celestial body that is roughly spherical.

search term: Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency Wikipedia Page

The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency ( Dutch : Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving - abbr. PBL ) is a Dutch research institute that advises the Dutch government on environmental policy and regional planning issues. Operating as an autonomous entity within the Dutch Government organization, specifically under the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management . While primarily associated with the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, PBL's expertise is also sought by other government departments, including the Ministry of Economic Affairs , the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations , the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature , and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . The research fields include sustainable development , energy and climate change , biodiversity , transport , land use , and air quality . It is one of three applied policy research institutes of the Dutch government, the other two being Centraal Planbureau (CPB), and The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP). Since January 2023 Marko Hekkert is director of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.

search term: earth surface Wikipedia Page

search term: peasants Wikipedia Page

A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves , semi-free serfs , and free tenants . Peasants might hold title to land outright ( fee simple ), or by any of several forms of land tenure , among them socage , quit-rent , leasehold , and copyhold .

Young women offer berries to visitors to their *izba* home, 1909. Those who had been serfs among the Russian peasantry were officially emancipated in 1861 . Photograph by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky .

search term: deaths Wikipedia Page

Death is the end of life , the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism . Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Some organisms, such as Turritopsis dohrnii , are biologically immortal ; however, they can still die from means other than aging . Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the equivalent for individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues , is necrosis . Something that is not considered an organism can be physically destroyed but is not said to die, as it is not considered alive in the first place.

search term: genocide Wikipedia Page

Genocide is violence that targets individuals because of their membership of a group and aims at the destruction of a people . Raphael Lemkin , who coined the term, defined genocide as "the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group" by means such as "the disintegration of [its] political and social institutions, of [its] culture , language , national feelings, religion , and [its] economic existence". During the struggle to ratify the Genocide Convention , powerful countries restricted Lemkin's definition to exclude their own actions from being classified as genocide, ultimately limiting it to any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy , in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group". While there are many scholarly definitions of genocide , almost all international bodies of law officially adjudicate the crime of genocide pursuant to the Genocide Convention.

search term: WW1 Wikipedia Page

search term: Superstructure Wikipedia Page

A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline. This term is applied to various kinds of physical structures such as buildings , bridges , or ships .

search term: Alienation Wikipedia Page

Alienation may refer to:

search term: Wollstonecraft Wikipedia Page

Mary Wollstonecraft ( / ˈ w ʊ l s t ən k r æ f t / , also UK : /- k r ɑː f t / ; 27 April 1759 – 10 September 1797) was an English writer and philosopher best known for her advocacy of women's rights . Until the late twentieth century, Wollstonecraft's life, which encompassed several unconventional (at the time) personal relationships, received more attention than her writing. Wollstonecraft is regarded as one of the founding feminist philosophers , and feminists often cite both her life and her works as important influences.

search term: Romanticism Wikipedia Page

Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era ) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. The purpose of the movement was to advocate for the importance of subjectivity , imagination, and appreciation of nature in society and culture in response to the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution .

search term: Open Society Wikipedia Page

Open society ( French : société ouverte ) is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in 1932, and describes a dynamic system inclined to moral universalism . Bergson contrasted an open society with what he called a closed society , a closed system of law, morality or religion. Bergson suggests that if all traces of civilization were to disappear, the instincts of the closed society for including or excluding others would remain.

search term: Literacy Wikipedia Page

Literacy is the ability to read and write, while illiteracy refers to an inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of literacy as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was understood solely as alphabetical literacy (word and letter recognition); and the period after 1950, when literacy slowly began to be considered as a wider concept and process, including the social and cultural aspects of reading, writing, and functional literacy .

search term: numeracy Wikipedia Page

Numeracy is the ability to understand, reason with, and apply simple numerical concepts; it is the numerical counterpart of literacy . The charity National Numeracy states: "Numeracy means understanding how mathematics is used in the real world and being able to apply it to make the best possible decisions...It's as much about thinking and reasoning as about 'doing sums'". Basic numeracy skills consist of comprehending fundamental arithmetical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. For example, if one can understand simple mathematical equations such as 2 + 2 = 4, then one would be considered to possess at least basic numeric knowledge. Substantial aspects of numeracy also include number sense , operation sense, computation, measurement , geometry , probability and statistics . A numerically literate person can manage and respond to the mathematical demands of life.

search term: sport Wikipedia Page

Sport is a physical activity or game , often competitive and organized , that maintains or improves physical ability and skills . Sport may provide enjoyment to participants and entertainment to spectators. The number of participants in a particular sport can vary from hundreds of people to a single individual.

Sport in childhood . Association football , shown above, is a team sport which also provides opportunities to nurture physical fitness and social interaction skills.

search term: Norse mythology Wikipedia Page

Norse , Nordic , or Scandinavian mythology , is the body of myths belonging to the North Germanic peoples , stemming from Old Norse religion and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia as the Nordic folklore of the modern period. The northernmost extension of Germanic mythology and stemming from Proto-Germanic folklore , Norse mythology consists of tales of various deities, beings, and heroes derived from numerous sources from both before and after the pagan period, including medieval manuscripts, archaeological representations, and folk tradition. The source texts mention numerous gods such as the thunder-god Thor , the raven -flanked god Odin , the goddess Freyja , and numerous other deities .

The Tjängvide image stone with illustrations from Norse mythology

search term: mitochondrial DNA Wikipedia Page

Mitochondrial DNA ( mDNA or mtDNA ) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus , and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids , such as chloroplasts . Mitochondrial DNA is responsible for coding of 13 essential subunits of the complex oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system which has a role in cellular energy conversion.

search term: San Marino Wikipedia Page

in Europe (dark grey)

search term: subtraction Wikipedia Page

Subtraction (which is signified by the minus sign , –) is one of the four arithmetic operations along with addition , multiplication and division . Subtraction is an operation that represents removal of objects from a collection. For example, in the adjacent picture, there are 5 − 2 peaches—meaning 5 peaches with 2 taken away, resulting in a total of 3 peaches. Therefore, the difference of 5 and 2 is 3; that is, 5 − 2 = 3 . While primarily associated with natural numbers in arithmetic , subtraction can also represent removing or decreasing physical and abstract quantities using different kinds of objects including negative numbers , fractions , irrational numbers , vectors , decimals, functions, and matrices.

" 5 − 2 = 3" (verbally, "five minus two equals three")

search term: mature students Wikipedia Page

An adult learner —or, more commonly, a mature student or mature-age student —is a person who is older and is involved in forms of learning. Adult learners fall in a specific criterion of being experienced, and do not always have a high school diploma. Many adult learners go back to school to finish a degree, or earn a new one.

search term: bluntness Wikipedia Page

search term: WTH Wikipedia Page

Wth or WTH may refer to:

search term: Catholic Church Wikipedia Page

The Catholic Church ( Latin : Ecclesia Catholica ), also known as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization .

search term: postage stamps Wikipedia Page

A postage stamp is a small piece of paper issued by a post office , postal administration , or other authorized vendors to customers who pay postage (the cost involved in moving, insuring, or registering mail). Then the stamp is affixed to the face or address-side of any item of mail —an envelope or other postal cover (e.g., packet, box, mailing cylinder)—which they wish to send. The item is then processed by the postal system, where a postmark or cancellation mark—in modern usage indicating date and point of origin of mailing—is applied to the stamp and its left and right sides to prevent its reuse. Next the item is delivered to its address.

search term: YouTube channel Wikipedia Page

YouTube is an American online video sharing platform owned by Google . YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Chad Hurley , Jawed Karim , and Steve Chen , who were former employees of PayPal . Headquartered in San Bruno, California , it is the second-most-visited website in the world, after Google . In January 2024, YouTube had more than 2.7 billion monthly active users , who collectively watched more than one billion hours of videos every day. As of May 2019 , videos were being uploaded to the platform at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute, and as of mid-2024 , there were approximately 14.8 billion videos in total.

search term: system collapse Wikipedia Page

The Murderbot Diaries is a science fiction series by American author Martha Wells , published by Tor Books . The series is told from the perspective of the titular cyborg guard, a "SecUnit" owned by a futuristic megacorporation . SecUnits include "governor" modules that control and punish the constructs if they take any actions not approved by the company. The ironically self-named "Murderbot" hacked and disabled the module but pretends to be a normal SecUnit, staving off the boredom of security work by watching media. As it spends more time with a series of caring entities (both humans and artificial intelligences ), it develops genuine friendships and emotional connections, which it finds inconvenient.

search term: lunchtime Wikipedia Page

Lunch is a meal typically consumed around the middle of the day, following breakfast and preceding dinner . It varies in form, size, and significance across cultures and historical periods. In some societies, lunch constitutes the main meal of the day and may consist of multiple courses, while in others it is lighter and more utilitarian in nature. The foods consumed at lunch differ widely according to local dietary customs, ranging from simple items such as sandwiches or salads to more elaborate meals involving rice, noodles , or soups . Regional and cultural practices continue to shape lunch traditions, which are further influenced by factors such as religion, geography, and economic context.

search term: English teachers Wikipedia Page

search term: ecological issues Wikipedia Page

Environmental issues are disruptions in the usual function of ecosystems . Further, these issues can be caused by humans ( human impact on the environment ) or they can be natural. These issues are considered serious when the ecosystem cannot recover in the present situation, and catastrophic if the ecosystem is projected to certainly collapse.

Water pollution is an environmental issue that affects many water bodies. This photograph shows foam on the New River as it enters the United States from Mexico.

search term: metaphors Wikipedia Page

search term: Durham University Wikipedia Page

The University of Durham , which operates under the trading name of Durham University , is a collegiate public research university in Durham, England , founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and incorporated by royal charter in 1837. It was the first recognised university to open in England for more than 600 years, after Oxford and Cambridge , and is thus the third-oldest university in England . As a collegiate university, its main functions are divided between the academic departments of the university and its 17 colleges . In general, the departments perform research and provide teaching to students, while the colleges are responsible for their domestic arrangements and welfare.

search term: River Wear Wikipedia Page

The River Wear ( / ˈ w ɪər / , WEER ) in Northern England rises in the Pennines and flows eastwards, mostly through County Durham , to the North Sea in the City of Sunderland . At 60 mi (97 km) long, it is one of the region's longest rivers. The Wear wends in a steep valley through the cathedral city of Durham and gives its name to Weardale in its upper reach and Wearside by its mouth.

search term: timbers Wikipedia Page

Lumber , also called timber in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards . Lumber is mainly used for construction framing , as well as finishing (floors, wall panels , window frames ). Lumber has many uses beyond home building. In some parts of the world, including the United States and Canada, the term timber refers specifically to unprocessed wood fiber , such as cut logs or standing trees that have yet to be cut.

search term: bowls Wikipedia Page

Bowls , also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling , is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one.

search term: Room Wikipedia Page

In a building or a ship , a room is any enclosed space within a number of walls to which entry is possible only via a door or other dividing structure. The entrance connects it to either a passageway , another room, or the outdoors. The space is typically large enough for several people to move about. The size, fixtures, furnishings, and sometimes placement of the room within the building or ship (or sometimes a train) support the activity to be conducted in it.

search term: Archive Wikipedia Page

An archive is an accumulation of historical records or materials , in any medium, or the physical facility in which they are located.

search term: Sheffield Hallam University Wikipedia Page

Sheffield Hallam University ( SHU ) is a public research university in Sheffield , South Yorkshire , England. The university is based on two sites; the City Campus is located in the city centre near Sheffield railway station , while the Collegiate Crescent Campus is about two miles away in the Broomhall Estate off Ecclesall Road in south-west Sheffield. A third campus at Brent Cross Town in the London Borough of Barnet is expected to open for the 2025–26 academic year.

search term: puzzle Wikipedia Page

A puzzle is a game , problem , or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge . In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together ( or take them apart ) in a logical way, in order to find the solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles , word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, and logic puzzles. The academic study of puzzles is called enigmatology .

search term: Jesus Wikipedia Page

Jesus ( c. 6 to 4 BC – AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ , Jesus of Nazareth , and many other names and titles , was a 1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader in the Roman province of Judaea . He is the central figure of Christianity , the world's largest religion . Most Christians consider Jesus to be the incarnation of God the Son and awaited messiah , or Christ , a descendant from the Davidic line that is prophesied in the Old Testament . Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically . Accounts of Jesus's life are contained in the Gospels , especially the four canonical Gospels in the New Testament . Since the Enlightenment , academic research has yielded various views on the historical reliability of the Gospels and how closely they reflect the historical Jesus .

search term: synergies Wikipedia Page

Synergy is the concept that a combined effect of two or more entities is greater than the sum of their individual effects. The term synergy comes from the Attic Greek word συνεργία synergia from synergos , συνεργός , meaning "working together". Synergy is similar in concept to emergence .

search term: synergy Wikipedia Page

search term: religious symbolism Wikipedia Page

A religious symbol is an iconic representation intended to represent a specific religion , or a specific concept within a given religion.

search term: coal mines Wikipedia Page

Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground or from a mine . Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity . The Steel industry uses coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and the and cement industry for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa , a coal mine and its structures are a colliery , a coal mine is called a "pit", and above-ground mining structures are referred to as a " pit head ". In Australia , "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine.

search term: oil tankers Wikipedia Page

An oil tanker , also known as a petroleum tanker , is a ship designed for the bulk transport of oil or its products. There are two basic types of oil tankers: crude tankers and product tankers . Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries . Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move refined products from refineries to points near consuming markets.

search term: pipelines Wikipedia Page

A pipeline is a system of pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. Industry datasets indicate the length of the global trunk/transmission pipeline network is on the order of ~2.19 million km by 2025 , with North America accounting for ~44%. The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 76% of all pipeline were in these three countries . The main attribute to pollution from pipelines is caused by corrosion and leakage.

search term: conference room Wikipedia Page

A conference hall , conference room , or meeting room is a room provided for singular events such as business conferences and meetings .

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search term: hurricane Katrina Wikipedia Page

Hurricane Katrina was an extremely powerful and devastating tropical cyclone that killed 1,392 people and caused damage estimated at $125 billion, particularly in and around the city of New Orleans , in late August 2005. It is tied with Hurricane Harvey as being the costliest tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin . Katrina was the twelfth tropical cyclone, the fifth hurricane, the third major hurricane , and the second Category 5 hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season . It was also the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane to make landfall in the contiguous United States , as measured by barometric pressure .

search term: Polar Vortex Wikipedia Page

Polar Vortex is a 2020 novel by Canadian author Shani Mootoo .

search term: bike Wikipedia Page

A bicycle , also called a pedal cycle , bike , push-bike or cycle , is a human-powered or motor-assisted , pedal-driven , single-track vehicle , with two wheels attached to a frame , one behind the other. A bicycle rider is called a cyclist, or bicyclist.

search term: phytoplankton Wikipedia Page

Phytoplankton ( / ˌ f aɪ t oʊ ˈ p l æ ŋ k t ə n / ) are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems . The name comes from Ancient Greek φυτόν ( phutón ), meaning " plant ", and πλαγκτός ( planktós ), meaning "drifter, wanderer, roamer", and thus, "plant drifter".

Global distribution of ocean phytoplankton – NASA

This visualization shows a model simulation of the dominant phytoplankton types averaged over the period 1994–1998. * Red = diatoms (big phytoplankton, which need silica) * Yellow = flagellates (other big phytoplankton) * Green = prochlorococcus (small phytoplankton that cannot use nitrate) * Cyan = synechococcus (other small phytoplankton) Opacity indicates concentration of the carbon biomass. In particular, the role of the swirls and filaments (mesoscale features) appear important in maintaining high biodiversity in the ocean.

search term: probiotics Wikipedia Page

Probiotics are live microorganisms in foods intended to improve or restore microbiota in the gut . Probiotic products include yogurt , cheese , some fermented foods , such as sourdough bread and nattō , dietary supplements , and clinical capsules containing a specific probiotic strain.

search term: pine trees Wikipedia Page

See List of Pinus species for complete taxonomy to species level. See list of pines by region for list of species by geographic distribution .

search term: educators Wikipedia Page

A teacher , also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator , is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge , competence, or virtue , via the practice of teaching .

search term: older Wikipedia Page

Older is the comparative form of " old ". It may refer to:

search term: human science Wikipedia Page

Human science (or human sciences in the plural) studies the philosophical, biological , social, justice, and cultural aspects of human life. Human science aims to expand the understanding of the human world through a broad interdisciplinary approach. It encompasses a wide range of fields - including history , philosophy , sociology , psychology , justice studies, evolutionary biology , biochemistry , neurosciences , folkloristics , and anthropology . It is the study and interpretation of the experiences, activities, constructs, and artifacts associated with human beings. The study of human sciences attempts to expand and enlighten the human being's knowledge of its existence, its interrelationship with other species and systems, and the development of artifacts to perpetuate the human expression and thought . It is the study of human phenomena . The study of the human experience is historical and current in nature. It requires the evaluation and interpretation of the historic human experience and the analysis of current human activity to gain an understanding of human phenomena and to project the outlines of human evolution . Human science is an objective , informed critique of human existence and how it relates to reality .Underlying human science is the relationship between various humanistic modes of inquiry within fields such as history , sociology , folkloristics , anthropology , and economics and advances in such things as genetics , evolutionary biology , and the social sciences for the purpose of understanding our lives in a rapidly changing world. Its use of an empirical methodology that encompasses psychological experience in contrasts with the purely positivistic approach typical of the natural scien ces which exceeds all methods not based solely on sensory observations. Modern approaches in the human sciences integrate an understanding of human structure, function on and adaptation with a broader exploration of what it means to be human. The term is also used to distinguish not only the content of a field of study from that of the natural science, but also its methodology.

search term: climate scientists Wikipedia Page

This list of climate scientists contains famous or otherwise notable persons who have contributed to the study of climate science . The list is compiled manually, so will not be complete, up to date, or comprehensive. The list includes scientists from several specialities or disciplines.

search term: political autonomy Wikipedia Page

Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency ) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies. Political freedom has been described as freedom from oppression or coercion, the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions, or the absence of life conditions of compulsion in society, such as economic compulsion.

search term: strategic communication Wikipedia Page

Strategic communication is the purposeful use of communication by an organization to reach a specific goal. Organizations like governments , corporations , NGOs and militaries seeking to communicate a concept , process , or data to satisfy their organizational or strategic goals will use strategic communication. The modern process features advanced planning , international telecommunications , and dedicated global network assets. Targeted organizational goals can include commercial , non-commercial , military business , combat , political warfare and logistic goals. Strategic communication can either be internal or external to the organization. The interdisciplinary study of strategic communications includes organizational communication , management , military history , mass communication , PR , advertising and marketing .

search term: Citizenship Wikipedia Page

Citizenship is a membership and allegiance to a sovereign state .

search term: graphs Wikipedia Page

search term: biotechnology Wikipedia Page

Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services. Specialists in the field are known as biotechnologists .

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search term: Vitamin B12 Wikipedia Page

Vitamin B ₁₂ , also known as cobalamin or extrinsic factor , is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism . One of eight B vitamins , it serves as a vital cofactor in DNA synthesis and both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism . It plays an essential role in the nervous system by supporting myelin synthesis and is critical for the maturation of red blood cells in the bone marrow . While animals require B ₁₂ , plants do not, relying instead on alternative enzymatic pathways.

search term: scientific enquiry Wikipedia Page

The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has been referred to while doing science since at least the 17th century. Historically, it was developed through the centuries from the ancient and medieval world. The scientific method involves careful observation coupled with rigorous skepticism , because cognitive assumptions can distort the interpretation of the observation . Scientific inquiry includes creating a testable hypothesis through inductive reasoning , testing it through experiments and statistical analysis, and adjusting or discarding the hypothesis based on the results.

search term: English school master Wikipedia Page

The English Schoole-Maister: Teaching all his schollers, the order of distinct reading, and true writing our English tongue is an English dictionary compiled by Edmund Coote , former Headmaster of King Edward VI School , Bury St Edmunds, and first published in London in 1596. At least 40 editions were published between its first publication and the end of the 17th century.

search term: human perception Wikipedia Page

Perception (from Latin perceptio ' gathering, receiving ' ) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information, in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment. All perception involves signals that go through the nervous system , which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sensory system . Vision involves light striking the retina of the eye ; smell is mediated by odor molecules ; and hearing involves pressure waves .

The Necker cube and Rubin vase can be perceived in more than one way.

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search term: Grand Council Wikipedia Page

Grand Council may refer to:

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search term: scientific instruments Wikipedia Page

A scientific instrument is a device or tool used for scientific purposes, including the study of both natural phenomena and theoretical research.

search term: bipedal mammals Wikipedia Page

Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an animal moves by means of its two rear (or lower) limbs or legs . An animal or machine that usually moves in a bipedal manner is known as a biped / ˈ b aɪ p ɛ d / , meaning 'two feet' (from Latin bis 'double' and pes 'foot'). Types of bipedal movement include walking or running (a bipedal gait ) and hopping .

search term: forecast Wikipedia Page

Forecast or derived words may refer to:

search term: thermostat Wikipedia Page

A thermostat is a regulating device component which senses the temperature of a physical system and performs actions so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint .

search term: elevated temperature Wikipedia Page

search term: organisms Wikipedia Page

An organism is any living thing that functions as an individual . Such a definition raises more problems than it solves, not least because the concept of an individual is also difficult. Several criteria, few of which are widely accepted, have been proposed to define what constitutes an organism. Among the most common is that an organism has autonomous reproduction , growth , and metabolism . This would exclude viruses , even though they evolve like organisms.

One criterion proposes that an organism cannot be divided without losing functionality. This basil plant cutting is however developing new adventitious roots from a small bit of stem , forming a new plant.

search term: global average temperature Wikipedia Page

search term: Death Valley Wikipedia Page

Death Valley ( Panamint : Tümpisa [tɨmbiʃa] ) is a desert valley in Eastern California , United States, in the northern Mojave Desert , bordering the Great Basin Desert . It is thought to be the hottest place on Earth during summer.

search term: media attention Wikipedia Page

In marketing , publicity is the public visibility or awareness for any product , service , person or organization . It may also refer to the movement of information from its source to the general public , often (but not always) via the media . The subjects of publicity include people of public recognition , goods and services , organizations, and works of art or entertainment.

search term: meteorologists Wikipedia Page

A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather . Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists .

search term: insurance companies Wikipedia Page

Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss in which, in exchange for a fee , a party agrees to compensate another party in the event of a certain loss, damage, or injury. It is a form of risk management , primarily used to protect against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss.

search term: abstraction Wikipedia Page

Abstraction is the process of generalizing rules and concepts from specific examples, literal ( real or concrete ) signifiers , first principles , or other methods. The result of the process, an abstraction, is a concept that acts as a common noun for all subordinate concepts and connects any related concepts as a group, field, or category.

search term: Polar Front Wikipedia Page

In meteorology , the polar front is the weather front boundary between the polar cell and the Ferrel cell around the 60° latitude , near the polar regions , in both hemispheres . At this boundary a sharp gradient in temperature occurs between these two air masses , each at very different temperatures .

Atmospheric circulation diagram, showing the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, the Polar cell, and the various upwelling and subsidence zones between them

search term: Google Wikipedia Page

Google LLC ( / ˈ ɡ uː . ɡ əl / , GOO -gəl ) is an American multinational technology corporation focused on information technology , online advertising , search engine technology, email , cloud computing , software , quantum computing , e-commerce , consumer electronics , and artificial intelligence (AI). It has been referred to as "the most powerful company in the world" by the BBC , and is one of the world's most valuable brands . Google's parent company, Alphabet Inc. , is considered part of the Big Tech group, alongside Nvidia , Microsoft , Apple , Amazon , and Meta .

search term: university students Wikipedia Page

A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution , or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

search term: educational standards Wikipedia Page

Learning standards (also called academic standards , content standards and curricula ) are elements of declarative, procedural, schematic, and strategic knowledge that, as a body, define the specific content of an educational program. Standards are usually composed of statements that express what a student knows, can do, or is capable of performing at a certain point in their "learning progression" (often designated by "grade", "class level", or its equivalent).

search term: vampire Wikipedia Page

A vampire is a mythical creature that subsists by feeding on the vital essence (generally in the form of blood ) of the living. In European folklore , vampires are undead humanoid creatures that often visited loved ones and caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods which they inhabited while they were alive. They wore shrouds and were often described as bloated and of ruddy or dark countenance, markedly different from today's gaunt, pale vampire which dates from the early 19th century.

search term: temperature Wikipedia Page

Temperature quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness . Temperature is measured with a thermometer . It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making up a substance.

search term: heat energy Wikipedia Page

In thermodynamics , heat is energy in transfer between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings by such mechanisms as thermal conduction , electromagnetic radiation , and friction , which are microscopic in nature, involving sub-atomic, atomic, or molecular particles, or small surface irregularities, as distinct from the macroscopic modes of energy transfer, which are thermodynamic work and transfer of matter. For a closed system (transfer of matter excluded), the heat involved in a process is the difference in internal energy between the final and initial states of a system, after subtracting the work done in the process. For a closed system, this is the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics .

search term: molecules Wikipedia Page

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds ; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics , organic chemistry , and biochemistry , the distinction from ions is dropped and molecule is often used when referring to polyatomic ions .

search term: carbon dioxide levels Wikipedia Page

In the atmosphere of Earth , carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect , carbon cycle , photosynthesis , and oceanic carbon cycle . It is one of three main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth . The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) in the atmosphere reached 427 ppm (0.0427%) on a molar basis in 2024, representing 3341 gigatonnes of CO ₂ . This is an increase of 50% since the start of the Industrial Revolution , up from 280 ppm during the 10,000 years prior to the mid-18th century. The increase is due to human activity .

search term: Industrial age Wikipedia Page

The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the changes in economic and social organization that began around 1760 in Great Britain and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines such as the power loom and the steam engine , and by the concentration of industry in large establishments.

search term: Neolithic Wikipedia Page

The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos 'stone') is an archaeological period , the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia , Asia , Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revolution , a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts of the world. This "Neolithic package" included the introduction of farming , domestication of animals , and change from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of settlement . The term 'Neolithic' was coined by John Lubbock in 1865 as a refinement of the three-age system .

search term: hominoids Wikipedia Page

Apes , collectively Hominoidea ( / ˌ h ɒ m ɪ ˈ n ɔɪ d i . ə / ), are a superfamily of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia . They were more widespread in Africa, Asia, and Europe in prehistory, and, including humans, are found globally. Apes are more closely related to Old World monkeys (family Cercopithecidae) than to the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini), with both Old World monkeys and apes placed in the clade Catarrhini . Apes do not have tails due to a mutation of the TBXT gene . In traditional and non-scientific use, the term ape can include tailless primates taxonomically considered Cercopithecidae (such as the Barbary ape and black ape ), and is thus not equivalent to the scientific taxon Hominoidea. There are two extant branches of the superfamily Hominoidea: the gibbons , or lesser apes; and the hominids , or great apes.

search term: Palaeolithic Age Wikipedia Page

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic ( c. 3.3 million – c. 11,700 years ago) ( / ˌ p eɪ l i oʊ ˈ l ɪ θ ɪ k , ˌ p æ l i -/ PAY -lee-oh- LITH -ik, PAL -ee- ), also called the Old Stone Age (from Ancient Greek παλαιός ( palaiós ) ' old ' and λίθος ( líthos ) ' stone ' ), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools , and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology . It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins , c. 3.3 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene , c. 11,650 cal BP .

search term: Milankovitch cycles Wikipedia Page

Milankovitch cycles describe the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements on its climate over thousands of years. The phenomenon is named after the Serbian geophysicist and astronomer Milutin Milanković . In the 1920s, he provided a more definitive and quantitative analysis than James Croll 's earlier hypothesis that variations in eccentricity , axial tilt , and precession combined to result in cyclical variations in the intra-annual and latitudinal distribution of solar radiation at the Earth's surface, and that this orbital forcing strongly influenced the Earth's climatic patterns.

Past and future Milankovitch cycles via VSOP model

Graphic shows variations in five orbital elements:
Axial tilt or obliquity (ε).

Eccentricity ( e ).

Longitude of perihelion (sin(ϖ)).

Precession index ( e sin(ϖ))

Precession index and obliquity control insolation at each latitude:
Daily-average insolation at top of atmosphere on summer solstice ( ${\textstyle {\overline {Q}}^{\mathrm {day} }}$ ) at 65° N

Ocean sediment and Antarctic ice strata record ancient sea levels and temperatures:
Benthic forams (57 widespread locations)
Vostok ice core (Antarctica)

Vertical gray line shows present (2000 CE)

search term: Pleistocene epoch Wikipedia Page

The Pleistocene ( / ˈ p l aɪ s t ə ˌ s iː n , - s t oʊ -/ PLY -stə-seen, -⁠stoh- ; referred to colloquially as the Ice Age ) is the geological epoch that lasted from c. 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations . Before a change was finally confirmed in 2009 by the International Union of Geological Sciences , the cutoff of the Pleistocene and the preceding Pliocene was regarded as being 1.806 million years Before Present (BP). Publications from earlier years may use either definition of the period. The end of the Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the last glacial period and also with the end of the Paleolithic age used in archaeology . The name comes from Ancient Greek πλεῖστος ( pleîstos ), meaning "most", and καινός ( kainós ), meaning "new, recent".

search term: primates Wikipedia Page

Plesiadapiformes ( cladistically including crown primates )

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search term: brake pedal Wikipedia Page

Car controls are the components in automobiles and other powered road vehicles , such as trucks and buses , used for driving and parking.

search term: family photos Wikipedia Page

Graduation ( Romanian : Bacalaureat ) is a 2016 tragedy drama film produced, written, and directed by Cristian Mungiu . Set in Transylvania , it stars Adrian Titieni as Romeo, a doctor on a quest to fix his daughter's ( Maria-Victoria Dragus ) exam results by underhanded means.

search term: mass extinctions Wikipedia Page

search term: volcanic eruptions Wikipedia Page

A volcanic eruption occurs when material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure . Several types of volcanic eruptions have been distinguished by volcanologists . These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may display an entire sequence of types all in one eruptive series.

search term: sixth mass extinction Wikipedia Page

The Holocene extinction , also referred to as the Anthropocene extinction or the sixth mass extinction , is an ongoing extinction event caused exclusively by human activities during the Holocene epoch. This extinction event spans numerous families of plants and animals, including mammals , birds, reptiles, amphibians , fish, and invertebrates , impacting both terrestrial and marine species. Widespread degradation of biodiversity hotspots such as coral reefs and rainforests has exacerbated the crisis. Many of these extinctions are undocumented, as the species are often undiscovered before their extinctions.

search term: responsibility Wikipedia Page

Responsibility may refer to:

search term: volcanic activity Wikipedia Page

Volcanism , vulcanism , volcanicity , or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by various processes, such as radioactive decay or tidal heating . This heat partially melts solid material in the body or turns material into gas. The mobilized material rises through the body's interior and may break through the solid surface.

search term: marine life Wikipedia Page

Marine life , sea life or ocean life is the collective ecological communities that encompass all aquatic animals , plants , algae , fungi , protists , single-celled microorganisms and associated viruses living in the saline water of marine habitats , either the sea water of marginal seas and oceans , or the brackish water of coastal wetlands , lagoons , estuaries and inland seas . As of 2023 , more than 242,000 marine species have been documented, and perhaps two million marine species are yet to be documented. An average of 2,332 new species per year are being described. Marine life is studied scientifically in both marine biology and in biological oceanography .

search term: Yucatan Peninsula Wikipedia Page

The Yucatán Peninsula ( / ˌ j uː k ə ˈ t ɑː n , - ˈ t æ n / YOO -kə- TA(H)N , UK also / ˌ j ʊ k -/ YUU - ; Spanish : Península de Yucatán [peˈninsula ðe ʝukaˈtan] ) is a large peninsula in southeast Mexico and adjacent portions of Belize and Guatemala . The peninsula extends towards the northeast, separating the Gulf of Mexico to the north and west of the peninsula from the Caribbean Sea to the east. The Yucatán Channel , between the northeastern corner of the peninsula and Cuba , connects the two bodies of water.

search term: Ampelosaurus Wikipedia Page

Ampelosaurus ( / ˌ æ m p ɪ l oʊ ˈ s ɔːr ə s / AM -pi-loh- SOR -əs ; meaning "vine lizard") is a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now France . Its type species is A. atacis , named by Le Loeuff in 1995. Its remains were found in a level dating from 71.5 million years ago representing the early Maastrichtian .

search term: fish Wikipedia Page

A fish is an aquatic , anamniotic , gill -bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull , but lacking limbs with digits . Fish can be grouped into the more basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish , the latter including all living cartilaginous and bony fish , as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians . In a break from the long tradition of grouping all fish into a single class ( Pisces ), modern phylogenetics views fish as a paraphyletic group which includes all vertebrates except tetrapods .

search term: North Dakota Wikipedia Page

North Dakota ( / d ə ˈ k oʊ t ə / də- KOH -tə ) is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest , named after the indigenous Dakota and Sioux peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south, and Montana to the west. North Dakota is part of the Great Plains region, characterized by broad prairies , steppe , temperate savanna , badlands , and farmland. North Dakota is the 19th-largest state by area, but with a population of just under 800,000, the fourth-least populous and fourth-least densely populated . The state capital is Bismarck and the most populous city is Fargo , which accounts for nearly a fifth of the state's population; both cities are among the fastest-growing in the U.S., although half of North Dakotans live in rural areas.

search term: Chicxulub crater Wikipedia Page

The Chicxulub crater is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Its center is offshore, but the crater is named after the onshore community of Chicxulub Pueblo (not the larger coastal town of Chicxulub Puerto ). It was formed slightly over 66 million years ago when an asteroid , about ten kilometers (six miles) in diameter, struck Earth . The crater is estimated to be 200 kilometers (120 miles) in diameter and 30 kilometers (19 miles) in depth. It is one of the largest impact structures on Earth, alongside the much older Sudbury and Vredefort impact structures, and the only one whose peak ring is intact and directly accessible for scientific research.

search term: iridium Wikipedia Page

Iridium is a chemical element ; it has symbol Ir and atomic number 77. This very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group , is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium ) with a density of 22.56 g/cm (0.815 lb/cu in) as defined by experimental X-ray crystallography . Ir and Ir are the only two naturally occurring isotopes of iridium, as well as the only stable isotopes ; the latter is the more abundant. It is one of the most corrosion -resistant metals, even at temperatures as high as 2,000 °C (3,630 °F).

search term: wild animals Wikipedia Page

Wildlife refers to undomesticated animals and uncultivated plant species which can exist in their natural habitat , but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans. Wildlife was also synonymous to game , birds and mammals hunted for sport . Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems , both wild and most developed urban areas , forming distinct groups. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human existence, most scientists agree that much wildlife is affected by humans. Some wildlife threaten human safety, health, property and quality of life , but many wild animals have value to humans, whether economic, educational, or sentimental.

search term: peanut allergy Wikipedia Page

Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts . It is different from tree nut allergies , because peanuts are legumes and not true nuts . Physical symptoms of allergic reaction can include itchiness , hives , swelling , eczema , sneezing, asthma attack , abdominal pain, drop in blood pressure , diarrhea, and cardiac arrest . Anaphylaxis may occur. Those with a history of asthma are more likely to be severely affected.

search term: control Wikipedia Page

Control may refer to:

search term: kainos Wikipedia Page

Kainos Group plc (commonly referred to simply as Kainos or Kainos Software ) is a digital technology company headquartered in Belfast , Northern Ireland that develops information technology for businesses and organisations. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index . The company has three divisions – Digital Services, Workday Services, and Workday Products.

search term: geological epoch Wikipedia Page

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search term: resource Wikipedia Page

Resources are all the materials available in our environment which are technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally sustainable and help to satisfy needs and wants. There are many types of resources, which can broadly be classified according various parameters, such as their availability as renewable or non-renewable resources or national and international resources. An item may become a resource with technology. The benefits of resource utilization may include increased wealth, proper functioning of a system, or enhanced well-being. From a human perspective, a regular resource is anything to satisfy human needs and wants.

search term: landmark report Wikipedia Page

This list of publications in medicine , is organized by field.

search term: Ecosystem Services Wikipedia Page

Ecosystem services are the various benefits that humans derive from ecosystems . The interconnected living and non-living components of the natural environment offer benefits such as pollination of crops, clean air and water, decomposition of wastes, and flood control . Ecosystem services are grouped into four broad categories of services. There are provisioning services , such as the production of food and water; regulating services , such as the control of climate and disease; supporting services , such as nutrient cycles and oxygen production; and cultural services , such as recreation, tourism, and spiritual gratification. Evaluations of ecosystem services may include assigning an economic value to them.

search term: IPBES Wikipedia Page

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services ( IPBES ) is an intergovernmental organization established to improve communication between science and policy on issues of biodiversity and ecosystem services . It serves a similar role to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The IPBES Bureau has agreed, on the basis of a proposal by the secretariat for the purposes of brand unity and brand recognition, to adopt a common pronunciation of the IPBES acronym. In keeping with widespread linguistic convention, the acronym is officially pronounced as “ip-bes” – “ip” as in “hip” and “bes” as in “best”.

search term: food security Wikipedia Page

Food security is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, healthy food . The availability of food for people of any class, gender, ethnicity, or religion is another element of food protection. Similarly, household food security is considered to exist when all the members of a family have consistent access to enough food for an active, healthy life. Food-secure individuals do not live in hunger or fear of starvation . Food security includes resilience to future disruptions of food supply. Such a disruption could occur due to various risk factors such as droughts and floods , shipping disruptions, fuel shortages, economic instability, and wars. Food insecurity is the opposite of food security: a state where there is only limited or uncertain availability of suitable food.

search term: quality of life Wikipedia Page

Quality of life ( QOL ) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".

search term: Jenga Wikipedia Page

Jenga is a game of physical skill created by British board game designer and author Leslie Scott and marketed by Hasbro . The name comes from the Swahili word " kujenga " which means 'to build or construct'. Players take turns removing one block at a time from a tower constructed of 54 blocks. Each block removed is then placed on top of the tower, creating a progressively more unstable structure. The game ends when the tower falls over.

search term: documentaries Wikipedia Page

A documentary film (often described simply as a documentary ) is a nonfiction, motion picture intended to "document reality, primarily for instruction, education or maintaining a historical record ". The American author and media analyst Bill Nichols has characterized the documentary in terms of "a filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception [that remains] a practice without clear boundaries".

search term: Seaspiracy Wikipedia Page

Seaspiracy ( / s iː ˈ s p ɪ r ə s i / ) is a 2021 documentary film about the environmental impact of fishing directed by and starring Ali Tabrizi, a British filmmaker. The film examines human impacts on marine life and advocates for ending fish consumption .

search term: aquaculture Wikipedia Page

Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture ), also known as aquafarming , is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish , crustaceans , mollusks , algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. lotus ). Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater , brackish water , and saltwater populations under controlled or semi-natural conditions and can be contrasted with commercial fishing , which is the harvesting of wild fish . Aquaculture is also a practice used for restoring and rehabilitating marine and freshwater ecosystems. Mariculture , commonly known as marine farming, is aquaculture in seawater habitats and lagoons, as opposed to freshwater aquaculture. Pisciculture is a type of aquaculture that consists of fish farming to obtain fish products as food .

search term: fishfingers Wikipedia Page

Fish fingers ( British English ) or fish sticks ( American English and Canadian English ) are a processed food made using a whitefish , such as cod , hake , haddock , or pollock , which has been battered or breaded and formed into a rectangular shape. They are commonly available in the frozen food section of supermarkets. They can be baked in an oven, grilled , shallow fried , or deep-fried .

search term: commodity markets Wikipedia Page

A commodity market is a market that trades in the primary economic sector rather than manufactured products. The primary sector includes agricultural products, energy products, and metals. Soft commodities may be perishable and harvested, while hard commodities are usually mined, such as gold and oil . Futures contracts are the oldest way of investing in commodities. Commodity markets can include physical trading and derivatives trading using spot prices , forwards , futures , and options on futures. Farmers have used a simple form of derivative trading in the commodities market for centuries for price risk management.

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search term: human consumption Wikipedia Page

Human consumption may refer to:

search term: pandemic Wikipedia Page

A pandemic ( / p æ n ˈ d ɛ m ɪ k / pan- DEM -ik ) is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has a sudden increase in cases and spreads across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial portion of the human population. Widespread endemic diseases with a stable number of infected individuals such as recurrences of seasonal influenza are generally excluded as they occur simultaneously in large regions of the globe rather than being spread worldwide.

search term: human mind Wikipedia Page

The mind is that which thinks , feels , perceives , imagines , remembers , and wills . It covers the totality of mental phenomena, including both conscious processes, through which an individual is aware of external and internal circumstances, and unconscious processes, which can influence an individual without intention or awareness. The mind plays a central role in most aspects of human life, but its exact nature is disputed. Some characterizations focus on internal aspects, saying that the mind transforms information and is not directly accessible to outside observers. Others stress its relation to outward conduct, understanding mental phenomena as dispositions to engage in observable behavior.

search term: fusion Wikipedia Page

Fusion , or synthesis , is the process of combining two or more distinct entities into a new whole.

search term: fission Wikipedia Page

Fission , a splitting of something into two or more parts, may refer to:

search term: nuclear waste Wikipedia Page

Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material . It is a result of many activities, including nuclear medicine , nuclear research , nuclear power generation, nuclear decommissioning , rare-earth mining, and nuclear weapons reprocessing. The storage and disposal of radioactive waste is regulated by government agencies in order to protect human health and the environment.

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Condition or conditions may refer to:

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The name Victor or Viktor may refer to:

search term: mushroom cloud Wikipedia Page

A mushroom cloud is a distinctive mushroom -shaped flammagenitus cloud of debris, smoke, and usually condensed water vapour resulting from a large explosion. The effect is most commonly associated with a nuclear explosion , but any sufficiently energetic detonation or deflagration will produce a similar effect. They can be caused by powerful conventional weapons , including large thermobaric weapons . Some volcanic eruptions and impact events can produce natural mushroom clouds.

Ascending cloud from Redoubt Volcano from an eruption on 21 April 1990. The mushroom-shaped plume rose from avalanches of hot debris ( pyroclastic flows ) that cascaded down the north flank of the volcano.

search term: strata Wikipedia Page

In geology and related fields, a stratum ( pl. : strata ) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes . Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both bed and lamina . Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl. substrata ), a stratum underlying another stratum.

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search term: Soviet Union Wikipedia Page

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ), commonly known as the Soviet Union , was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the largest country by area , extending across eleven time zones and sharing borders with twelve countries , and the third-most populous country . An overall successor to the Russian Empire , it was nominally organized as a federal union of national republics , the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR . In practice, its government and economy were highly centralized . As a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), it was the flagship communist state . Its capital and largest city was Moscow .

search term: Tsar Bomba Wikipedia Page

The Tsar Bomba ( code name : Ivan or Vanya ), also known by the alphanumerical designation " AN602 ", was a thermonuclear aerial bomb , and by far the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested. The Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov oversaw the project at Arzamas-16 , while the main work of design was by Sakharov, Viktor Adamsky , Yuri Babayev , Yuri Smirnov [ ru ] , and Yuri Trutnev . The project was ordered by First Secretary of the Communist Party Nikita Khrushchev in July 1961 as part of the Soviet resumption of nuclear testing after the Test Ban Moratorium , with the detonation timed to coincide with the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

search term: Hydrogen bomb Wikipedia Page

A thermonuclear weapon , fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb ( H-bomb ) is a second-generation nuclear weapon , utilizing nuclear fusion . The most destructive weapons ever created, their yields typically exceed first-generation nuclear weapons by twenty times, with far lower mass and volume requirements. Characteristics of fusion reactions can make possible the use of non-fissile depleted uranium as the weapon's main fuel, thus allowing more efficient use of scarce fissile material . Its multi-stage design is distinct from the usage of fusion in simpler boosted fission weapons . The first full-scale thermonuclear test ( Ivy Mike ) was carried out by the United States in 1952, and the concept has since been employed by at least the five NPT -recognized nuclear-weapon states : the United States , Russia , the United Kingdom , China , and France .

search term: nuclear energy Wikipedia Page

Nuclear energy may refer to:

search term: Project Plowshare Wikipedia Page

Project Plowshare was the overall United States program for the development of techniques to use nuclear explosives for peaceful construction purposes. The program was organized in June 1957 as part of the worldwide Atoms for Peace efforts. As part of the program, 35 nuclear warheads were detonated in 27 separate tests. A similar program was carried out in the Soviet Union under the name Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy , although the Soviet program consisted of 124 tests.

search term: Columbia Wikipedia Page

Columbia most often refers to:

search term: Bristol Wikipedia Page

Bristol ( / ˈ b r ɪ s t əl / ) is a cathedral city , unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England , the most populous city in the region. Built around the River Avon , it is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Gloucestershire to the north and Somerset to the south. The county is in the West of England combined authority area, which includes the Greater Bristol area ( eleventh most populous urban area in the United Kingdom) and nearby places such as Bath . Bristol is the second largest city in Southern England , after the capital London .

search term: thermonuclear war Wikipedia Page

Nuclear warfare , also known as atomic warfare , is a military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry . Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction ; in contrast to conventional warfare , nuclear warfare can produce destruction in a much shorter time and can have a long-lasting radiological result . A major nuclear exchange would likely have long-term effects, primarily from the fallout released, and could also lead to secondary effects, such as " nuclear winter ", nuclear famine , and societal collapse . A global thermonuclear war with Cold War -era stockpiles, or even with the current smaller stockpiles, may lead to various scenarios including human extinction .

search term: Ukraine Wikipedia Page

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe . It is the second-largest country in Europe after Russia , which borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary , Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city , followed by Kharkiv , Odesa , and Dnipro . Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian .

search term: Nuclear physics Wikipedia Page

Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter .

search term: fusion technology Wikipedia Page

The overflow downdraw method or fusion method is a technique for producing flat glass . The key advantage of this technique as compared to the float glass process is that the pristine surfaces are not touched by molten tin . The technique is used for the production of very thin flat panel display glass by the companies Asahi Glass Co. , Corning , Nippon Electric Glass , Samsung Corning Precision Materials , and various other companies operating in the field of display glass and other types of thin glass.

search term: International Commission on Stratigraphy Wikipedia Page

The International Commission on Stratigraphy ( ICS ), sometimes unofficially referred to as the International Stratigraphic Commission , is a daughter or major subcommittee grade scientific organization that concerns itself with stratigraphical , geological , and geochronological matters, worldwide.

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search term: geological epochs Wikipedia Page

search term: Stockholm Resilience Centre Wikipedia Page

Stockholm Resilience Centre ( SRC ), explores how people and nature can live and develop on a planet under pressure. The centre is a collaboration between Stockholm University and the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences .

search term: economic activity Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: scientific papers Wikipedia Page

Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences . It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as " the literature " within specific research fields.

search term: red signal Wikipedia Page

Red Signal is a Bollywood film. It was released in 1941 .

search term: international agreement Wikipedia Page

A treaty is a recorded international agreement between sovereign states or other subjects of international law (including international organizations ) that is governed by international law . A treaty may also be known as an international agreement , protocol , covenant , convention , pact , or exchange of letters , among other terms; however, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries).

search term: documentary Wikipedia Page

search term: Hadean Period Wikipedia Page

The Hadean ( / h eɪ ˈ d iː ə n , ˈ h eɪ d i ə n / hay- DEE -ən, HAY -dee-ən ) is the first and oldest of the four geologic eons of Earth 's history , starting with the planet's formation about 4.6 Ga (estimated 4567.30 ± 0.16 Ma set by the age of the oldest solid material in the Solar System — protoplanetary disk dust particles—found as chondrules and calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions in some meteorites about 4.567 Ga), and ending 4.031 Ga, the age of the oldest known intact rock formations on Earth as recognized by the International Commission on Stratigraphy . The interplanetary collision that created the Moon occurred early in this eon. The Hadean eon was succeeded by the Archean eon, with the Late Heavy Bombardment hypothesized to have occurred at the Hadean-Archean boundary.

search term: UFO Wikipedia Page

An unidentified flying object ( UFO ) is an object or phenomenon seen in the sky but not yet identified or explained. The term was coined when United States Air Force (USAF) investigations into flying saucers found too broad a range of shapes reported to consider them all saucers or discs. UFOs are also known as unidentified aerial phenomena or unidentified anomalous phenomena ( UAP ). Upon investigation, most UFOs are identified as known objects or atmospheric phenomena , while a small number remain unexplained.

"GIMBAL" Pentagon UFO video , January 2015

search term: Cryogenian Period Wikipedia Page

The Cryogenian (from Ancient Greek : κρύος , romanized : krýos , meaning "cold" and γένεσις , romanized: génesis , meaning "birth") is a geologic period that lasted from 720 to 635 million years ago . It is the second of the three periods of the Neoproterozoic era, preceded by the Tonian and followed by the Ediacaran .

search term: glacial maximum Wikipedia Page

An ice age is a term describing periods of time when the reduction in the temperature of Earth 's surface and atmosphere results in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers . The term is applied in several different senses to very long and comparatively short periods of cooling. Colder periods are called glacials or ice ages, and warmer periods are called interglacials.

An artist's impression of ice age Earth at Pleistocene glacial maximum

search term: fossils Wikipedia Page

search term: Egyptian pyramids Wikipedia Page

The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt . Most were built as tombs for the pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. At least 138 identified pyramids have been discovered in Egypt. Approximately 80 pyramids were built within the Kingdom of Kush , now located in the modern country of Sudan .

search term: street Wikipedia Page

A street is a public thoroughfare in a city, town or village, typically lined with buildings on one or both sides. Streets often include pavements ( sidewalks ), pedestrian crossings , and sometimes amenities like streetlights or benches . A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt , but is more often paved with a hard, durable surface such as tarmac , concrete , cobblestone or brick . It can be designed for both social activity and movement.

search term: Disco Ball Wikipedia Page

A disco ball (also known as a mirror ball or glitter ball ) is a roughly spherical object that reflects light directed at it in many directions, producing a complex display. Its surface consists of hundreds or thousands of facets , nearly all of approximately the same shape and size, and each has a mirrored surface. Usually, it is mounted well above the heads of the people present, suspended from a device that causes it to rotate steadily on a vertical axis , and illuminated by spotlights, so that stationary viewers experience beams of light flashing over them, and see myriad spots of light spinning around the walls of the room.

search term: party animals Wikipedia Page

Party Animal ( s ) may refer to:

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search term: mental images Wikipedia Page

In the philosophy of mind , neuroscience , and cognitive science , a mental image is an experience that, on most occasions, significantly resembles the experience of "perceiving" some object, event, or scene but occurs when the relevant object, event, or scene is not actually present to the senses. There are sometimes episodes, particularly on falling asleep ( hypnagogic imagery ) and waking up ( hypnopompic imagery ), when the mental imagery may be dynamic, phantasmagoric, and involuntary in character, repeatedly presenting identifiable objects or actions, spilling over from waking events, or defying perception, presenting a kaleidoscopic field, in which no distinct object can be discerned. Mental imagery can sometimes produce the same effects as would be produced by the behavior or experience imagined.

search term: moonrocks Wikipedia Page

Moon rock or lunar rock is rock originating from Earth's Moon . This includes lunar material collected during the course of human exploration of the Moon , and rock that has been ejected naturally from the Moon's surface and landed on Earth as lunar meteorites .

search term: space mission Wikipedia Page

Spaceflight (or space flight ) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft , into or through outer space , either with or without humans on board . Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth , but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit. Such spaceflights operate either by telerobotic or autonomous control. The first spaceflights began in the 1950s with the launches of the Soviet Sputnik satellites and American Explorer and Vanguard missions. Human spaceflight programs include the Soyuz , Shenzhou , the past Apollo Moon landing and the Space Shuttle programs . Other current spaceflight are conducted to the International Space Station and to China's Tiangong Space Station .

search term: fairness Wikipedia Page

Fairness or being fair can refer to:

search term: docking port Wikipedia Page

A dock connector is an electrical connector used to attach a mobile device simultaneously to multiple external resources. Dock connectors typically carry a variety of signals and power, through a single connector, to simplify the process of docking the device. A dock connector may be embedded in a mechanical fixture used to support or align the mobile device or may be at the end of a cable.

search term: spaceship Wikipedia Page

Spaceship may refer to:

search term: Moon Wikipedia Page

The Moon is the only natural satellite orbiting Earth . It orbits around Earth at an average distance of 384,399 kilometres (238,854 mi), a distance roughly 30 times the width of Earth , and completes an orbit ( lunar month ) in relation to Earth and the Sun ( synodically ) every 29.5 days. The Moon and Earth gravitationally pull on each other. The resulting tidal forces are the main drivers of Earth's tides , and have forced the Moon to face Earth with always the same near side , effectively synchronizing the Moon's rotation period ( lunar day ) to its orbital period (lunar month). This makes the Moon tidally locked to Earth.

search term: world population Wikipedia Page

search term: factories Wikipedia Page

A factory , manufacturing plant or production plant is an industrial facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery , where workers manufacture items or operate machines which process each item into another. They are a critical part of modern economic production , with the majority of the world's goods being created or processed within factories.

search term: universities Wikipedia Page

A university (from Latin universitas ' a whole ' ) is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines . University is derived from the Latin phrase universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

search term: Theoretical Physics Wikipedia Page

Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain, and predict natural phenomena . This is in contrast to experimental physics , which uses experimental tools to probe these phenomena.

Visual representation of a Schwarzschild wormhole . Wormholes have never been observed, but they are predicted to exist through mathematical models and scientific theory .

search term: Jamie Oliver Wikipedia Page

Jamie Trevor Oliver MBE OSI (born 27 May 1975) is an English celebrity chef , restaurateur and cookbook author. He is known for his casual approach to cuisine, and he has fronted many television shows and opened numerous restaurants.

search term: Monty Python song Wikipedia Page

" The Liberty Bell " (1893) is an American military march composed by John Philip Sousa .

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search term: organic life Wikipedia Page

Life is matter that has biological processes , such as signaling and the ability to sustain itself. It is defined descriptively by the capacity for homeostasis , organisation , metabolism , growth , adaptation , response to stimuli , and reproduction . All life over time eventually reaches a state of death , and none is immortal . Many philosophical definitions of living systems have been proposed, such as self-organizing systems. Defining life is further complicated by viruses , which replicate only in host cells, and the possibility of extraterrestrial life , which is likely to be very different from terrestrial life. Life exists all over the Earth in air, water, and soil , with many ecosystems forming the biosphere . Some of these are harsh environments occupied only by extremophiles . The life in a particular ecosystem is called its biota .

search term: chalk Wikipedia Page

Chalk is a soft, white, porous , sedimentary carbonate rock . It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton , which had settled to the sea floor . Chalk is common throughout Western Europe , where deposits underlie parts of France , and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel .

search term: manufacturing Wikipedia Page

Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor , machines , tools , and chemical or biological processing or formulation . It is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy . The term may refer to a range of human activity , from handicraft to high-tech , but it is most commonly applied to industrial design , in which raw materials from the primary sector are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products (such as aircraft, household appliances , furniture, sports equipment or automobiles ), or distributed via the tertiary industry to end users and consumers (usually through wholesalers, who in turn sell to retailers, who then sell them to individual customers).

search term: helium balloon Wikipedia Page

A gas balloon is a balloon that rises and floats in the air because it is filled with a gas lighter than air (such as helium or hydrogen ). When not in flight, it is tethered to prevent it from flying away and is sealed at the bottom to prevent the escape of gas. A gas balloon may also be called a Charlière for its inventor, the Frenchman Jacques Charles . Today, familiar gas balloons include large blimps and small latex party balloons. For nearly 200 years, well into the 20th century, manned balloon flight utilized gas balloons before hot-air balloons became dominant. Without power, heat or fuel, untethered flights of gas balloons depended on the skill of the pilot. Gas balloons have greater lift for a given volume, so they do not need to be so large, and they can stay up for much longer than hot air balloons.

search term: Brian Cox Wikipedia Page

Brian or Bryan Cox may refer to:

search term: United Nations Environmental Programme Wikipedia Page

search term: phosphorus Wikipedia Page

Phosphorus is a chemical element ; it has symbol P and atomic number 15. All elemental forms of phosphorus are highly reactive and are therefore never found in nature. They can nevertheless be prepared artificially, the two most common allotropes being white phosphorus and red phosphorus . With P as its only stable isotope , phosphorus has an occurrence in Earth's crust of about 0.1%, generally as phosphate rock . A member of the pnictogen family, phosphorus readily forms a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds, with as its main oxidation states +5, +3 and −3.

search term: agricultural yields Wikipedia Page

In agriculture , the yield is a measurement of the amount of a crop grown, or product such as wool, meat or milk produced, per unit area of land. The seed ratio is another way of calculating yields.

search term: flatscreen TV Wikipedia Page

A flat-panel display ( FPD ) is an electronic display used to display visual content such as text or images. It is present in consumer, medical, transportation, and industrial equipment.

search term: Lanthanide Wikipedia Page

A lanthanide ( / ˈ l æ n θ ə n aɪ d / ) is any of the 14 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57–70, from lanthanum through ytterbium . The IUPAC recommended standard name of this series is lanthanoid ( / ˈ l æ n θ ə n ɔɪ d / ). In the periodic table, they fill the 4f orbitals. Lutetium (element 71) is also sometimes considered a lanthanide, despite being a d-block element and a transition metal .

search term: Scandium Wikipedia Page

Scandium is a chemical element ; it has symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metallic d-block element . Historically, it has been classified as a rare-earth element , together with yttrium and the lanthanides . It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia .

search term: Yttrium Wikipedia Page

Yttrium is a chemical element ; it has symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a " rare-earth element ". Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. Y is the only stable isotope and the only isotope found in the Earth's crust .

search term: economic model Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: agriculturists Wikipedia Page

An agriculturist , agriculturalist , agrologist , or agronomist (abbreviated as agr. ) is a professional in the science , practice, and management of agriculture and agribusiness . It is a regulated profession in Canada, India, Japan, the Philippines, the United States, and the European Union. Other names used to designate the profession include agricultural scientist , agricultural manager , agricultural planner , agriculture researcher , or agriculture policy maker .

search term: Adam Wikipedia Page

Adam is the name given in Genesis 1–5 to the first human. Adam is the first human-being aware of God , and features as such in various belief systems (including Judaism , Christianity , Gnosticism , Islam , and the Baháʼí Faith ).

search term: Eve Wikipedia Page

Eve is a figure from the Book of Genesis (ספר בראשית) in the Hebrew Bible . According to the origin story of the Abrahamic religions , she was the first woman to be created by God . Eve is known also as Adam 's wife.

search term: Cain Wikipedia Page

Cain is a biblical figure in the Book of Genesis within Abrahamic religions . He is the elder brother of Abel , and the firstborn son of Adam and Eve , the first couple within the Bible . He was a farmer who gave an offering of his crops to God . However, God was not pleased and favored Abel's offering over Cain's. Out of jealousy, Cain killed his brother, for which he was punished by God with the curse and mark of Cain . He had several descendants, starting with his son Enoch and including Lamech .

search term: Enoch Wikipedia Page

Enoch ( / ˈ iː n ə k / Hebrew : חֲנוֹךְ ‎ , Modern : Ḥanōḵ , Tiberian : Ḥănōḵ ; Greek : Ἑνώχ Henṓkh ) is a biblical figure and patriarch prior to Noah's flood . He is the son of Jared and father of Methuselah .

search term: divine wisdom Wikipedia Page

Holy Wisdom ( Ancient Greek : Ἁγία Σοφία , romanized : Hagia Sophia , Latin : Sancta Sapientia ) is a concept in Christian theology .

search term: urban life Wikipedia Page

Urban Life is a bronze sculpture by French artist Val . In 2010, this monumental piece was exhibited in front of the Shanghai Art Fair and presented to the Jing'An International Sculpture Project.

search term: rural life Wikipedia Page

In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities . Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically described as rural, as well as other areas lacking substantial development. Different countries have varying definitions of rural for statistical and administrative purposes.

search term: Olympic diving Wikipedia Page

Diving was first introduced in the official programme of the Summer Olympic Games at the 1904 Games of St. Louis and has been an Olympic sport since. It was known as "fancy diving" for the acrobatic stunts performed by divers during the dive (such as somersaults and twists). This discipline of Aquatics, along with swimming , synchronised swimming and water polo , is regulated and supervised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA), the international federation (IF) for aquatic sports.

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Diver or divers may refer to practitioners of:

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search term: Singaporean Wikipedia Page

Singaporeans are the citizens of the island city-state of Singapore . Singapore is home to a people of a variety of origins, with the city-state itself being a multi-racial and multi-cultural country. Singaporeans of Chinese , Malay , Indian and Eurasian descent have made up the overwhelming majority of the population since the 19th century. The Singaporean diaspora is also far-reaching worldwide.

search term: resource depletion Wikipedia Page

Resource depletion occurs when a natural resource is consumed faster than it can be replenished. The value of a resource depends on its availability in nature and the cost of extracting it. By the law of supply and demand , the scarcer the resource the more valuable it becomes. There are several types of resource depletion, including but not limited to: wetland and ecosystem degradation, soil erosion, aquifer depletion , and overfishing . The depletion of wildlife populations is called defaunation .

search term: IRP Wikipedia Page

IRP may mean any of the following in:

search term: fossil fuel emissions Wikipedia Page

Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue , which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases , as from a fireplace, oven, furnace , boiler or steam generator . It often refers to the exhaust gas of combustion at power plants . Technology is available to remove pollutants from flue gas at power plants.

search term: IBM computer Wikipedia Page

International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM ), nicknamed Big Blue , is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York , and present in over 175 countries. It is a publicly traded company and one of the 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average . IBM is the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 19 research facilities across a dozen countries; for 29 consecutive years, from 1993 to 2021, it held the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business.

search term: Pluto Wikipedia Page

Pluto ( minor-planet designation : 134340 Pluto ) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt , a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune . It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Sun . It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume by a small margin, but is less massive than Eris . Like other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto is made primarily of ice and rock and is much smaller than the inner planets . Pluto has roughly one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third of its volume. Originally considered a planet, its classification was changed when astronomers adopted a new definition of planet .

search term: Western nations Wikipedia Page

The Western world , also known as the West , primarily refers to various nations and states in Western Europe , Northern America , and Australasia ; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West. The Western world likewise is called the Occident (from Latin occidens ' setting down, sunset, west ' ) in contrast to the Eastern world known as the Orient (from Latin oriens ' origin, sunrise, east ' ). Definitions of the "Western world" vary according to context and perspectives; the West is an evolving concept made up of cultural, political, and economic synergy among diverse groups of people, and not a rigid region with fixed borders and members.

search term: human psyche Wikipedia Page

The psyche / ˈ s aɪ k i / is currently used to describe the totality of the human mind , conscious and unconscious . Especially in older texts, the English word soul is sometimes used synonymously.

search term: Edward Bernays Wikipedia Page

Edward Louis Bernays ( / b ɜːr ˈ n eɪ z / bur- NAYZ ; Austrian German: [bɛrˈnaɪs] ; November 22, 1891 − March 9, 1995) was an American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda , referred to in his obituary as "the father of public relations". While credited with advancing the profession of public relations, his techniques have been criticized for manipulating public opinion, often in ways that undermined individual autonomy and democratic values.

search term: consumer products Wikipedia Page

A final good or consumer good is a final product ready for sale that is used by the consumer to satisfy current wants or needs, unlike an intermediate good , which is used to produce other goods. A microwave oven or a bicycle is a final good.

A microwave oven, c. 2005 : an example of a final good or consumer good

search term: community Wikipedia Page

A community is a social unit (a group of people) with a shared socially-significant characteristic(s), being place , set of norms , culture , religion , values , customs , or identity . Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country , village , town , or neighborhood ) or in virtual space through communication platforms. Durable good relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community, important to people's identity, practice, and roles in social institutions such as family , home, work, government , society , or humanity at large. Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties, "community" may also refer to large-group affiliations such as national communities , international communities , and virtual communities .

search term: affection Wikipedia Page

Affection or fondness is a " disposition or state of mind or body" commonly linked to a feeling or type of love . It has led to multiple branches in philosophy and psychology that discuss emotion, disease, influence, and state of being. Often, "affection" denotes more than mere goodwill or friendship. Writers on ethics generally use the word to refer to distinct states of feeling, both lasting and temporary. Some contrast it with passion as being free from the distinctively sensual element.

search term: affirmation Wikipedia Page

Affirmation or affirm may refer to:

search term: aesthetics Wikipedia Page

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that studies beauty , taste , and related phenomena. In a broad sense, it includes the philosophy of art , which examines the nature of art, artistic creativity , the meanings of artworks, and audience appreciation.

search term: Sacred economics Wikipedia Page

Charles Eisenstein (born 1967) is an American public speaker, author, and activist. His books include The Ascent of Humanity , Sacred Economics , and The More Beautiful World Our Hearts Know is Possible.

search term: football pitch Wikipedia Page

A football pitch or soccer field is the playing surface for the game of association football . Its dimensions and markings are defined by Law 1 of the Laws of the Game , "The Field of Play". The pitch is typically made of natural turf or artificial turf , although amateur and recreational teams often play on dirt fields. Artificial surfaces are allowed only to be green in colour.

search term: renewable energy Wikipedia Page

Renewable energy (also called green energy ) is energy made from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale . The most widely used renewable energy types are solar energy , wind power , and hydropower . Bioenergy and geothermal power are also significant in some countries. Some also consider nuclear power a renewable power source , although this is controversial, as nuclear energy requires mining uranium, a nonrenewable resource. Renewable energy installations can be large or small and are suited for both urban and rural areas. Renewable energy is often deployed together with further electrification . This has several benefits: electricity can move heat and vehicles efficiently and is clean at the point of consumption. Variable renewable energy sources are those that have a fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power. In contrast, controllable renewable energy sources include dammed hydroelectricity , bioenergy , or geothermal power .

search term: nurses Wikipedia Page

Nursing is a health care profession that "integrates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and human functioning; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; and alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence". Nurses practice in many specialties with varying levels of certification and responsibility. Nurses comprise the largest component of most healthcare environments. There are shortages of qualified nurses in many countries.

search term: incubator Wikipedia Page

An incubator is anything that performs or facilitates various forms of incubation, and may refer to:

search term: paperwork Wikipedia Page

Paperwork refers to written documents or the work needed to create them.

search term: chime Wikipedia Page

Chimes are a percussion instrument, sets of bells in varying pitches.

search term: intellectuals Wikipedia Page

An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking , research , and reflection about the nature of reality , especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture , either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology , and by defending a system of values .

search term: Nikkei 225 Wikipedia Page

The Nikkei 225 , or the Nikkei Stock Average ( Japanese : 日経平均株価 , Hepburn : Nikkei heikin kabuka ) , more commonly called the Nikkei or the Nikkei index ( / ˈ n ɪ k eɪ , ˈ n iː -, n ɪ ˈ k eɪ / ), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). It is a price-weighted index , operating in the Japanese Yen (JP¥), and its components are reviewed twice a year. The Nikkei 225 measures the performance of 225 highly capitalised and liquid publicly owned companies in Japan from a wide array of industry sectors. Since 2017, the index is calculated every five seconds. It was originally launched by the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1950, and was taken over by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun ( The Nikkei ) newspaper in 1970 , when the Tokyo Exchange switched to the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX), which is weighed by market capitalisation rather than stock prices.

search term: CAC 40 Wikipedia Page

The CAC 40 ( French pronunciation: [kak kaʁɑ̃t] ) ( Cotation Assistée en Continu ) is a benchmark French stock market index . The index represents a capitalization-weighted measure of the 40 most significant stocks among the 100 largest market caps on the Euronext Paris (formerly the Paris Bourse). It is a price return index . It is one of the main national indices of the pan-European stock exchange group Euronext alongside Euronext Amsterdam 's AEX , Euronext Brussels ' BEL20 , Euronext Dublin 's ISEQ 20 , Euronext Lisbon 's PSI-20 and the Oslo Bors OBX Index . It is an index without dividends. Cotation operates every working day from 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. It is updated every 15 seconds.

search term: social unrest Wikipedia Page

Civil disorder , also known as civil disturbance , civil unrest , civil strife , or turmoil , are situations when law enforcement and security forces struggle to maintain public order or tranquility.

search term: Venezuela Wikipedia Page

Venezuela , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a country on the northern coast of South America , consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea . It comprises an area of 916,445 km (353,841 sq mi), and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas . The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean , on the west by Colombia , Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana . Venezuela consists of 23 states , the Capital District , and federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north and in the capital.

*The German Welser Armada exploring Venezuela* , German Welsers ruled Venezuela from 1528 to 1546, before it was retaken by the Spanish Empire. Painting of 1560 by Hieronymus Köler.

search term: human equality Wikipedia Page

Social equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within society have equal rights, liberties, and status, possibly including civil rights , freedom of expression , autonomy , and equal access to certain public goods and social services .

search term: universal human rights Wikipedia Page

Human rights are universally recognized moral principles or norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both national and international laws . These rights are considered inherent and inalienable, meaning they belong to every individual simply by virtue of being human , regardless of characteristics like nationality, ethnicity, religion, or socio-economic status. They encompass a broad range of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, such as the right to life , freedom of expression , protection against enslavement , and right to education .

search term: beep Wikipedia Page

search term: warning signal Wikipedia Page

Aposematism is the advertising by an animal, whether terrestrial or marine, to potential predators that it is not worth attacking or eating. This unprofitability may consist of any defenses that make the prey difficult to kill and eat, such as toxicity, venom , foul taste or smell, sharp spines, or aggressive nature. These advertising signals may take the form of conspicuous coloration , sounds , odours , or other perceivable characteristics. Aposematic signals are beneficial for both predator and prey, because both avoid potential harm.

The bright colours of this granular poison frog signal a warning to predators of its toxicity .

search term: clock Wikipedia Page

A clock or chronometer is a device that measures and displays time . The clock is one of the oldest human inventions , meeting the need to measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units such as the day , the lunar month , and the year . Devices operating on several physical processes have been used over the millennia .

search term: boundary Wikipedia Page

Boundary or Boundaries may refer to:

search term: Gigaclock Wikipedia Page

There were no results matching the query.

search term: positive feedback loop Wikipedia Page

Positive feedback ( exacerbating feedback , self-reinforcing feedback ) is a process that occurs in a feedback loop where the outcome of a process reinforces the inciting process to build momentum. As such, these forces can exacerbate the effects of a small disturbance. That is, the effects of a perturbation on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation. That is, A produces more of B which in turn produces more of A . In contrast, a system in which the results of a change act to reduce or counteract it has negative feedback . Both concepts play an important role in science and engineering, including biology, chemistry, and cybernetics .

search term: geoengineering Wikipedia Page

Geoengineering (also known as climate engineering or climate intervention ) is the deliberate large-scale interventions in the Earth’s climate system intended to counteract human-caused climate change . The term commonly encompasses two broad categories: large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation modification (SRM). CDR involves techniques to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and is generally considered a form of climate change mitigation . SRM aims to reduce global warming by reflecting a small portion of sunlight (solar radiation) away from Earth and back into space. Although historically grouped together, these approaches differ substantially in mechanisms, timelines, and risk profiles, and are now typically discussed separately. Some other large-scale engineering proposals—such as interventions to slow the melting of polar and alpine ice—are also sometimes classified as forms of geoengineering.

search term: Dalai Lama Wikipedia Page

The Dalai Lama ( UK : / ˈ d æ l aɪ ˈ l ɑː m ə / , US : / ˈ d ɑː l aɪ / ; Tibetan : ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་ , Wylie : Tā la'i bla ma [táːlɛː láma] ) is the head of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism . The term is part of the full title "Holiness Knowing Everything Vajradhara Dalai Lama" given by Altan Khan , the first Shunyi King of Ming China . He offered it in appreciation to the Gelug school's then-leader, Sonam Gyatso, who received it in 1578 at Yanghua Monastery. At that time, Sonam Gyatso had just given teachings to the Khan, and so the title of Dalai Lama was also given to the entire tulku lineage. Sonam Gyatso became the 3rd Dalai Lama , while the first two tulkus in the lineage, the 1st Dalai Lama and the 2nd Dalai Lama , were posthumously awarded the title.

search term: coal power Wikipedia Page

A coal-fired power station or coal power plant is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate electricity . Worldwide there are about 2,500 coal-fired power stations, on average capable of generating a gigawatt each. They generate about a third of the world's electricity , but cause many illnesses and the most early deaths per unit of energy produced, mainly from air pollution . World installed capacity doubled from 2000 to 2023 and increased 2% in 2023.

search term: sun Wikipedia Page

The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System . It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma , heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light and infrared radiation with 10% at ultraviolet energies. It is the main source of energy for life on Earth . The Sun has been an object of veneration in many cultures and a central subject for astronomical research since antiquity .

search term: Whiplash Wikipedia Page

Whiplash may refer to:

search term: Energy Transition Wikipedia Page

An energy transition (or energy system transformation ) is a major structural change to energy supply and consumption in an energy system . Currently, a transition to sustainable energy is underway to limit climate change . Most of the sustainable energy is renewable energy . Therefore, another term for energy transition is renewable energy transition . The current transition aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from energy quickly and sustainably, mostly by phasing-down fossil fuels and changing as many processes as possible to operate on low carbon electricity . A previous energy transition perhaps took place during the Industrial Revolution from 1760 onwards, from wood and other biomass to coal , followed by oil and later natural gas .

search term: International Energy Agency Wikipedia Page

The International Energy Agency ( IEA ) is a Paris -based autonomous intergovernmental organization , established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global energy sector. The 32 member countries and 13 association countries of the IEA represent 75% of global energy demand.

search term: wind Wikipedia Page

Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface . Winds occur on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hours, to global winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate zones on Earth . The study of wind is called anemology .

search term: solar power Wikipedia Page

Solar power , also known as solar electricity , is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar power . Solar panels use the photovoltaic effect to convert light into an electric current . Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight to a hot spot, often to drive a steam turbine .

Schematics of a grid-connected residential PV power system

search term: clean energy Wikipedia Page

Energy is sustainable if it "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Definitions of sustainable energy usually look at its effects on the environment, the economy, and society. These impacts range from greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution to energy poverty and toxic waste . Renewable energy sources such as wind , hydro , solar , and geothermal energy can cause environmental damage but are generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel sources.

search term: Biomass Wikipedia Page

Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms. In the latter context, there are variations in how biomass is defined, e.g., only from plants, from plants and algae, from plants and animals. The vast majority of biomass used for bioenergy does come from plants and fecal matter. Bioenergy is a type of renewable energy that the bioenergy industry claims has the potential to assist with climate change mitigation .

search term: motorways Wikipedia Page

A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway , motorway , and expressway . Other similar terms include throughway or thruway and parkway . Some of these may be limited-access highways , although this term can also refer to a class of highways with somewhat less isolation from other traffic.

search term: consumption Wikipedia Page

Consumption may refer to:

search term: US government Wikipedia Page

The federal government of the United States ( U.S. federal government or U.S. government ) is the national government of the United States .

search term: rights Wikipedia Page

Rights are legal , social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement ; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention , or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics , especially theories of justice and deontology .

search term: bullseye Wikipedia Page

Bullseye or Bull's Eye may refer to:

search term: umbrellas Wikipedia Page

An umbrella ( parasol or rarely parapluie) is a folding canopy supported by wooden or metal ribs that is mounted on a wooden, metal, or plastic pole. It is usually designed to protect a person against sun or rain . Initially they were used in warmer countries for shade from the sun. In modern times they evolved to be used also for protection from rains. The term umbrella is etymologically to be used when protecting from the sun but, is commonly also used when protecting from rains. Some countries specifically use the words parasol and parapluie to differentiate based on their use.

search term: freeze frame Wikipedia Page

Freeze frame may refer to:

search term: open governance Wikipedia Page

Open-source governance (also known as open governance and open politics ) is a political philosophy which advocates the application of the philosophies of the open-source and open-content movements to democratic principles to enable any interested citizen to add to the creation of policy, as with a wiki document. Legislation is democratically opened to the general citizenry, employing their collective wisdom to benefit the decision-making process and improve democracy.

search term: races Wikipedia Page

Race , RACE or The Race may refer to:

search term: word Wikipedia Page

A word is a basic element of language that carries meaning , can be used on its own, and is uninterruptible. Despite the fact that language speakers often have an intuitive grasp of what a word is, there is no consensus among linguists on its definition and numerous attempts to find specific criteria of the concept remain controversial. Different standards have been proposed, depending on the theoretical background and descriptive context; these do not converge on a single definition. Some specific definitions of the term "word" are employed to convey its different meanings at different levels of description, for example based on phonological , grammatical or orthographic basis. Others suggest that the concept is simply a convention used in everyday situations.

Sign of a New Zealand hill with an unusually long one-word name: Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu (85 characters )

search term: mob rule Wikipedia Page

Mob rule or ochlocracy or mobocracy is a pejorative term describing an oppressive majoritarian form of government controlled by the common people through the intimidation of authorities. Ochlocracy is distinguished from democracy or similarly legitimate and representative governments by the absence or impairment of a procedurally civil process reflective of the entire polity.

search term: people Wikipedia Page

The term " the people " refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity . As such it is a concept of human rights law , international law as well as constitutional law , particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty . In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law , the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation .

search term: paranoia Wikipedia Page

Paranoia is an instinct or thought process that is believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety , suspicion , or fear , often to the point of delusion and irrationality . Paranoid thinking typically includes persecutory beliefs, or beliefs of conspiracy concerning a perceived threat towards oneself (e.g., "Everyone is out to get me" ). Paranoia is distinct from phobias , which also involve irrational fear, but usually no blame.

search term: calendar Wikipedia Page

search term: Champ de Mars Wikipedia Page

The Champ de Mars is a large public greenspace in Paris , France , located in the seventh arrondissement , between the Eiffel Tower to the northwest and the École Militaire to the southeast. The park is named after the Campus Martius ("Mars Field") in Rome , which was dedicated to the god Mars. The name alludes to the fact that the lawns here were formerly used as drilling and marching grounds by the French military.

search term: York Wikipedia Page

York is a cathedral city in North Yorkshire , England, with Roman origins , sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss . It has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a minster , castle and city walls , all of which are Grade I listed . It is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the wider City of York district. It is located 27 miles (43 km) north-east of Leeds , 90 miles (140 km) south of Newcastle upon Tyne and 207 miles (333 km) north of London . York's built-up area had a recorded population of 141,685 at the 2021 census .

search term: Cyrus the Great Wikipedia Page

Invasion of Babylonia

search term: Babylonian Empire Wikipedia Page

Babylonia ( / ˌ b æ b ɪ ˈ l oʊ n i ə / ; Akkadian : 𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 , māt Akkadī ) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based on the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria ). It emerged as an Akkadian-populated but Amorite -ruled state c. 1894 BC . During the reign of Hammurabi and afterwards, Babylonia was retrospectively called "the country of Akkad" ( māt Akkadī in Akkadian), a deliberate archaism in reference to the previous glory of the Akkadian Empire . It was often involved in rivalry with the linguistically related state of Assyria in Upper Mesopotamia , and with Elam to the east. Babylonia briefly became the major power in the region after Hammurabi ( fl. c. 1792 –1752 BC middle chronology, or c. 1696 –1654 BC, short chronology ) created a short-lived empire, succeeding the earlier Akkadian Empire, Third Dynasty of Ur , and Old Assyrian Empire . The Babylonian Empire rapidly fell apart after the death of Hammurabi and reverted to a small kingdom centered around the city of Babylon.

search term: Persian King Wikipedia Page

The monarchs of Iran ruled for over two and a half millennia, beginning as early as the 8th century BC and enduring until the 20th century AD. The earliest Iranian monarch is generally considered to have been either Deioces of the Median dynasty ( c. 727–550 BC ) or Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty (550–330 BC). The last Iranian monarch was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of the Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979), who was overthrown in the Islamic Revolution . Since then, Iran has been governed by theocratic supreme leaders .

search term: Allied powers Wikipedia Page

Allied powers are nations that have joined in an alliance . More specifically, the term may refer to:

search term: Axis powers Wikipedia Page

The Axis powers , originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis , was the military coalition which initiated World War II and fought against the Allies . Its principal members were Nazi Germany , the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Japan . The Axis were united in their far-right positions and general opposition to the Allies, but otherwise lacked comparable coordination and ideological cohesion.

search term: human dignity Wikipedia Page

search term: World War II Wikipedia Page

Mediterranean and Middle East

search term: selflessness Wikipedia Page

Selflessness may refer to:

search term: recklessness Wikipedia Page

search term: electric bulb Wikipedia Page

An incandescent light bulb , also known as an incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe , is an electric light that produces illumination by Joule heating a filament until it glows . The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb that is either evacuated or filled with inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation . Electric current is supplied to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass. A bulb socket provides mechanical support and electrical connections.

search term: Basque region Wikipedia Page

Basque Country may refer to:

search term: German Luftwaffe Wikipedia Page

The Luftwaffe was the air force of Nazi Germany before and during World War II.

search term: demolition Wikipedia Page

Demolition (also known as razing and wrecking ) is the science and engineering in safely and efficiently tearing down buildings and other artificial structures . Demolition contrasts with deconstruction , which involves taking a building apart while carefully preserving valuable elements for reuse purposes.

search term: Nazis Wikipedia Page

Nazism ( / ˈ n ɑː t s i ɪ z əm , ˈ n æ t -/ NA(H)T -see-iz-əm ), formally named National Socialism ( NS ; German : Nationalsozialismus , German: [natsi̯oˈnaːlzotsi̯aˌlɪsmʊs] ), is the far-right totalitarian ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During Hitler's rise to power , it was frequently called Hitler Fascism and Hitlerism . The term " neo-Nazism " is applied to far-right groups formed after World War II with similar ideology.

search term: Guernica painting Wikipedia Page

Guernica is a large 1937 oil painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso . It is one of his best-known works, regarded by many art critics as the most moving and powerful anti-war painting in history. It is exhibited in the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid .

search term: stupidity Wikipedia Page

Stupidity is a lack of intelligence , understanding , reason , or wit , an inability to learn. It may be innate, assumed or reactive. The word stupid comes from the Latin word stupere . Stupid characters are often used for comedy in fictional stories. Walter B. Pitkin called stupidity "evil", but in a more Romantic spirit William Blake and Carl Jung believed stupidity can be the mother of wisdom .

search term: autocracy Wikipedia Page

Autocracy is a form of government in which absolute power is held by one person, known as an autocrat . It includes absolute monarchy and all forms of dictatorship , while it is contrasted with democracy and other forms of free government. The autocrat has total control over the exercise of civil liberties within the autocracy, choosing under what circumstances they may be exercised, if at all. Governments may also blend elements of autocracy and democracy, forming a mixed type of regime sometimes referred to as anocracy , hybrid regime , or electoral autocracy . The concept of autocracy has been recognized in political philosophy since ancient history .

search term: French society Wikipedia Page

French Society may refer to:

search term: Public Safety Wikipedia Page

Public security or public safety is the prevention of and protection from events that could endanger the safety and security of the public through significant injury or property damage . It is often conducted by a state government to ensure the protection of citizens, persons in their territory, organizations, and institutions against threats to their well-being, survival, and prosperity.

search term: factionalism Wikipedia Page

Faction or factionalism may refer to:

search term: tribalism Wikipedia Page

Tribalism is the state of being organized by, or advocating for, tribes or tribal lifestyles. Human evolution primarily occurred in small hunter-gatherer groups, as opposed to in larger and more recently settled agricultural societies or civilizations . With a negative connotation and in a political context, tribalism can also mean discriminatory behavior or attitudes towards out-groups , based on in-group loyalty.

search term: Latin verse Wikipedia Page

The history of Latin poetry can be understood as the adaptation of Greek models. The verse comedies of Plautus , the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature , are estimated to have been composed around 205–184 BC.

search term: air guitar Wikipedia Page

Air guitar is a form of movement in which the performer pretends to play an imaginary rock or heavy metal -style electric guitar , including riffs and solos. Playing an air guitar usually consists of exaggerated strumming and picking motions, and is often coupled with loud singing or lip-synching . Air guitar is generally used in the imaginary simulation of loud electric or acoustic guitar music.

Joe Cocker 's signature movements helped lead to air guitar.

search term: reference Wikipedia Page

In logic , a reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. It is called a name for the second object. The next object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the referent of the first object. A name is usually a phrase or expression, or some other symbolic representation . Its referent may be anything – a material object, a person, an event, an activity, or an abstract concept.

search term: civic gospel Wikipedia Page

The Civic Gospel was a philosophy of municipal activism and improvement that emerged in Birmingham , England, in the mid-19th century. Tracing its origins to the teaching of independent nonconformist preacher George Dawson , who declared that "a town is a solemn organism through which shall flow, and in which shall be shaped, all the highest, loftiest and truest ends of man's moral nature", it reached its culmination in the mayoralty of Joseph Chamberlain between 1873 and 1876. After Dawson's death in 1876 it was the Congregationalist pastor R. W. Dale who took on the role as the movement's leading nonconformist spokesman. Other major proponents included the Baptist Charles Vince and the Unitarian H. W. Crosskey .

search term: Terror Wikipedia Page

Terror(s) or The Terror may refer to:

search term: comfort zone Wikipedia Page

A comfort zone is a familiar psychological state where people are at ease and (perceive they are) in control of their environment, experiencing low levels of anxiety and stress .

search term: kindness Wikipedia Page

Kindness is a type of behavior marked by acts of generosity, consideration, or concern for others, without expecting praise or reward in return. It is a subject of interest in philosophy , religion , and psychology .

search term: claustrophobia Wikipedia Page

Claustrophobia is a fear or anxiety of confined spaces. It is triggered by many situations or stimuli , including elevators , especially when crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and hotel rooms with closed doors and sealed windows. Even bedrooms with a lock on the outside, small cars, and tight-necked clothing can induce a response in those with claustrophobia. It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder , which often results in panic attacks . The onset of claustrophobia has been attributed to many factors, including a reduction in the size of the amygdala , classical conditioning , or a genetic predisposition to fear small spaces.

search term: thought bubble Wikipedia Page

Speech balloons (also speech bubbles , dialogue balloons , or word balloons ) are a graphic convention used most commonly in comic books , comics , and cartoons to allow words (and much less often, pictures) to be understood as representing a character's speech or thoughts. A formal distinction is often made between the balloon that indicates speech and the one that indicates thoughts; the balloon that conveys thoughts is often referred to as a thought bubble or conversation cloud .

search term: international organisation Wikipedia Page

An international organization , also known as an intergovernmental organization ( IGO ) or an international institution , is an organization that is established by a treaty or other type of instrument governed by international law that possesses its own legal personality, such as the United Nations , the Council of Europe , African Union , Mercosur and BRICS . International organizations are composed of primarily member states , but may also include other entities, such as other international organizations, firms, and nongovernmental organizations. Additionally, entities may hold observer status.

search term: Earth Summit Wikipedia Page

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ( UNCED ), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Conference or the Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92, Cúpula da Terra), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.

search term: Conference of the Parties Wikipedia Page

Conference of the Parties may refer to:

search term: signatures Wikipedia Page

A signature ( / ˈ s ɪ ɡ n ɪ tʃ ər , ˈ s ɪ ɡ n ə tʃ ər / ; from Latin : signare , "to sign") is a depiction of someone's name, nickname, or even a simple "X" or other mark that a person writes on documents as a proof of identity and intent. Signatures are often, but not always, handwritten or stylized. The writer of a signature is a signatory or signer . Similar to a handwritten signature, a signature work describes the work as readily identifying its creator. A signature may be confused with an autograph , which is chiefly an artistic signature. This can lead to confusion when people have both an autograph and signature and as such some people in the public eye keep their signatures private whilst fully publishing their autograph.

John Hancock 's signature is the most prominent on the United States Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation . The name "John Hancock" or just "Hancock" has become a synonym for "signature" in the United States.

search term: red line Wikipedia Page

Red Line may refer to:

search term: Gender Wikipedia Page

Gender is the range of social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man (or boy ), woman (or girl ), or third gender . Although gender often corresponds to sex , a transgender person may identify with a gender other than their sex assigned at birth . Most cultures use a gender binary , in which gender is divided into two categories, and people are considered part of one or the other; those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term non-binary . Some societies have third genders (and fourth genders , etc.) such as the hijras of South Asia and two-spirit persons native to North America . Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization ; this may include social constructs (i.e. gender roles ) as well as gender expression .

Gender symbols intertwined: the red Venus symbol (female) and the blue Mars symbol (male)

search term: brakes Wikipedia Page

A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction.

search term: European School system Wikipedia Page

search term: pass mark Wikipedia Page

Pass Mark is a 1993 Indian Tamil -language comedy film written and directed by V. Balakrishnan. The film stars Ramki and Kasthuri , while Janagaraj , Vivek , and S. S. Chandran appear in supporting roles. It was released on 23 July 1993.

search term: inflation rate Wikipedia Page

search term: bank Wikipedia Page

A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans . Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets .

This 15th-century painting depicts money-dealers at a *banca* (bench) during the Cleansing of the Temple .

search term: lending rate Wikipedia Page

In finance and economics , interest is payment from a debtor or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate. It is distinct from a fee which the borrower may pay to the lender or some third party. It is also distinct from dividend which is paid by a company to its shareholders (owners) from its profit or reserve , but not at a particular rate decided beforehand, rather on a pro rata basis as a share in the reward gained by risk taking entrepreneurs when the revenue earned exceeds the total costs.

search term: government institutions Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: interest rates Wikipedia Page

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited , or borrowed. Interest rate periods are ordinarily a year and are often annualized when not. Alongside interest rates, three other variables determine total interest: principal sum , compounding frequency , and length of time.

search term: treasure hunts Wikipedia Page

Treasure hunting is the physical search for treasure . One of the most popular types of modern day treasure hunters are historic shipwreck salvors. These underwater treasure salvors try to find sunken shipwrecks and retrieve artifacts with both commercial and archaeological value. In many instances, discovery of a wreck only occurs after searching tens of thousands of square nautical miles, thus making discovery normally impossible for archaeologists.

Massachusetts treasure hunter Sir William Phips raising treasure found from a Spanish shipwreck in 1687.

search term: website Wikipedia Page

A website (also written as a web site ) is any web page whose content is identified by a common domain name and is published on at least one web server . Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news, education, commerce, entertainment, or social media . Hyperlinking between web pages guides the navigation of the site, which often starts with a home page . The most-visited sites are Google , YouTube , and Facebook .

search term: plastic pollution Wikipedia Page

search term: press releases Wikipedia Page

A press release (also known as a media release ) is an official statement delivered to members of the news media for the purpose of providing new information, creating an official statement, or making an announcement directed for public release. Press releases are also considered a primary source , meaning they are original informants for information. A press release is traditionally composed of nine structural elements, including a headline , dateline , introduction, body, and other components. Press releases are typically delivered to news media electronically, ready to use, and sometimes subject to "do not use before" time, known as a news embargo .

search term: corn flakes Wikipedia Page

search term: international agreements Wikipedia Page

search term: British colonial rule Wikipedia Page

The British Empire comprised the dominions , colonies , protectorates , mandates , and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and colonisation attempts by Scotland during the 17th century. At its height in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it became the largest empire in history and, for a century, was the foremost global power . By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23 percent of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35.5 million km (13.7 million sq mi), 24 per cent of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional , legal , linguistic , and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described as " the empire on which the sun never sets ", as the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.

search term: Global South Wikipedia Page

Global North and Global South are terms that denote a method of grouping countries based on their defining characteristics with regard to socioeconomics and politics . According to UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the Global South broadly comprises Africa , Latin America and the Caribbean , Asia (excluding Israel , Japan , and South Korea ), and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand ). Most of the Global South's countries are commonly identified as lacking in their standard of living , which includes having lower incomes , high levels of poverty , high population growth rates , inadequate housing, limited educational opportunities, and deficient health systems , among other issues. Additionally, these countries' cities are characterized by their poor infrastructure . Opposite to the Global South is the Global North, which the UNCTAD describes as broadly comprising Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. Consequently the two groups do not correspond to the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Hemisphere , as many of the Global South's countries are geographically located in the north and vice-versa.

search term: media censorship Wikipedia Page

Censorship is the suppression of speech , public communication, or other information . This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments and private institutions. When an individual such as an author or other creator engages in censorship of their own works or speech, it is referred to as self-censorship . General censorship occurs in a variety of different media, including speech, books, music, films, and other arts, the press , radio, television, and the Internet for a variety of claimed reasons including national security , to control obscenity , pornography , and hate speech , to protect children or other vulnerable groups, to promote or restrict political or religious views, and to prevent slander and libel . Specific rules and regulations regarding censorship vary between legal jurisdictions and/or private organizations.

search term: global media Wikipedia Page

Global Media may refer to:

search term: environmental issues Wikipedia Page

search term: journalists Wikipedia Page

A journalist is a person who gathers information in the form of text, audio or pictures, processes it into a newsworthy form and disseminates it to the public. This process is called journalism .

search term: climate catastrophe Wikipedia Page

A climate apocalypse is a term used to denote a predicted scenario involving the global collapse of human civilization due to climate change . Such collapse could theoretically arrive through a set of interrelated concurrent factors such as famine, extreme weather , war and conflict, and disease. There are many similar terms in use such as climate armaggedon, catastrophe, collapse, doom, doomsday, dystopia, and endgame.

search term: acceleration Wikipedia Page

In mechanics , acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Acceleration is one of several components of kinematics , the study of motion . Accelerations are vector quantities (in that they have magnitude and direction ). The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the orientation of the net force acting on that object. The magnitude of an object's acceleration, as described by Newton's second law , is the combined effect of two causes:

search term: scientists Wikipedia Page

A scientist is a person who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest.

search term: climate change deniers Wikipedia Page

Climate change denial (also global warming denial ) is a form of science denial characterized by rejecting, refusing to acknowledge, disputing, or fighting the scientific consensus on climate change , which is based on extensive and diverse evidence. Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy where none exists. Climate change denial includes raising unreasonable doubts about the extent to which climate change is caused by humans , its effects on nature and human society , and understating the costs of climate change adaptation while overstating the costs of mitigating it. To a lesser extent, climate change denial can also be implicit when people accept the science but fail to reconcile it with their belief or action . Several studies have analyzed these positions as forms of denialism , pseudoscience , or propaganda .

On the floor of the U.S. Senate , Republican Senator Jim Inhofe displayed a snowball—on 26 February 2015, in winter—as evidence the globe was not warming, in a year that was found to be Earth's warmest on record at the time. The director of NASA 's Goddard Institute for Space Studies distinguished local weather in a single location in a single week from global climate change.

search term: seesaw Wikipedia Page

A seesaw (also sometimes known as a teeter-totter in North America) is a long, narrow board supported by a single pivot point, most commonly located at the midpoint between both ends; as one end goes up, the other goes down. These are most commonly found at parks and school playgrounds.

search term: geological Wikipedia Page

Geology is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical bodies , the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. The name comes from Ancient Greek γῆ ( gê ) ' earth ' and λoγία ( -logía ) ' study of, discourse ' . Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences , including hydrology . It is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science .

search term: axial tilt Wikipedia Page

In astronomy , axial tilt , also known as obliquity , is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, which is the line perpendicular to its orbital plane ; equivalently, it is the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital plane. It differs from orbital inclination .

search term: fridge magnet Wikipedia Page

A refrigerator magnet or fridge magnet is a small magnet , often attached to an artistic or whimsical ornament , which may be used to post items such as shopping lists , Christmas cards, child art or reminders on a refrigerator door, or which simply serves as decoration. Refrigerator magnets come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, and may have promotional messages placed on them. In addition to refrigerators, refrigerator magnets are commonly placed on steel-backed whiteboards and bulletin boards , as well as other metal furniture such as filing cabinets and tool chests . Refrigerator magnets are popular souvenir and collectible objects.

search term: Europeans Wikipedia Page

search term: Guatemala Wikipedia Page

Guatemala , officially the Republic of Guatemala , is a country in Central America . It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico , to the northeast by Belize , to the east by Honduras , and to the southeast by El Salvador . It is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the south and the Gulf of Honduras to the northeast.

search term: colonial genocide Wikipedia Page

Colonialism 's emphasis on imperialism , land dispossession, resource extraction , and cultural destruction frequently resulted in genocidal practices aimed at attacking Indigenous peoples and existing populations as a means to attain colonial goals. According to historian Patrick Wolfe , "[t]he question of genocide is never far from discussions of settler colonialism ." Historians have commented that although colonialism does not necessarily directly involve genocide , research suggests that the two share a connection.

search term: aboriginal people Wikipedia Page

There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples , although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model.

search term: Rwandan genocide Wikipedia Page

The Rwandan genocide , also known as the genocide against the Tutsi or the Tutsi genocide , occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War . Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa , were systematically killed by Hutu militias. While the Rwandan Constitution states that over 1 million people were killed, most scholarly estimates suggest between 500,000 and 662,000 Tutsi died, mostly men. The genocide was marked by extreme violence, with victims often murdered by neighbours, and widespread sexual violence, with between 250,000 and 500,000 women raped.

search term: Cambodia Wikipedia Page

Cambodia , officially the Kingdom of Cambodia , is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia . It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline along the Gulf of Thailand in the southwest. It spans an area of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles ), dominated by a low-lying plain and the confluence of the Mekong river and Tonlé Sap , Southeast Asia 's largest lake. It is dominated by a tropical climate . Cambodia has a population of about 17 million people, the majority of which are ethnically Khmer . Its capital and most populous city is Phnom Penh , followed by Siem Reap and Battambang .

search term: Pol Pot Wikipedia Page

Pol Pot (born Saloth Sâr ; 25 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian politician, revolutionary, and dictator who ruled the communist state of Democratic Kampuchea from 1975 until his overthrow in 1979. During his reign, his administration oversaw mass atrocities and he is widely believed to be one of the most brutal despots in modern world history. Ideologically a Maoist and Khmer ethnonationalist , Pot was a leader of Cambodia's Communist movement, known as the Khmer Rouge , from 1963 to 1997. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea from 1963 to 1981, during which Cambodia was converted into a one-party state . Between 1975 and 1979, the Khmer Rouge perpetrated the Cambodian genocide , in which an estimated 1.5–2 million people died—approximately one-quarter of the country's pre-genocide population . In December 1978, Vietnam invaded Cambodia to remove the Khmer Rouge from power. Within two weeks Vietnamese forces occupied most of the country, ending the genocide and establishing a new Cambodian government , with the Khmer Rouge restricted to the rural hinterlands in the western part of the country.

search term: Chile Wikipedia Page

Chile , officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in western South America . It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica , stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean . Chile had a population of 18.5 million as of the latest census in 2024 and has a territorial area of 756,102 square kilometers (291,933 sq mi), sharing borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández , Isla Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island , and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory . The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago , and the national language is Spanish .

search term: pointing finger Wikipedia Page

Pointing finger may refer to:

search term: shopping malls Wikipedia Page

A shopping mall (or simply mall ) is a large indoor shopping center , usually anchored by department stores . The term mall originally meant a pedestrian promenade with shops along it, but in the late 1960s, it began to be used as a generic term for the large enclosed shopping centers that were becoming increasingly commonplace. In the United Kingdom and other countries, shopping malls may be called shopping centres .

search term: cars Wikipedia Page

A car , or an automobile , is a motor vehicle with wheels . Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads , seat 1-8 people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than cargo . There are around 1.644 billion cars in use worldwide as of January 2025.

search term: Uganda Wikipedia Page

Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda , is a landlocked country in East Africa . It is bordered to the east by Kenya , to the north by South Sudan , to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo , to the south-west by Rwanda , and to the south by Tanzania . The southern part includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria , shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region, lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied equatorial climate . As of 2024 it had a population of 49.3 million, of whom 8.5 million lived in the capital and largest city, Kampala .

search term: Kenya Wikipedia Page

Kenya , officially the Republic of Kenya , is a country located in East Africa . With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi . The second-largest and oldest city is Mombasa , a major port city located on Mombasa Island . Other major cities within the country include Kisumu , Nakuru and Eldoret . Going clockwise Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest (though much of that border includes the disputed Ilemi Triangle ), Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the east, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, Tanzania to the southwest, and Lake Victoria and Uganda to the west.

search term: monsoon rains Wikipedia Page

A monsoon ( / m ɒ n ˈ s uː n / ) is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between its limits to the north and south of the equator. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase. The term is also sometimes used to describe locally heavy but short-term rains.

search term: subcontinent Wikipedia Page

A continent is any of several large terrestrial geographical regions. Continents are generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria. A continent could be a single large landmass , a part of a very large landmass, as in the case of Asia or Europe within Eurasia , or a landmass and nearby islands within its continental shelf . Due to these varying definitions, the number of continents varies; up to seven or as few as four geographical regions are commonly regarded as continents. Most English-speaking countries recognize seven regions as continents. In order from largest to smallest in area, these seven regions are Asia , Africa , North America , South America , Antarctica , Europe , and Australia (sometimes called Oceania or Australasia ). Different variations with fewer continents merge some of these regions; examples of this are merging Asia and Europe into Eurasia , North America and South America into the Americas (or simply America), and Africa, Asia, and Europe into Afro-Eurasia .

search term: draught Wikipedia Page

Draft , the draft , or draught may refer to:

search term: Bengali Famine Wikipedia Page

There have been several significant famines in the history of Bengal (now independent Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal ) including:

search term: wellcomeimages Wikipedia Page

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search term: British Empire Wikipedia Page

search term: transport Wikipedia Page

Transport (in British English ) or transportation (in American English ) is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air , land ( rail and road ), water , cable , pipelines , and space . The field can be divided into infrastructure , vehicles , and operations. Transport enables human trade , which is essential for the development of civilizations .

search term: communications Wikipedia Page

Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information . Its precise definition is disputed and there are disagreements about whether unintentional or failed transmissions are included and whether communication not only transmits meaning but also creates it. Models of communication are simplified overviews of its main components and their interactions. Many models include the idea that a source uses a coding system to express information in the form of a message. The message is sent through a channel to a receiver who has to decode it to understand it. The main field of inquiry investigating communication is called communication studies .

search term: inefficiencies Wikipedia Page

Efficiency is the often measurable ability to avoid making mistakes or wasting materials , energy, efforts, money, and time while performing a task. In a more general sense, it is the ability to do things well, successfully, and without waste.

search term: Colonial rule Wikipedia Page

search term: Indian famines Wikipedia Page

Famine has been a recurrent feature of life in the South Asian subcontinent countries of India and Bangladesh , most commonly cited as a feature of British rule . Famines in India resulted in millions of deaths over the course of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. Famines in British India were severe enough to have a substantial impact on the long-term population growth of the country in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Victims of the Great Famine of 1876–78 in India, pictured in 1877

search term: Cold War Wikipedia Page

The Cold War was a period of global geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc , which began in the aftermath of the Second World War and ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The term cold war is used because there was no direct fighting between the two superpowers , though each supported opposing sides in regional conflicts known as proxy wars . In addition to the struggle for ideological and economic influence and an arms race in both conventional and nuclear weapons , the Cold War was expressed through technological rivalries such as the Space Race , espionage , propaganda campaigns , embargoes , and sports diplomacy .

search term: human biology Wikipedia Page

Human biology is an interdisciplinary area of academic study that examines humans through the influences and interplay of many diverse fields such as genetics , evolution , physiology , anatomy , epidemiology , anthropology , ecology , nutrition , population genetics , and sociocultural influences. It is closely related to the biomedical sciences , biological anthropology and other biological fields tying in various aspects of human functionality. It wasn't until the 20th century when biogerontologist, Raymond Pearl , founder of the journal Human Biology , phrased the term "human biology" in a way to describe a separate subsection apart from biology.

search term: WikiCommons Wikipedia Page

Wikimedia Commons , Wikicommons, or simply Commons , is a wiki-based media repository of free-to-use images, sounds, videos and other media. It is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation .

search term: Latin words Wikipedia Page

This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in the English language .

search term: xenophobia Wikipedia Page

Xenophobia (from Ancient Greek ξένος ( xénos ) ' strange, foreign, or alien ' and φόβος (phóbos) ' fear ' ) is the fear or dislike of anything that is perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists between an in-group and an out-group and it may manifest itself in suspicion of one group's activities by members of the other group, a desire to eliminate the presence of the group that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national , ethnic , or racial identity .

search term: British nationalism Wikipedia Page

British nationalism asserts that the British are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Britons , in a definition of Britishness that may include people of English , Scottish , Welsh , and Northern Irish descent. British nationalism is closely associated with British unionism , which seeks to uphold the political union that is the United Kingdom , or strengthen the links between the countries of the United Kingdom.

search term: double entry bookkeeping Wikipedia Page

Double-entry bookkeeping , also known as double-entry accounting , is a method of bookkeeping in which every financial transaction is recorded with equal and opposite entries in at least two accounts, ensuring that total debits equal total credits. The double-entry system records two sides, known as debit and credit , following the principle that for every debit there must be an equal and opposite credit. A transaction in double-entry bookkeeping always affects at least two accounts, always includes at least one debit and one credit, and always has total debits and total credits that are equal. The purpose of double-entry bookkeeping is to maintain accuracy in financial records and allow detection of errors or fraud .

search term: South America Wikipedia Page

South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere , with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere . It can also be described as the southern subregion of the Americas .

search term: Ultra Wikipedia Page

search term: Developed nations Wikipedia Page

A developed country , or advanced country , is a country that has a high quality of life , developed economy , and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income , level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank ; moreover, HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy, education, and income per capita. In 2025 , 40 countries fit all three criteria, while an additional 22 countries fit two out of three.

search term: flags Wikipedia Page

A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular ) with distinctive colours and design, often flown from a pole and used for symbolic , signaling, or decorative purposes. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed on such pieces of fabric. The study of flags is known as " vexillology " from the Latin vexillum , meaning "flag" or " banner ".

search term: national interests Wikipedia Page

The national interest is a sovereign state 's goals and ambitions – be they economic, military, cultural, or otherwise – taken to be the aim of its government .

search term: global consciousness Wikipedia Page

The global brain is a neuroscience-inspired and futurological vision of the planetary information and communications technology network that interconnects all humans and their technological artifacts. As this network stores ever more information , takes over ever more functions of coordination and communication from traditional organizations, and becomes increasingly intelligent , it increasingly plays the role of a brain for the planet Earth . In the philosophy of mind , global brain finds an analog in Averroes's theory of the unity of the intellect .

search term: moral imagination Wikipedia Page

search term: jugg Wikipedia Page

In toss juggling , a flash is either a form of numbers juggling where each ball in a juggling pattern is only thrown and caught once or it is a juggling trick where every prop is simultaneously in the air and both hands are empty.

search term: external Wikipedia Page

External may refer to:

search term: monarchies Wikipedia Page

A monarchy is a hereditary form of government in which political power is legally passed on to the family members of the monarch , a head of state who rules for life. While monarchs gain their power depending on specific succession laws, they can also gain their authority via election .

search term: racist Wikipedia Page

search term: mantra Wikipedia Page

A mantra ( / ˈ m æ n t r ə , ˈ m ʌ n -/ MAN -trə, MUN - ; Pali : mantra ) or mantram ( Devanagari : मन्त्रम्) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes , or group of words (most often in an Indo-Iranian language like Sanskrit or Avestan ) believed by practitioners to have religious, magical or spiritual powers. Some mantras have a syntactic structure and a literal meaning, while others do not.

search term: Royal Charter Wikipedia Page

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent . Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws , the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate . They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters ), universities and learned societies , and were historically used to establish companies .

search term: private army Wikipedia Page

A private army (or private military ) is a military force under the command of a private person or organization, rather than a nation or state.

search term: King James I Wikipedia Page

James I may refer to:

search term: logo Wikipedia Page

A logo (abbreviation of logotype ; from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos) ' word, speech ' and τύπος (túpos) ' mark, imprint ' ) is a graphic mark, emblem , or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name that it represents, as in a wordmark .

search term: Moghul Empire Wikipedia Page

The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia . At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India .

search term: Ming Dynasty Wikipedia Page

The Ming dynasty , officially the Great Ming , was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol -led Yuan dynasty . The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people , the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty ), numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family , collectively called the Southern Ming , survived until 1662.

search term: conquest Wikipedia Page

Conquest involves the annexation or control of another entity's territory through war or coercion . Historically, conquests occurred frequently in the international system, and there were limited normative or legal prohibitions against conquest.

search term: British economy Wikipedia Page

The United Kingdom has a highly developed social market economy . From 2017 to 2025 it has been the sixth-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), tenth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), and about 18th by nominal GDP per capita , constituting 3.38% of world GDP and 2.13% by purchasing power parity (PPP).

search term: British Army Wikipedia Page

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom . As of 1 January 2025, the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Gurkhas , 25,742 volunteer reserve personnel and 4,697 "other personnel", for a total of 108,413.

search term: musical chairs Wikipedia Page

Musical chairs is a game of elimination involving players, chairs, and music. It is a staple of many parties worldwide.

search term: nationalized Wikipedia Page

Nationalization ( nationalisation in British English ) is the process of transforming privately owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state . Nationalization contrasts with privatization and with demutualization . When previously nationalized assets are privatized and subsequently returned to public ownership at a later stage, they are said to have undergone renationalization (or deprivatization ). Industries often subject to nationalization include telephones , electric power , fossil fuels , iron ore , railways , airlines , media , postal services , banks , and water (sometimes called the commanding heights of the economy ), and in many jurisdictions such entities have no history of private ownership.

search term: branding Wikipedia Page

Branding may refer to:

search term: Deccan Plateau Wikipedia Page

The Deccan plateau ( IPA: /dekən/ ) extends over an area of 422,000 km (163,000 sq mi) on the southern part of the Indian peninsula . It stretches from the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges in the north to the northern fringes of Tamil Nadu in the south. It is bound by the mountain ranges of the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats on the sides, which separate the region from the Western and Eastern Coastal Plains respectively. It covers most of the Indian States of Maharashtra , Karnataka , Telangana and Andhra Pradesh excluding the coastal regions, and minor portions of Tamil Nadu and Kerala .

search term: amine Wikipedia Page

In chemistry , amines ( / ə ˈ m iː n , ˈ æ m iː n / , UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / ) are organic compounds that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. Amines are formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. The nitrogen atom in an amine possesses a lone pair of electrons. Amines can also exist as hetero cyclic compounds. Aniline ( ${\ce {C6H7N}}$ ) is the simplest aromatic amine, consisting of a benzene ring bonded to an amino (– ${\ce {NH2}}$ ) group.

search term: Indians Wikipedia Page

Indian or Indians may refer to:

search term: famine response Wikipedia Page

Famine response can refer to:

search term: wheat Wikipedia Page

Wheat is a group of wild and domesticated grasses of the genus Triticum ( / ˈ t r ɪ t ɪ k ə m / ). They are cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known wheat species and hybrids include the most widely grown common wheat ( T. aestivum ), spelt , durum , emmer , einkorn , and Khorasan or Kamut . The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BC.

search term: Cash crops Wikipedia Page

A cash crop , also called profit crop , is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit. It is typically purchased by parties separate from a farm . The term is used to differentiate a marketed crop from a staple crop ("subsistence crop") in subsistence agriculture , which is one fed to the producer's own livestock or grown as food for the producer's family.

search term: cash cows Wikipedia Page

A cash cow is a product or service that generates significant revenue over a long period of time for the company that sells it. They also generate more cash than they consume. Revenue “ milked ” from cash cows is often used to subsidise less profitable parts of a business.

search term: opium Wikipedia Page

Opium (also known as poppy tears , or Lachryma papaveris ) is the dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum . Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine , which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade . Opium's main psychoactive alkaloids , primarily morphine , act on μ-opioid receptors , causing analgesia and addiction with long-term use leading to tolerance, dependence, and increased cancer risk. The latex also contains the closely related opiates codeine and thebaine , and non-analgesic alkaloids such as papaverine and noscapine . The traditional, labor-intensive method of obtaining the latex is to scratch ("score") the immature seed pods (fruits) by hand; the latex leaks out and dries to a sticky yellowish residue that is later scraped off and dehydrated.

search term: coffee Wikipedia Page

Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans . Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially available. There are also various coffee substitutes .

search term: jute Wikipedia Page

Jute ( / dʒ uː t / JOOT ) is a long, rough, shiny bast fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from flowering plants in the genus Corchorus , of the mallow family Malvaceae . The primary source of the fiber is Corchorus olitorius , but such fiber is considered inferior to that derived from Corchorus capsularis .

search term: sugarcane Wikipedia Page

Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, perennial grass (in the genus Saccharum , tribe Andropogoneae ) that is used for sugar production . The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sucrose , which accumulates in the stalk internodes . Sugarcanes belong to the grass family, Poaceae , an economically important flowering plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum , and many forage crops. It is native to New Guinea .

search term: land acquisition Wikipedia Page

Eminent domain , also known as land acquisition , compulsory purchase , resumption , resumption / compulsory acquisition , or expropriation , is the compulsory acquisition of private property for public use . It does not include the power to take and transfer ownership of private property from one property owner to another private property owner without a valid public purpose. This power can be legislatively delegated by the state to municipalities, government subdivisions, or even to private persons or corporations, when they are authorized to exercise the functions of public character.

search term: northern England Wikipedia Page

Northern England , or the North of England , often referred to as simply The North , is the northern part of England and mainly corresponds to the historic counties of Cheshire , Cumberland , Durham , Lancashire , Northumberland , Westmorland and Yorkshire . Officially, it is a grouping of three statistical regions : the North East , the North West , and Yorkshire and the Humber , which had a combined population of 15.5 million at the 2021 census , an area of 37,331 km (14,414 square miles) and 17 cities .

search term: world economy Wikipedia Page

search term: modern economy Wikipedia Page

The Scientific Research Publishing ( SCIRP ) is a predatory academic publisher of open-access electronic journals , conference proceedings , and scientific anthologies that are of questionable quality. As of December 2014 , it offered 244 English-language open-access journals in the areas of science, technology, business, economy, and medicine.

search term: modernization Wikipedia Page

Modernization theory or modernisation theory holds that as societies become more economically modernized, wealthier and more educated, their political institutions become increasingly liberal democratic and rationalist . The "classical" theories of modernization of the 1950s and 1960s, most influentially articulated by Seymour Lipset , drew on sociological analyses of Karl Marx , Emile Durkheim , Max Weber , and Talcott Parsons . Modernization theory was a dominant paradigm in the social sciences in the 1950s and 1960s, and saw a resurgence after 1991, when Francis Fukuyama wrote about the end of the Cold War as confirmation of modernization theory.

search term: social fabric Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: monsoons Wikipedia Page

search term: knot density Wikipedia Page

Knot density is a traditional measure for quality of handmade or knotted pile carpets . It refers to the number of knots , or knot count , per unit of surface area - typically either per square inch ( kpsi ) or per square centimeter ( kpsc ), but also per decimeter or meter ( kpsd or kpsm ). Number of knots per unit area is directly proportional to the quality of carpet. Density may vary from 25 to 1,000 knots per square inch (4 to 155 knots per square centimetre) or higher, where ≤80 kpsi is poor quality, 120 to 330 kpsi is medium to good, and ≥330 kpsi is very good quality. The inverse , knot ratio , is also used to compare characteristics. Knot density = warp×weft while knot ratio = warp/weft. For comparison: 100,000/square meter = 1,000/square decimeter = 65/square inch = 179/ gereh .

search term: over Wikipedia Page

search term: Stock Exchange Wikipedia Page

A stock exchange , securities exchange , or bourse is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell securities , such as shares of stock , bonds and other financial instruments . Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of such securities and instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends . Securities traded on a stock exchange include stock issued by listed companies , unit trusts , derivatives , pooled investment products and bonds. Stock exchanges often function as "continuous auction" markets with buyers and sellers consummating transactions via open outcry at a central location such as the floor of the exchange or by using an electronic system to process financial transactions.

search term: Bengal region Wikipedia Page

Bengal ( / b ɛ n ˈ ɡ ɔː l / ben- GAWL ) is a geographical , ethnolinguistic , historically geopolitical region in South Asia , located north of the Bay of Bengal . Today, it is politically divided between the sovereign state of Bangladesh , the Indian state of West Bengal , and Karimganj district in the Indian state of Assam .

search term: cash flows Wikipedia Page

Cash flow , in general, refers to payments made into or out of a business, project, or financial product. It can also refer more specifically to a real or virtual movement of money .

search term: Water salinity Wikipedia Page

Salinity ( / s ə ˈ l ɪ n ɪ t i / ) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water , called saline water (see also soil salinity ). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰ ).

search term: economic history Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

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search term: British India Wikipedia Page

The provinces of India , earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns , were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia . Collectively, they have been called British India . In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods:

search term: Car ownership Wikipedia Page

Car ownership is the ownership of a car . Car ownership typically requires far fewer permits than driving that car on public roads (i.e. driver's license , car insurance , etc.).

search term: statistic Wikipedia Page

A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is any quantity computed from values in a sample which is considered for a statistical purpose. Statistical purposes include estimating a population parameter, describing a sample, or evaluating a hypothesis. The average (or mean) of sample values is a statistic. The term statistic is used both for the function (e.g., a calculation method of the average) and for the value of the function on a given sample (e.g., the result of the average calculation). When a statistic is being used for a specific purpose, it may be referred to by a name indicating its purpose.

search term: carbon output Wikipedia Page

search term: battery Wikipedia Page

Battery or batterie most often refers to:

search term: civilizations Wikipedia Page

search term: Indus Valley Wikipedia Page

The Indus ( / ˈ ɪ n d ə s / IN -dəs ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans- Himalayan river of South and Central Asia . The 3,180 km (1,980 mi) river rises in western China , flows northwest through the disputed Kashmir region, first through the Indian-administered Ladakh , and then the Pakistani-administered Gilgit-Baltistan , bends sharply to the left after the Nanga Parbat massif , and flows south-by-southwest through Pakistan , before bifurcating and emptying into the Arabian Sea , its main stem located near the port city of Karachi .

search term: chaos Wikipedia Page

Chaos or CHAOS may refer to:

search term: market economy Wikipedia Page

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment , production , and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand . The major characteristic of a market economy is the existence of factor markets that play a dominant role in the allocation of capital and the factors of production .

search term: LEDs Wikipedia Page

A light-emitting diode ( LED ) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes , releasing energy in the form of photons . The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor . White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.

search term: unregulated capitalism Wikipedia Page

Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production . Adam Smith is considered one of the primary initial writers on economic liberalism, and his writing is generally regarded as representing the economic expression of 19th-century liberalism up until the Great Depression and rise of Keynesianism in the 20th century. Historically, economic liberalism arose in response to feudalism and mercantilism .

Adam Smith was an early advocate for economic liberalism.

search term: Great Britain Wikipedia Page

Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe , consisting of the countries England , Scotland and Wales . With an area of 209,331 km (80,823 sq mi), it is the largest of the British Isles , the largest European island , and the ninth-largest island in the world . It is dominated by a maritime climate with narrow temperature differences between seasons. The island of Ireland , with an area 40 per cent that of Great Britain, is to the west – these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands and named substantial rocks , comprise the British Isles archipelago .

search term: empire Wikipedia Page

search term: Steam Power Wikipedia Page

search term: Dutch East India company Wikipedia Page

The United East India Company ( Dutch : Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie [vərˈeːnɪɣdə oːstˈɪndisə kɔmpɑˈɲi] ; abbr. VOC [veː(j)oːˈseː] ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company , was a chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies , it was granted a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia. Shares in the company could be purchased by any citizen of the Dutch Republic and bought and sold in open-air secondary markets , one of which became the Amsterdam Stock Exchange . The company possessed quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike its own coins , and establish colonies. Because it traded across multiple colonies and countries from both the East and the West, the VOC is sometimes considered to have been the world's first multinational corporation .

search term: economic system Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

Circulation model of economic flows for a closed market economy . In this model the use of natural resources and the generation of waste (like greenhouse gases ) is not included.

search term: Canaanite deity Wikipedia Page

Canaanite religion or Syro-Canaanite religions refers to the myths, cults and ritual practices of people in the land of Canaan in the southern Levant during roughly the first three millennia BC. Canaanite religions were polytheistic and in some cases monolatristic . They were influenced by neighboring cultures, particularly ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian religious practices. The pantheon was headed by the god El and his consort Asherah , with other significant deities including Baal , Anat , Astarte , and Dagon .

search term: Molok Wikipedia Page

search term: idol Wikipedia Page

Idol or Idols may refer to:

search term: Israelites Wikipedia Page

The Israelites , also known as the Children of Israel , were an ancient Semitic-speaking people who inhabited Canaan during the Iron Age . They originated as the Hebrews and spoke an archaic variety of the Hebrew language that is commonly called Biblical Hebrew by association with the Hebrew Bible . Their community consisted of the Twelve Tribes of Israel and was concentrated in Israel and Judah , which were two adjoined kingdoms whose capital cities were Samaria and Jerusalem , respectively.

search term: climate data Wikipedia Page

search term: capital accumulation Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: futures markets Wikipedia Page

A futures exchange or futures market is a central financial exchange where people can trade standardized futures contracts defined by the exchange. Futures contracts are derivatives contracts to buy or sell specific quantities of a commodity or financial instrument at a specified price with delivery set at a specified time in the future. Futures exchanges provide physical or electronic trading venues, details of standardized contracts, market and price data, clearing houses , exchange self-regulations, margin mechanisms, settlement procedures, delivery times, delivery procedures and other services to foster trading in futures contracts. Futures exchanges can be integrated under the same brand name or organization with other types of exchanges, such as stock markets , options markets , and bond markets . Futures exchanges can be organized as non-profit member-owned organizations or as for-profit organizations. Non-profit, member-owned futures exchanges benefit their members, who earn commissions and revenue acting as brokers or market makers; they are privately owned. For-profit futures exchanges earn most of their revenue from trading and clearing fees, and are often public corporations .

search term: container ships Wikipedia Page

A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership ) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers , in a technique called containerization . Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ships avoid the complex stevedoring of break-bulk shipping

search term: Earth system Wikipedia Page

Earth system science ( ESS ) is the application of systems science to the Earth . In particular, it considers interactions and 'feedbacks', through material and energy fluxes, between the Earth's sub-systems' cycles, processes and "spheres"— atmosphere , hydrosphere , cryosphere , geosphere , pedosphere , lithosphere , biosphere , and even the magnetosphere —as well as the impact of human societies on these components. At its broadest scale, Earth system science brings together researchers across both the natural and social sciences, from fields including ecology , economics , geography , geology , glaciology , meteorology , oceanography , climatology , paleontology , sociology , and space science . Like the broader subject of systems science , Earth system science assumes a holistic view of the dynamic interaction between the Earth's spheres and their many constituent subsystems fluxes and processes, the resulting spatial organization and time evolution of these systems, and their variability, stability and instability. Subsets of Earth System science include systems geology and systems ecology , and many aspects of Earth System science are fundamental to the subjects of physical geography and climate science .

search term: human welfare Wikipedia Page

Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specifically to social insurance programs which provide support only to those who have previously contributed (e.g. pensions ), as opposed to social assistance programs which provide support on the basis of need alone (e.g. most disability benefits). The International Labour Organization defines social security as covering support for those in old age , support for the maintenance of children , medical treatment , parental and sick leave , unemployment and disability benefits , and support for sufferers of occupational injury .

search term: moral conscience Wikipedia Page

Red Moon in Venus is the third studio album by American singer Kali Uchis . The album was released on March 3, 2023, through Geffen Records . The album features guest appearances by Omar Apollo , Don Toliver and Summer Walker . It is predominantly an R&B record.

search term: Vernacular Press Act Wikipedia Page

In British India, the Vernacular Press Act (1878), modelled on the Irish Press Laws, was enacted to curtail the freedom of the Indian press and prevent the expression of criticism toward British policies—notably, the opposition that had grown with the outset of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). There was also strong public opinion against Lytton's policies such as organizing Delhi Durbar (1877) when India was facing severe famine. The government adopted the Vernacular Press Act 1878 to regulate the indigenous press in order to manage strong public opinion and seditious writing producing unhappiness among the people of native region with the government. The Act was proposed by Lytton , then Viceroy of India, and was unanimously passed by the Viceroy's Council on 14 March 1878. The act excluded English-language publications as it was meant to control seditious writing in 'publications in Oriental languages' everywhere in the country, except for the South. Thus the British totally discriminated against the (non-English language) Indian Press.

search term: newspapers Wikipedia Page

A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics , business , sports , art , science , and religions . They often include materials such as opinion columns , weather forecasts , reviews of local services, obituaries , birth notices, crosswords , sudoku puzzles , editorial cartoons , comic strips , and advice columns .

Front page of the newspaper *The New York Times* on Armistice Day , 1918

search term: Bengalis Wikipedia Page

Bengalis ( Bengali : বাঙ্গালী, বাঙালি [baŋgali, baŋali] ), also rendered as endonym Bangalee , are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the Bengal region of South Asia . The current population is divided between the sovereign country Bangladesh and the Indian regions of West Bengal , Tripura , Barak Valley of Assam , Andaman and Nicobar Islands , and parts of Meghalaya , Manipur and Jharkhand . Most speak Bengali , a classical language from the Indo-Aryan language family.

search term: Famine Inquiry Commission Wikipedia Page

The Famine Inquiry Commission , also known as the Woodhead Commission , was appointed by the Government of British India in 1944 to investigate the 1943 Bengal famine . Controversially, it declined to blame the British government and emphasised the natural, rather than man-made, causes of the famine.

search term: sustainable future Wikipedia Page

search term: fake news Wikipedia Page

Fake news or information disorder is false or misleading information ( misinformation , disinformation , propaganda , and hoaxes ) claiming the aesthetics and legitimacy of news . Fake news often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity , or making money through advertising revenue. Although false news has always been spread throughout history, the term fake news was first used in the 1890s when sensational reports in newspapers were common. Nevertheless, the term does not have a fixed definition and has been applied broadly to any type of false information presented as news. It has also been used by high-profile people to apply to any news unfavorable to them. Further, disinformation involves spreading false information with harmful intent and is sometimes generated and propagated by hostile foreign actors, particularly during elections . In some definitions, fake news includes satirical articles misinterpreted as genuine, and articles that employ sensationalist or clickbait headlines that are not supported in the text. Because of this diversity of types of false news, researchers are beginning to favour information disorder as a more neutral and informative term. It can spread through fake news websites .

search term: Blue john Canyon Wikipedia Page

Bluejohn Canyon (often referred to as "Blue John Canyon") is a slot canyon in eastern Wayne County, Utah , United States. It is on BLM land just south of the boundary of the Horseshoe Canyon Unit of Canyonlands National Park .

search term: crevasse Wikipedia Page

A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet. Crevasses form as a result of the movement and resulting stress associated with the shear stress generated when two semi-rigid pieces above a plastic substrate have different rates of movement. The resulting intensity of the shear stress causes a breakage along the faces.

search term: bargaining Wikipedia Page

In the social sciences , bargaining or haggling is a type of negotiation in which the buyer and seller of a good or service debate the price or nature of a transaction . If the bargaining produces agreement on terms, the transaction takes place. It is often commonplace in poorer countries, or poorer localities within any specific country. Haggling can mostly be seen within street markets worldwide, wherein there remains no guarantee of the origin and authenticity of available products. Many people attribute it as a skill, but there remains no guarantee that the price put forth by the buyer would be acknowledged by the seller, resulting in losses of profit and even turnover in some cases. A growth in the country's GDP Per Capita Income is bound to reduce both the ill-effects of bargaining and the unscrupulous practices undertaken by vendors at street markets.

search term: political integrity Wikipedia Page

Integrity is the quality of being honest and having a consistent and uncompromising adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values . In ethics , integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or earnestness of one's actions. Integrity can stand in opposition to hypocrisy . It regards internal consistency as a virtue, and suggests that people who hold apparently conflicting values should account for the discrepancy or alter those values.

search term: Human Geography Wikipedia Page

Human geography , also known as anthropogeography , is a branch of geography that studies how people interact with places. It focuses on the spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, people, lifestyle and their environments. Examples include patterns like urban sprawl and urban redevelopment . It looks at how social interactions connect with the environment using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) methods. This multidisciplinary field draws from sociology, anthropology, economics, and environmental science, helping build a more complete understanding of how human activity shapes the spaces we live in.

search term: Mediterranean climate Wikipedia Page

A Mediterranean climate ( / ˌ m ɛ d ɪ t ə ˈ r eɪ n i ən / MED -ih-tə- RAY -nee-ən ), also called a dry summer climate , described by Köppen and Trewartha as Cs , is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typically have dry summers and wet winters, with summer conditions being hot and winter conditions typically being mild. These weather conditions are typically experienced in the majority of Mediterranean-climate regions and countries, but remain highly dependent on proximity to the ocean, elevation, and geographical location.

search term: Ireland Wikipedia Page

in Europe (dark grey)

search term: Hong Wikipedia Page

search term: Qatar Wikipedia Page

Qatar , officially the State of Qatar , is a country in West Asia . It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East ; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . The Gulf of Bahrain , an inlet of the Persian Gulf, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain . The capital is Doha , home to over 80% of the country's inhabitants. Most of the land area is made up of flat, low-lying desert .

search term: Argentina Wikipedia Page

Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in the southern half of South America . It covers an area of 2,780,085 km (1,073,397 sq mi), making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil , the fourth-largest country in the Americas , and the eighth-largest country in the world. Argentina shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces , and one autonomous city , which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands , South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands , the Southern Patagonian Ice Field , and a part of Antarctica .

search term: Russia Wikipedia Page

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a country in Eastern Europe and North Asia . It is the largest country in the world , spanning eleven time zones and sharing land borders with fourteen countries . With over 140 million people, Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous in the world . It is a highly urbanised country , with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow , the most populous metropolitan area in Europe , is the capital and largest city of Russia ; Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and cultural centre .

search term: typhoon Wikipedia Page

A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least 119 km/h (74 mph). This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin , accounting for almost one third of the world's tropical cyclones. For organizational purposes, the northern Pacific Ocean is divided into three regions: the eastern (North America to 140°W ), central (140°W to 180°), and western (180° to 100°E). The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) for tropical cyclone forecasts is in Japan , with other tropical cyclone warning centres for the northwest Pacific in Hawaii (the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ), the Philippines , and Hong Kong . Although the RSMC names each system, the main name list itself is coordinated among 18 countries that have territories threatened by typhoons each year.

search term: Idai Wikipedia Page

Intense Tropical Cyclone Idai ( / ɪ ˈ d aɪ , ˈ iː d aɪ / ) was one of the worst tropical cyclones on record to affect Africa and the Southern Hemisphere. The long-lived storm caused catastrophic damage, and a humanitarian crisis in Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Malawi, leaving more than 1,500 people dead and many more missing. Idai is the deadliest tropical cyclone recorded in the South-West Indian Ocean basin . In the Southern Hemisphere, which includes the Australian , South Pacific , and South Atlantic basins, Idai ranks as the second-deadliest tropical cyclone on record. The only system with a higher death toll is the 1973 Flores cyclone that killed 1,650 off the coast of Indonesia . Idai is also the second costliest tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean basin, behind Cyclone Chido of 2024.

search term: Mozambique Wikipedia Page

Mozambique , officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Africa to the south and southwest. The sovereign state is separated from the Comoros , Mayotte , and Madagascar through the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city is Maputo .

search term: storm surge Wikipedia Page

A storm surge , storm flood , tidal surge , or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami -like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones . It is measured as the rise in water level above the normal tidal level, and does not include waves.

search term: Beira Wikipedia Page

search term: humanitarian crisis Wikipedia Page

A humanitarian crisis (or sometimes humanitarian disaster ) is defined as a singular event or a series of events that are threatening in terms of health, safety or well-being of a community or large group of people. It may be an internal or external conflict and usually occurs throughout a large land area. Local, national and international responses are necessary in such events.

search term: Zimbabwe Wikipedia Page

Zimbabwe , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo River , bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east. The capital and largest city is Harare , and the second largest is Bulawayo .

search term: Madagascar Wikipedia Page

Madagascar , officially the Republic of Madagascar , is an island country in the Indian Ocean that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa , it is the world's fourth-largest island , the second-largest island country , and the 46th-largest country overall . Its capital and largest city is Antananarivo .

search term: Malawi Wikipedia Page

Malawi , officially the Republic of Malawi , is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa . It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over 118,484 km (45,747 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 22,224,282 (as of July 2025). Lilongwe is its capital and largest city , while the next three largest cities are Blantyre , Mzuzu , and Zomba , the former capital.

search term: cuts Wikipedia Page

Cuts or CUTS may refer to

search term: chemical engineering Wikipedia Page

Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of the operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production. Chemical engineers develop economical commercial processes to convert raw materials into useful products. Chemical engineering uses principles of chemistry , physics , mathematics , biology , and economics to efficiently use, produce, design, transport and transform energy and materials. The work of chemical engineers can range from the utilization of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the laboratory to large-scale industrial processes that convert chemicals, raw materials, living cells, microorganisms, and energy into useful forms and products. Chemical engineers are involved in many aspects of plant design and operation, including safety and hazard assessments, process design and analysis, modeling , control engineering , chemical reaction engineering , nuclear engineering , biological engineering , construction specification, and operating instructions.

search term: national economy Wikipedia Page

National economy may refer to:

search term: system thinking Wikipedia Page

search term: GHG emissions Wikipedia Page

search term: nation state Wikipedia Page

A nation state , or nation-state , is a political entity in which the state (a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory) and the nation (a community based on a common identity) are broadly or ideally congruent. "Nation state" is a more precise concept than " country " or "state", since a country or a state does not need to have a predominant national or ethnic group.

search term: diplomatic negotiations Wikipedia Page

Diplomacy is the communication by representatives of state , intergovernmental , or non-governmental institutions intended to influence events in the international system.

search term: NGOs Wikipedia Page

A non-governmental organization ( NGO ) is an entity that is not part of the government. This can include non-profit and for-profit entities. An NGO may get a significant percentage or even all of its funding from government sources. An NGO typically is thought to be a nonprofit organization that operates partially independent of government control. Nonprofit NGOs often focus on humanitarian or social issues but can also include clubs and associations offering services to members. Some nonprofit NGOs, like the World Economic Forum , may also act as lobby groups for corporations. Unlike international organizations (IOs), which directly interact with sovereign states and governments, NGOs are independent from them.

search term: document Wikipedia Page

A document is a written , drawn , presented, or memorialized representation of thought, often the manifestation of non-fictional , as well as fictional , content. The word originates from the Latin Documentum , which denotes a "teaching" or "lesson": the verb doceō denotes "to teach". In the past, the word was usually used to denote written proof useful as evidence of a truth or fact. In the Computer Age , "document" usually denotes a primarily textual computer file , including its structure and format, e.g. fonts, colors, and images . Contemporarily, "document" is not defined by its transmission medium , e.g., paper, given the existence of electronic documents . "Documentation" is distinct because it has more denotations than "document". Documents are also distinguished from " realia ", which are three-dimensional objects that would otherwise satisfy the definition of "document" because they memorialize or represent thought; documents are considered more as two-dimensional representations. While documents can have large varieties of customization, all documents can be shared freely and have the right to do so, creativity can be represented by documents, also. History, events, examples, opinions, stories etc. all can be expressed in documents.

search term: minority interests Wikipedia Page

An ethnic party is a political party that overtly presents itself as the champion of one ethnic group or sets of ethnic groups. Ethnic parties make such representation central to their voter mobilization strategy. An alternate designation is 'Political parties of minorities', but they should not be mistaken with regionalist or separatist parties, whose purpose is territorial autonomy.

search term: suffragists Wikipedia Page

Suffrage , political franchise , or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote ). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vote is called active suffrage , as distinct from passive suffrage , which is the right to stand for election. The combination of active and passive suffrage is sometimes called full suffrage .

search term: racial equality Wikipedia Page

Racial equality is when people of all races and ethnicities are treated in an egalitarian/equal manner. Racial equality occurs when institutions give individuals legal, moral, and political rights . In present-day Western society , equality among races continues to become normative. Prior to the early 1960s, attaining equality was difficult for African , Asian , and Indigenous people. However, in more recent years, legislation is being passed ensuring that all individuals receive equal opportunities in treatment, education, employment, and other areas of life. Racial equality can refer to equal opportunities or formal equality based on race or refer to equal representation or equality of outcomes for races, also called substantive equality .

search term: social forces Wikipedia Page

Social Forces (formerly The Journal of Social Forces ) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of social science published by Oxford University Press for the Department of Sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . It concentrates on sociology but also has a multidisciplinary approach, publishing works from the fields of social psychology , anthropology , political science , history , and economics . Each issue includes between 20 and 25 articles. In addition, the journal also publishes book reviews .

search term: international law Wikipedia Page

International law , also known as public international law and the law of nations , is the set of rules , norms, legal customs and standards that states and other actors feel an obligation to, and generally do, obey in their mutual relations. In international relations, actors are simply the individuals and collective entities, such as states, international organizations , and non-state groups , which can make behavioral choices, whether lawful or unlawful. Rules are formal, typically written expectations that outline required behavior, while norms are informal, often unwritten guidelines about appropriate behavior that are shaped by custom and social practice. It establishes norms for states across a broad range of domains, including war and diplomacy , economic relations , and human rights .

search term: educational programme Wikipedia Page

An educational program is a program written by the institution or ministry of education which determines the learning progress of each subject in all the stages of formal education.

search term: deep Wikipedia Page

Deep or The Deep may refer to:

search term: biscuit Wikipedia Page

A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened . They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar , chocolate , icing , jam , ginger , or cinnamon . Savoury biscuits are called crackers .

search term: COP27 Wikipedia Page

The 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference or Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC , more commonly referred to as COP27 , was the 27th United Nations Climate Change conference , held from 6 November until 20 November 2022 in Sharm El Sheikh , Egypt. It took place under the presidency of Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sameh Shoukry , with more than 92 heads of state and an estimated 35,000 representatives, or delegates, of 190 countries attending. It was the fifth climate summit held in Africa, and the first since 2016.

search term: Ralston Wikipedia Page

Ralston may refer to:

search term: Ice Age Wikipedia Page

An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere.

search term: climate policy Wikipedia Page

The politics of climate change results from different perspectives on how to respond to climate change . Global warming is driven largely by the emissions of greenhouse gases due to human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels , certain industries like cement and steel production, and land use for agriculture and forestry . Since the Industrial Revolution , fossil fuels have provided the main source of energy for economic and technological development. The centrality of fossil fuels and other carbon-intensive industries has resulted in much resistance to climate policy, despite widespread scientific consensus that such policy is necessary.

search term: crashes Wikipedia Page

Crash or CRASH may refer to:

search term: Lycra Wikipedia Page

Spandex , Lycra , or elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity . It is a polyether - polyurea copolymer that was invented in 1958 by chemist Joseph Shivers at DuPont .

search term: kinetic energy Wikipedia Page

In physics , the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion .

search term: Climate Tipping Points Wikipedia Page

In climate science , a tipping point is a critical threshold that, when crossed, leads to large, accelerating and often irreversible changes in the climate system . If tipping points are crossed, they are likely to have severe impacts on human society and may accelerate global warming . Tipping behavior is found across the climate system, for example in ice sheets , mountain glaciers , circulation patterns in the ocean , in ecosystems , and the atmosphere. Examples of tipping points include thawing permafrost , which will release methane , a powerful greenhouse gas , or melting ice sheets and glaciers reducing Earth's albedo , which would warm the planet faster. Thawing permafrost is a threat multiplier because it holds roughly twice as much carbon as the amount currently circulating in the atmosphere.

search term: cogs Wikipedia Page

COGS , used as an acronym, may refer to:

search term: ice sheets Wikipedia Page

In glaciology , an ice sheet , also known as a continental glacier , is a mass of glacial ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km (19,000 sq mi). The only current ice sheets are the Antarctic ice sheet and the Greenland ice sheet . Ice sheets are bigger than ice shelves or alpine glaciers . Masses of ice covering less than 50,000 km are termed an ice cap . An ice cap will typically feed a series of glaciers around its periphery.

search term: Cryosphere Wikipedia Page

The cryosphere is an umbrella term for those portions of Earth 's surface where water is in solid form. This includes sea ice , ice on lakes or rivers, snow , glaciers , ice caps , ice sheets , and frozen ground (which includes permafrost ). Thus, there is an overlap with the hydrosphere . The cryosphere is an integral part of the global climate system . It also has important feedbacks on the climate system . These feedbacks come from the cryosphere's influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes, clouds , the water cycle , atmospheric and oceanic circulation .

search term: Northern Hemisphere Wikipedia Page

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator . For other planets in the Solar System , north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the Solar System as Earth's North Pole .

search term: predictability Wikipedia Page

Predictability is the degree to which a correct prediction or forecast of a system 's state can be made, either qualitatively or quantitatively.

search term: probability Wikipedia Page

Probability is a branch of mathematics and statistics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probability, the more likely an event is to occur. This number is often expressed as a percentage (%), ranging from 0% to 100%. A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the coin is fair, the two outcomes ("heads" and "tails") are both equally probable; the probability of "heads" equals the probability of "tails"; and since no other outcomes are possible, the probability of either "heads" or "tails" is 1/2 (which could also be written as 0.5 or 50%).

search term: obesity Wikipedia Page

Obesity is a medical condition, considered by multiple organizations to be a disease , in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can have negative effects on health . People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg / m ; the range 25–30 kg / m is defined as overweight . Some East Asian countries use lower values to calculate obesity. Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions , particularly cardiovascular diseases , type 2 diabetes , obstructive sleep apnea , certain types of cancer , and osteoarthritis .

search term: heart attack Wikipedia Page

A myocardial infarction ( MI ), commonly known as a heart attack , occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the arteries of the heart , causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle . The most common symptom is retrosternal chest pain or discomfort that classically radiates to the left shoulder, arm, or jaw. The pain may occasionally feel like heartburn . This is the dangerous type of acute coronary syndrome .

search term: motorway bridge Wikipedia Page

A bridge is a structure that crosses an obstacle such as a river, lake, railroad, road, ravine , or other barrier. The most important function of bridges is to transport cars, trains and pedestrians, but bridges can also accommodate pipelines, buildings, wildlife, and canals.

search term: blind Wikipedia Page

Blind often refers to:

search term: chessboard Wikipedia Page

A chessboard is a game board used to play chess . It consists of 64 squares, 8 rows by 8 columns, on which the chess pieces are placed. It is square in shape and uses two colors of squares, one light and one dark, in a checkered pattern. During play, the board is oriented such that each player's near-right corner square is a light square.

search term: fruit fly Wikipedia Page

Fruit fly may refer to:

search term: banana skin Wikipedia Page

A banana peel , called banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of a banana . Banana peels are used as food for animals, an ingredient in cooking, in water purification , for manufacturing of several biochemical products as well as for jokes and comical situations.

search term: pressure points Wikipedia Page

Pressure points derive from the supposed meridian points in Traditional Chinese Medicine , Indian Ayurveda and Siddha medicine , and martial arts . They refer to areas on the human body that may produce significant pain or other effects when manipulated in a specific manner.

Muscular gouging techniques demonstration by a Marine Corps Martial Arts instructor

search term: ice melts Wikipedia Page

More Life is the fifth commercial mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake . Described and marketed as a playlist , some publications have referred to it as a mixtape. It was released on March 18, 2017, through Young Money Entertainment , Cash Money Records , and Republic Records . Production of More Life was handled by a variety of record producers, including 40 , Frank Dukes , Boi-1da , Murda Beatz , T-Minus , Nineteen85 , and Kanye West , among others. An ensemble of guest vocalists also appear, including West, Young Thug , Giggs , Skepta , Quavo , Travis Scott , 2 Chainz , Jorja Smith , Sampha , and PartyNextDoor .

search term: energy use Wikipedia Page

Energy consumption is the amount of energy used. In physics , energy consumption refers to the transformation of energy from one form to another, rather than its complete disappearance. According to the law of conservation of energy , energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted. For instance, when a light bulb "consumes" electricity, it is not destroying the electrical energy but rather converting it into light and heat . Similarly, a car "consumes" gasoline by converting its chemical energy into kinetic energy (motion) and heat. Understanding energy consumption is crucial for analyzing the efficiency of various systems and processes, as the ultimate goal is often to minimize the conversion of useful energy into less desirable forms, such as waste heat .

search term: fertilizer Wikipedia Page

A fertilizer or fertiliser is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients . Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments . Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced. For most modern agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macro nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements like rock flour for micronutrients. Farmers apply these fertilizers in a variety of ways: through dry or pelletized or liquid application processes, using large agricultural equipment, or hand-tool methods.

search term: human traffic Wikipedia Page

Human Traffic is a 1999 British independent coming of age comedy-drama film written and directed by Justin Kerrigan . A cult film of the Cool Cymru era of arts in Wales , it stars John Simm , Lorraine Pilkington , Shaun Parkes , Danny Dyer , and Nicola Reynolds .

search term: southern Europe Wikipedia Page

Southern Europe is also known as Mediterranean Europe , as its geography is marked by the Mediterranean Sea . Definitions of southern Europe include some or all of these countries and regions: Albania , Andorra , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Cyprus , Gibraltar , Greece , Italy , Kosovo , Malta , Monaco , Montenegro , North Macedonia , Portugal , San Marino , Serbia , Slovenia , southern France , southern Romania , Spain , Ticino ( Switzerland ), Turkey , and Vatican City .

search term: electrical storms Wikipedia Page

A thunderstorm , also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm , is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and thunder . Relatively weak thunderstorms are sometimes called thundershowers . Thunderstorms occur in cumulonimbus clouds . They are usually accompanied by strong winds and often produce heavy rain and sometimes snow , sleet , or hail , but some thunderstorms can produce little or no precipitation at all. Thunderstorms may line up in a series or become a rainband , known as a squall line . Strong or severe thunderstorms include some of the most dangerous weather phenomena, including large hail, strong winds, and tornadoes . Some of the most persistent severe thunderstorms, known as supercells , rotate as do cyclones. While most thunderstorms move with the mean wind flow through the layer of the troposphere that they occupy, vertical wind shear sometimes causes a deviation in their course at a right angle to the wind shear direction.

search term: heat stress Wikipedia Page

Hyperthermia , also known as overheating , is a condition in which an individual's body temperature is elevated beyond normal due to failed thermoregulation . The person's body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. According to the International Emergency Medicine Education Project , severe hyperthermia (body temperature elevation of beyond 40 °C (104 °F)) "becomes a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent disability or death". Almost half a million deaths are recorded every year from hyperthermia.

search term: Anchorage Wikipedia Page

Anchorage , officially the Municipality of Anchorage , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alaska . With a population of 291,247 at the 2020 census , it contains nearly 40 percent of the state's population. The Anchorage metropolitan area , which includes Anchorage and the neighboring Matanuska-Susitna Borough , had a population of 398,328 in 2020, accounting for more than half the state's population. At 1,706 sq mi (4,420 km ) of land area, the city is the fourth-largest by area in the U.S.

search term: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Wikipedia Page

The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service ( CAMS ) is a service implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), launched in November 11, 2014, that provides continuous data and information on atmospheric composition. CAMS, which is part of the Copernicus Programme , describes the current situation, forecasts the situation a few days ahead, and analyses consistently retrospective data records for recent years. This service has around 10 years of developments, and its current precursor project, MACC-III (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate - Interim Implementation), is delivering the pre-operational Copernicus Atmosphere Service. CAMS tracks air pollution, solar energy , greenhouse gases and climate forcing globally.

search term: CAMS Wikipedia Page

CAMS , Cams , or cams may refer to:

search term: Arctic Circle Wikipedia Page

The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles , and the northernmost of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth at about 66° 34' N. Its southern counterpart is the Antarctic Circle .

search term: Siberia Wikipedia Page

Siberia ( / s aɪ ˈ b ɪər i ə / sy- BEER -ee-ə ; Russian : Сибирь , romanized : Sibir' , IPA: [sʲɪˈbʲirʲ] ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia , from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states since the lengthy conquest of Siberia , which began with the fall of the Khanate of Sibir in 1582 and concluded with the annexation of Chukotka in 1778. Siberia is vast and sparsely populated, covering an area of over 13.1 million square kilometres (5,100,000 sq mi) – about three-quarters of Russia's total area, but home to roughly a quarter of Russia's population. Novosibirsk , Krasnoyarsk , and Omsk are the largest cities in the area.

search term: corals Wikipedia Page

Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the subphylum Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria . They typically form compact colonies of many identical individual polyps . Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.

search term: Great Barrier Reef Wikipedia Page

The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (133,000 sq mi). The reef is located in the Coral Sea , off the coast of Queensland , Australia , separated from the coast by a channel 160 kilometres (100 mi) wide in places and over 61 metres (200 ft) deep. The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms. This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps . It supports a wide diversity of life and was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1981. CNN labelled it one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World in 1997. Australian World Heritage places included it in its list in 2007. The Queensland National Trust named it a state icon of Queensland in 2006.

search term: permafrost Wikipedia Page

Permafrost (from perma- ' permanent ' and frost ) is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two years or more; the oldest permafrost has been continuously frozen for around 700,000 years. Whilst the shallowest permafrost has a vertical extent of below a meter (3 ft), the deepest is greater than 1,500 m (4,900 ft). Similarly, the area of individual permafrost zones may be limited to narrow mountain summits or extend across vast Arctic regions. The ground beneath glaciers and ice sheets is not usually defined as permafrost, so on land, permafrost is generally located beneath a so-called active layer of soil which freezes and thaws depending on the season.

search term: catastrophic Wikipedia Page

Catastrophe or catastrophic comes from the Greek κατά ( kata ) = down; στροφή ( strophē ) = turning (Greek: καταστροφή ). It may refer to the following:

search term: polar climate Wikipedia Page

The polar climate regions are characterized by a lack of warm summers but with varying winters . Every month a polar climate has an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F). Regions with a polar climate cover more than 20% of the Earth's area. Most of these regions are far from the equator and near the poles , and in this case, winter days are extremely short and summer days are extremely long. They could last for the entirety of each season or longer.

search term: ice shelves Wikipedia Page

An ice shelf is a large platform of glacial ice floating on the ocean, fed by one or multiple tributary glaciers . Ice shelves form along coastlines where the ice thickness is insufficient to displace the more dense surrounding ocean water . The boundary between the ice shelf (floating) and grounded ice (resting on bedrock or sediment ) is referred to as the grounding line; the boundary between the ice shelf and the open ocean (often covered by sea ice ) is the ice front or calving front.

search term: ice sheet Wikipedia Page

search term: geological history Wikipedia Page

Geological history may refer to:

search term: mathematician Wikipedia Page

A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems . Mathematicians are concerned with numbers , data , quantity , structure , space , models , and change .

search term: meteorologist Wikipedia Page

search term: digital computers Wikipedia Page

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations ( computation ). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs , which enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer system may refer to a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware , operating system , software , and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation; or to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster .

search term: Computer History Museum Wikipedia Page

The Computer History Museum ( CHM ) is a computer museum in Mountain View, California . The museum presents stories and artifacts of Silicon Valley and the Information Age , and explores the computing revolution and its impact on society.

search term: mathematical models Wikipedia Page

A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete system using mathematical concepts and language . The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling . Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics , natural sciences , social sciences and engineering . In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.

To analyse something with a typical "black box approach", only the behavior of the stimulus/response will be accounted for, to infer the (unknown) *box* . The usual representation of this *black box system* is a data flow diagram centered in the box.

search term: tornado Wikipedia Page

A tornado is a rotating column of air that is in contact with the surface of Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud . It is often referred to as a twister , whirlwind or cyclone , although the word cyclone is used in meteorology to name a weather system with a low-pressure area in the center around which, from an observer looking down toward the surface of the Earth, winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, and they are often (but not always) visible in the form of a condensation funnel originating from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud, with a cloud of rotating debris and dust beneath it. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 180 kilometers per hour (110 miles per hour), are about 80 meters (250 feet) across, and travel several kilometers (a few miles) before dissipating. The most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 480 kilometers per hour (300 mph), can be more than 3 kilometers (2 mi) in diameter, and can stay on the ground for more than 100 km (62 mi).

search term: Texas Wikipedia Page

Texas ( / ˈ t ɛ k s ə s / TEK -səss ) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States . It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the south and southwest. Texas has a coastline on the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Covering 268,596 square miles (695,660 km ) and with over 31 million residents as of 2024, it is the second-largest U.S. state by both area and population . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for the single star on its flag , symbolic of its former status as an independent country, the Republic of Texas .

search term: beer Wikipedia Page

Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grain—most commonly malted barley , although wheat , maize , rice , and oats are also used. The grain is mashed to convert starch in the grain to sugars , which dissolve in water to form wort . Fermentation of the wort by yeast produces ethanol and carbonation in the beer. Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and one of the most popular of all drinks. Most modern beer is brewed with hops , which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilising agent . Other flavouring agents, such as gruit , herbs, or fruits, may be included or used instead of hops. In commercial brewing, natural carbonation is often replaced with forced carbonation.

Schlenkerla Rauchbier, a traditional smoked beer , being poured from a cask into a beer glass

search term: ozone Wikipedia Page

Ozone ( / ˈ oʊ z oʊ n / ), also called trioxygen , is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O
₃ . It is a pale-blue gas with a distinctively pungent odor. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope O
₂ , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to O
₂ ( dioxygen ). Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet (UV) light and electrical discharges within the Earth's atmosphere . It is present in very low concentrations throughout the atmosphere, with its highest concentration high in the ozone layer of the stratosphere , which absorbs most of the Sun 's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

search term: Crutzen Wikipedia Page

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU 's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions . The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

search term: stratosphere Wikipedia Page

The stratosphere ( / ˈ s t r æ t ə ˌ s f ɪər , - t oʊ -/ ; from Ancient Greek στρωτός ( strōtós ) ' layer, stratum ' and - sphere ) is the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth , located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere . The stratosphere is composed of stratified temperature zones, with the warmer layers of air located higher (closer to outer space ) and the cooler layers lower (closer to the planetary surface of the Earth). The increase of temperature with altitude is a result of the absorption of the Sun 's ultraviolet (UV) radiation by the ozone layer , where ozone is exothermically photolyzed into oxygen in a cyclical fashion . This temperature inversion is in contrast to the troposphere, where temperature decreases with altitude, and between the troposphere and stratosphere is the tropopause border that demarcates the beginning of the temperature inversion.

search term: ultraviolet Wikipedia Page

Ultraviolet radiation , also known as simply UV , is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers , shorter than that of visible light , but longer than X-rays . UV radiation is present in sunlight and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun. It is also produced by electric arcs , Cherenkov radiation , and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps , tanning lamps , and black lights .

search term: living organisms Wikipedia Page

search term: chlorofluorocarbons Wikipedia Page

Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons ( HCFCs ) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). They are produced as volatile derivatives of methane , ethane , and propane .

search term: Bromofluorocarbons Wikipedia Page

Bromofluorocarbons (BFCs) are molecules based on carbon , bromine , and fluorine . The most common use has traditionally been in fire suppression systems. The brand name "Halon" is frequently used interchangeably for BFCs. However, not all Halons are technically BFCs (some contain chlorine also).

search term: chemical engineers Wikipedia Page

A chemical engineer is a professional equipped with the knowledge of chemistry and other basic sciences who works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment. This person applies the principles of chemical engineering in any of its various practical applications, such as

search term: fridges Wikipedia Page

A refrigerator , commonly shortened to fridge , is a commercial and home appliance consisting of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic or chemical) that transfers heat from its inside to its external environment so that its inside is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room. Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique around the world. The low temperature reduces the reproduction rate of bacteria , so the refrigerator lowers the rate of spoilage . A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water. The optimal temperature range for perishable food storage is 3 to 5 °C (37 to 41 °F). A freezer is a specialized refrigerator, or portion of a refrigerator, that maintains its contents' temperature below the freezing point of water. The refrigerator replaced the icebox , which had been a common household appliance for almost a century and a half. The United States Food and Drug Administration recommends that the refrigerator be kept at or below 4 °C (40 °F) and that the freezer be regulated at −18 °C (0 °F).

search term: aerosols Wikipedia Page

An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas . Aerosols can be generated from natural or human causes . The term aerosol commonly refers to the mixture of particulates in air, and not to the particulate matter alone. Examples of natural aerosols are fog , mist or dust . Examples of human caused aerosols include particulate air pollutants , mist from the discharge at hydroelectric dams , irrigation mist, perfume from atomizers , smoke , dust , sprayed pesticides , and medical treatments for respiratory illnesses.

search term: CFCs Wikipedia Page

search term: BFCs Wikipedia Page

BFCS was a commercial film production company.

search term: arctic Wikipedia Page

The Arctic ( / ˈ ɑːr ( k ) t ɪ k / ; from Ancient Greek ἄρκτος ( árktos ) ' bear ' ) is the polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole , lying north of the Arctic Circle . The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( Nordland , Troms , Finnmark , Svalbard and Jan Mayen ), northernmost Sweden ( Västerbotten , Norrbotten and Lappland ), northern Finland ( North Ostrobothnia , Kainuu and Lappi ), Russia ( Murmansk , Siberia , Nenets Okrug , Novaya Zemlya ), the United States ( Alaska ), Canada ( Yukon , Northwest Territories , Nunavut ), Danish Realm ( Greenland ), and northern Iceland ( Grímsey and Kolbeinsey ), along with the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas.

A snowy landscape of Inari located in Lapland ( Finland )

search term: biodiversity conservation Wikipedia Page

Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth 's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species , their habitats , and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences , and the practice of natural resource management .

search term: Ice Age film Wikipedia Page

An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere.

search term: industrial economy Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: West Antarctic Ice Sheet Wikipedia Page

78°44′03″S 133°16′41″W / 78.73417°S 133.27806°W

search term: Thwaites Glacier Wikipedia Page

Thwaites Glacier is an unusually broad and vast Antarctic glacier located east of Mount Murphy , on the Walgreen Coast of Marie Byrd Land . It was initially sighted by polar researchers in 1940, mapped in 1959–1966 and officially named in 1967, after the late American glaciologist Fredrik T. Thwaites. The glacier flows into Pine Island Bay , part of the Amundsen Sea , at surface speeds which exceed 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) per year near its grounding line . Its fastest-flowing grounded ice is centered between 50 and 100 kilometres (31 and 62 mi) east of Mount Murphy. Like many other parts of the cryosphere , it has been adversely affected by climate change , and provides one of the more notable examples of the retreat of glaciers since 1850 .

search term: ethical responsibility Wikipedia Page

In philosophy , moral responsibility is the status of morally deserving praise , blame , reward , or punishment for an act or omission in accordance with one's moral obligations . Deciding what (if anything) counts as "morally obligatory" is a principal concern of ethics .

Various philosophical positions exist, disagreeing over determinism and free will.

search term: societal norms Wikipedia Page

A social norm is a shared standard of acceptable behavior by a group. Social norms can both be informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society , as well as be codified into rules and laws . Social normative influences or social norms, are deemed to be powerful drivers of human behavioural changes and well organized and incorporated by major theories which explain human behaviour . Institutions are composed of multiple norms. Norms are shared social beliefs about behavior; thus, they are distinct from "ideas", "attitudes", and "values", which can be held privately, and which do not necessarily concern behavior. Norms are contingent on context, social group, and historical circumstances.

search term: scientific revolutions Wikipedia Page

The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period , when developments in mathematics , physics , astronomy , biology (including human anatomy ) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. The subsequent Age of Enlightenment saw the concept of a scientific revolution emerge in the 18th-century work of Jean Sylvain Bailly , who described a two-stage process of sweeping away the old and establishing the new. The Scientific Revolution has been called "the most important transformation in human history" since the Neolithic Revolution . There continues to be scholarly engagement regarding the boundaries of the Scientific Revolution and its chronology.

search term: Free Dictionary Wikipedia Page

The Free Dictionary is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources. It is accessible in fourteen languages.

search term: cherry blossom Wikipedia Page

The cherry blossom , or sakura , is the flower of trees in Prunus subgenus Cerasus . Sakura usually refers to flowers of ornamental cherry trees, such as cultivars of Prunus serrulata , not trees grown for their fruit (although these also have blossoms ). Cherry blossoms have been described as having a vanilla -like smell, which is mainly attributed to coumarin .

search term: vital signs Wikipedia Page

Vital signs (also known as vitals ) are a group of the four to six most crucial medical signs that indicate the status of the body's vital (life-sustaining) functions. These measurements are taken to help assess the general physical health of a person, give clues to possible diseases, and show progress toward recovery. The normal ranges for a person's vital signs vary with age, weight, gender , and overall health .

search term: coffee shop Wikipedia Page

Coffee shop may refer to:

search term: bench Wikipedia Page

Bench , The Bench , Benched , or Benching may refer to:

search term: sympathy Wikipedia Page

Sympathy is the perception of, understanding of, and reaction to the distress or need of another life form .

search term: drama Wikipedia Page

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance : a play , opera , mime , ballet , etc., performed in a theatre , or on radio or television . Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle 's Poetics ( c. 335 BC )—the earliest work of dramatic theory .

search term: belief system Wikipedia Page

search term: mending Wikipedia Page

The technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery , building infrastructure and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Terms such as "predictive" or "planned" maintenance describe various cost-effective practices aimed at keeping equipment operational; these activities occur either before or after a potential failure.

search term: personal relationships Wikipedia Page

Personal Relationships is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the International Association for Relationship Research . It covers research on all aspects of personal relationships, using methods from psychology , sociology , communication studies , family studies , developmental psychology , social work , gerontology , and anthropology . It was established in 1994 by Cambridge University Press and the Editor-in-Chief is Sylvia Niehuis ( Texas Tech University ).

search term: coke Wikipedia Page

Coke usually refers to:

search term: Kap Wikipedia Page

Kap or KAP may refer to:

search term: gravitational pull Wikipedia Page

search term: NASA Wikipedia Page

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA / ˈ n æ s ə / ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the United States' civil space program and for research in aeronautics and space exploration. Headquartered in Washington, D.C. , NASA operates ten field centers across the United States and is organized into mission directorates for Science, Space Operations, Exploration Systems Development, Space Technology, Aeronautics Research , and Mission Support. Established in 1958 , NASA succeeded the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to give the American space development effort a distinct civilian orientation, emphasizing peaceful applications in space science . It has since led most of America's space exploration programs, including Project Mercury , Project Gemini , the 1968–1972 Apollo program missions, the Skylab space station, and the Space Shuttle .

search term: metal box Wikipedia Page

Metal Box is the second studio album by Public Image Ltd , released by Virgin Records on 23 November 1979. The album takes its name from the round metal canister which contained the initial pressings of the record. It was later reissued in standard vinyl packaging as Second Edition in February 1980 by Virgin Records in the United Kingdom, and by Warner Bros. Records and Island Records in the United States.

search term: equinoxes Wikipedia Page

A solar equinox is a moment in time when the Sun appears directly above the equator, rather than to its north or south. On the day of the equinox, the Sun appears to rise directly east and set directly west. This occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September .

search term: Newtonian mechanics Wikipedia Page

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws, which provide the basis for Newtonian mechanics , can be paraphrased as follows:

search term: gravitational field Wikipedia Page

In physics , a gravitational field or gravitational acceleration field is a vector field used to explain the influences that a body extends into the space around itself. A gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, such as the gravitational force field exerted on another massive body. It has dimension of acceleration (L/T ) and it is measured in units of newtons per kilogram (N/kg) or, equivalently, in meters per second squared (m/s ).

Representation of the gravitational field of Earth and Moon combined (not to scale). Vector field (blue) and its associated scalar potential field (red). Point P between earth and moon is the point of equilibrium .

search term: observational data Wikipedia Page

In fields such as epidemiology , social sciences , psychology and statistics , an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints. One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with experiments , such as randomized controlled trials , where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group. Observational studies, for lacking an assignment mechanism, naturally present difficulties for inferential analysis.

search term: Neptune Wikipedia Page

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet orbiting the Sun . It is the fourth-largest planet in the Solar System by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet . It is 17 times the mass of Earth . Compared to Uranus , its neighbouring ice giant , Neptune is slightly smaller, but more massive and denser. Being composed primarily of gases and liquids, it has no well-defined solid surface. Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an orbital distance of 30.1 astronomical units (4.5 billion kilometres; 2.8 billion miles). It is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol , representing Neptune's trident .

search term: revolutions Wikipedia Page

In political science , a revolution ( Latin : revolutio , 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's class, state, ethnic or religious structures. According to sociologist Jack Goldstone , all revolutions contain "a common set of elements at their core: (a) efforts to change the political regime that draw on a competing vision (or visions) of a just order, (b) a notable degree of informal or formal mass mobilization , and (c) efforts to force change through noninstitutionalized actions such as mass demonstrations , protests , strikes, or violence ."

search term: abusive relationship Wikipedia Page

Relational aggression , alternative aggression , or relational bullying is a type of aggression in which harm is caused by damaging someone's relationships or social status .

search term: alarm signal Wikipedia Page

In animal communication , an alarm signal is an antipredator adaptation in the form of signals emitted by social animals in response to danger. Many primates and birds have elaborate alarm calls for warning conspecifics of approaching predators. For example, the alarm call of the blackbird is a familiar sound in many gardens. Other animals, like fish and insects, may use non-auditory signals, such as chemical messages . Visual signs such as the white tail flashes of many deer have been suggested as alarm signals; they are less likely to be received by conspecifics, so have tended to be treated as a signal to the predator instead.

search term: Rihanna Wikipedia Page

Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( / r i ˈ æ n ə / ree- AN -ə ; born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, businesswoman, and actress. Known for her artistic reinventions, she is an influential figure in both music and fashion. Rihanna is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , with estimated sales of over 250 million records.

search term: blackhole Wikipedia Page

A black hole is an astronomical body so compact that its gravity prevents anything from escaping, even light. Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass will form a black hole. The boundary of no escape is called the event horizon . In general relativity, a black hole's event horizon seals an object's fate but produces no locally detectable change when crossed. In many ways, a black hole acts like an ideal black body , as it reflects no light. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation , with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is of the order of billionths of a kelvin for stellar black holes , making it essentially impossible to observe directly.

The first simulated image of a black hole, created by Jean-Pierre Luminet in 1978 and featuring the characteristic shadow, photon sphere , and lensed accretion disk . The disk is brighter on one side due to the Doppler beaming .

search term: scrutiny Wikipedia Page

Scrutiny (French: scrutin ; Late Latin: scrutinium ; from scrutari , meaning "those who search through piles of rubbish in the hope of finding something of value" and originally from the Latin "scruta," meaning "broken things, rags, or rubbish.") is a careful examination or inquiry (often implying the search for a likely mistake or failure). In Roman times, the "scrutari" of cities and towns were those who laboriously searched for valuables amidst the waste and cast-offs of others. The modern English "scrutiny" is derived from this root, indicating a careful examination or inquiry (often implying the search for a hidden mistake, misstatement, or incongruity).

search term: stress Wikipedia Page

search term: critical mass Wikipedia Page

In nuclear engineering , critical mass is the minimum mass of the fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a particular setup. The critical mass of a fissionable material depends upon its nuclear properties (specifically, its nuclear fission cross-section ), density, shape, enrichment , purity, temperature, and surroundings. It is an important parameter of a nuclear reactor core or nuclear weapon . The concept is important in nuclear weapon design .

A re-creation of the 1945 criticality accident using the Demon core : a plutonium pit is surrounded by blocks of neutron-reflective tungsten carbide . The original experiment was designed to measure the radiation produced when an extra block was added. The mass went supercritical when the block was placed improperly by being dropped.

search term: systems dynamics Wikipedia Page

System dynamics ( SD ) is an approach to understanding the nonlinear behaviour of complex systems over time using stocks, flows , internal feedback loops , table functions and time delays.

Dynamic stock and flow diagram of model *New product adoption* (model from article by John Sterman 2001 - True Software )

search term: entanglement Wikipedia Page

Entanglement may refer to:

search term: social relationships Wikipedia Page

A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences , and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more conspecifics within and/or between groups. The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, an economic class, a nation, or gender. Social relations are derived from human behavioral ecology , and, as an aggregate, form a coherent social structure whose constituent parts are best understood relative to each other and to the social ecosystem as a whole .

search term: American Philosopher Wikipedia Page

American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment . A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism , with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.

search term: winds Wikipedia Page

search term: celestial bodies Wikipedia Page

An astronomical object , celestial object , stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe . In astronomy , the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body , celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object , while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

search term: epicycles Wikipedia Page

In the Hipparchian , Ptolemaic , and Copernican systems of astronomy , the epicycle (from Ancient Greek ἐπίκυκλος ( epíkuklos ) ' upon the circle ' , meaning "circle moving on another circle") was a geometric model used to explain the variations in speed and direction of the apparent motion of the Moon , Sun , and planets . In particular it explained the apparent retrograde motion of the five planets known at the time. Secondarily, it also explained changes in the apparent distances of the planets from the Earth.

search term: juggler Wikipedia Page

Juggling is a physical skill, performed by a juggler , involving the manipulation of objects for recreation, entertainment, art or sport. The most recognizable form of juggling is toss juggling . Juggling can be the manipulation of one object or many objects at the same time, most often using one or two hands but other body parts as well, like feet or head. Jugglers often refer to the objects they juggle as props . The most common props are balls , clubs , or rings . Some jugglers use more dramatic objects such as knives , fire torches or chainsaws . The term juggling can also commonly refer to other prop-based manipulation skills, such as diabolo , plate spinning , devil sticks , poi , cigar boxes , contact juggling , hooping , yo-yo , hat manipulation and kick-ups .

search term: Normal Science Wikipedia Page

Normal science , identified and elaborated on by Thomas Samuel Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , is the regular work of scientists theorizing, observing, and experimenting within a settled paradigm or explanatory framework. Regarding science as puzzle-solving, Kuhn explained normal science as slowly accumulating detail in accord with established broad theory , without questioning or challenging the underlying assumptions of that theory.

search term: assumptions Wikipedia Page

Assumption , in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary , a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven.

search term: Galileo controversy Wikipedia Page

The Galileo affair was an early 17th century political, religious, and scientific controversy regarding the astronomer Galileo Galilei 's defence of heliocentrism , the idea that the Earth revolves around the Sun . It pitted supporters and opponents of Galileo within both the Catholic Church and academia against each other through two phases: an interrogation and condemnation of Galileo's ideas by a panel of the Roman Inquisition in 1616, and a second trial in 1632 which led to Galileo's house arrest and a ban on his books.

search term: wrecking ball Wikipedia Page

A wrecking ball or demolition ball is a heavy steel ball, usually hung from a crane , that is used for demolishing large buildings. They were most commonly in use during the 1940s and 1950s. Several wrecking companies claim to have invented the wrecking ball. An early documented use was in the breaking up of the SS Great Eastern in 1888–1889, by Henry Bath and Co, at Rock Ferry on the River Mersey .

search term: scripture Wikipedia Page

Religious texts , including scripture , are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They often feature a compilation or discussion of beliefs, ritual practices, moral commandments and laws , ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and admonitions for fostering a religious community.

search term: Aristotelean Wikipedia Page

Aristotelian may refer to:

search term: material world Wikipedia Page

Material world may refer to:

search term: cultural history Wikipedia Page

Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social , cultural , and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony , class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.

search term: Telos Wikipedia Page

Telos ( / ˈ t ɛ l ɒ s , ˈ t iː l ɒ s / ; Ancient Greek : τέλος , romanized : télos , lit. 'end, purpose, goal') is a term used by the philosopher Aristotle to refer to the final cause of a natural organ or entity, or of human art . The Greek word telos is the root of the modern term " teleology ", the study of purposiveness or of objects with a view to their aims, purposes, or intentions. Teleology is central in Aristotle's work on plant and animal biology , and in his analysis of human ethics , through his theory of the four causes . Aristotle's notion that everything has a telos also gave rise to epistemology .

search term: translatability Wikipedia Page

Untranslatability is the property of text or speech for which no equivalent can be found when translated into another (given) language. A text that is considered to be untranslatable is considered a lacuna , or lexical gap . The term arises when describing the difficulty of achieving the so-called perfect translation. It is based on the notion that there are certain concepts and words that are so interrelated that an accurate translation becomes an impossible task.

search term: pop songs Wikipedia Page

Pop music , or simply pop , is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom. During the 1950s and 1960s, pop music encompassed rock and roll and the youth-oriented styles it influenced. Rock and pop music remained roughly synonymous until the late 1960s, after which pop became associated with music that was more commercial, ephemeral , and accessible.

search term: communication Wikipedia Page

search term: accents Wikipedia Page

search term: scientific paradigm Wikipedia Page

search term: Kuhn Wikipedia Page

Kuhn is a surname of German origin. It may refer to the following:

search term: value systems Wikipedia Page

In ethics and social sciences , value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to do or what way is best to live ( normative ethics ), or to describe the significance of different actions. Value systems are proscriptive and prescriptive beliefs ; they affect the ethical behavior of a person or are the basis of their intentional activities. Often primary values are strong and secondary values are suitable for changes. What makes an action valuable may in turn depend on the ethical values of the objects it increases, decreases, or alters. An object with "ethic value" may be termed an "ethic or philosophic good" ( noun sense).

Correlations between Moral foundations and Schwartz's basic values with values taken from

search term: hearts Wikipedia Page

Hearts most commonly refers to:

search term: Matrix Wikipedia Page

Matrix ( pl. : matrices or matrixes ) or MATRIX may refer to:

search term: Morpheus Wikipedia Page

Morpheus ( Ancient Greek : Μορφεύς , romanized : Morpheús 'Fashioner', derived from Ancient Greek : μορφή , romanized : morphḗ , meaning 'form, shape') is a god associated with sleep and dreams . In Ovid 's Metamorphoses he is the son of Somnus (Sleep, the Roman counterpart of Hypnos ) and appears in dreams in human form. From the Middle Ages , the name began to stand more generally for the god of dreams, or of sleep.

search term: aspirations Wikipedia Page

Aspiration or aspirations may refer to:

search term: anxieties Wikipedia Page

search term: public figures Wikipedia Page

A public figure is a person who has achieved fame, prominence or notoriety within a society, whether through achievement, luck, action, or in some cases through no purposeful action of their own.

search term: prophets Wikipedia Page

In religion , a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy .

search term: philosophers Wikipedia Page

search term: consensus Wikipedia Page

Consensus usually refers to general agreement among a group of people or community. It may also refer to:

search term: Martin Luther King Jr Wikipedia Page

search term: Medgar Evers Wikipedia Page

Medgar Wiley Evers ( / ˈ m ɛ d ɡ ər / ; July 2, 1925 – June 12, 1963) was an American civil rights activist who was the NAACP 's first field secretary in Mississippi . Evers, a United States Army veteran who served in World War II , was engaged in efforts to overturn racial segregation at the University of Mississippi , end the segregation of public facilities, and expand opportunities for African Americans , including the enforcement of voting rights prior to his assassination.

search term: legal battles Wikipedia Page

A lawsuit is a proceeding by one or more parties (the plaintiff or claimant) against one or more parties (the defendant ) in a civil court of law . The archaic term " suit in law " is found in only a small number of laws still in effect today. The term "lawsuit" is used with respect to a civil action brought by a plaintiff (a party who claims to have incurred loss as a result of a defendant's actions) who requests a legal remedy or equitable remedy from a court . The defendant is required to respond to the plaintiff's complaint or else risk default judgment . If the plaintiff is successful, judgment is entered in favor of the plaintiff, and the court may impose the legal or equitable remedies available against the defendant (respondent). A variety of court orders may be issued in connection with or as part of the judgment to enforce a right , award damages or restitution, or impose a temporary or permanent injunction to prevent an act or compel an act. A declaratory judgment may be issued to prevent future legal disputes .

search term: societal transformation Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: transportation system Wikipedia Page

A transport network , or transportation network , is a network or graph in geographic space, describing an infrastructure that permits and constrains movement or flow. Examples include but are not limited to road networks , railways , air routes , pipelines , aqueducts , and power lines . The digital representation of these networks, and the methods for their analysis, is a core part of spatial analysis , geographic information systems , public utilities , and transport engineering . Network analysis is an application of the theories and algorithms of graph theory and is a form of proximity analysis .

search term: Montgomery Wikipedia Page

Montgomery refers to:

search term: Jim Crow laws Wikipedia Page

The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation . The origin of the term "Jim Crow" is obscure, but probably refers to slave songs that refer to an African dance called " Jump Jim Crow ." The last of the Jim Crow laws were generally overturned in 1965 by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . Formal and informal racial segregation policies were present in other areas of the United States as well, even as several states outside the South had banned discrimination in public accommodations and voting. Southern laws were enacted by white-dominated state legislatures ( Redeemers ) to disenfranchise and remove political and economic gains made by African Americans during the Reconstruction era . Such continuing racial segregation was also supported by the successful Lily-white movement .

Cover of an early edition of "Jump Jim Crow" sheet music ( c. 1832 )

search term: water fountains Wikipedia Page

A fountain , from the Latin "fons" ( genitive "fontis"), meaning source or spring , is a decorative reservoir used for discharging water. It is also a structure that jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect.

search term: Empire Theatre Wikipedia Page

Empire Theatre or Empire Theater may refer to:

search term: protest movement Wikipedia Page

A protest (also called a demonstration , remonstration , or remonstrance ) is a public act of objection, disapproval or dissent against political advantage. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass political demonstrations . Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. When protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as civil resistance or nonviolent resistance .

search term: transport systems Wikipedia Page

Transport Systems is the third studio album of American singer, Ari Gold .

search term: social transformation Wikipedia Page

In sociology , social transformation is a somewhat ambiguous term that has two broad definitions.

search term: black people Wikipedia Page

Black is a racial classification of people, usually a political and skin color -based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion . Often in countries with socially based systems of racial classification in the Western world , the term "black" is used to describe persons who are perceived as darker-skinned in contrast to other populations. It is most commonly used for people of sub-Saharan African ancestry, Indigenous Australians , Melanesians , and Negritos , though it has been applied in many contexts to other groups, and is no indicator of any close ancestral relationship whatsoever. However, not all people considered "black" have dark skin and often additional phenotypical characteristics are relevant, such as certain facial and hair-texture features. Indigenous African societies do not use the term black as a racial identity outside of influences brought by Western cultures.

search term: sexual crime Wikipedia Page

Sex and the law deals with the regulation by law of human sexual activity . Sex laws vary from one place or jurisdiction to another, and have varied over time. Unlawful sexual acts are called sex crimes .

search term: Lynchings Wikipedia Page

Note: Varies by jurisdiction

The lynching of African American William "Froggie" James in Cairo, Illinois , on November 11, 1909. A crowd of thousands watched the lynching.

search term: American Map Company Wikipedia Page

Kappa Publishing Group, Inc. is a Blue Bell, Pennsylvania -based publishing company concentrating on adult puzzle books and magazines as well as children's magazines and maps. It is a private company founded in 1955 with $11.5 million in annual sales.

search term: Nina Simone Wikipedia Page

Nina Simone ( / ˈ n iː n ə s ɪ ˈ m oʊ n / NEE -nə sim- OHN ; born Eunice Kathleen Waymon ; February 21, 1933 – April 21, 2003) was an American singer, pianist, songwriter, and civil rights activist . Her music spanned styles including classical , folk , gospel , blues , jazz , R&B , and pop . Her piano playing was strongly influenced by baroque and classical music, especially Johann Sebastian Bach , and accompanied expressive, jazz-like singing in her contralto voice. Rolling Stone named Simone one of the greatest singers on various lists.

search term: Civil Rights Wikipedia Page

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals ' freedom from infringement by governments , social organizations , and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state .

search term: poplar trees Wikipedia Page

Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae , native to most of the Northern Hemisphere . English names variously applied to different species include poplar ( / ˈ p ɒ p l ər / ), aspen , and cottonwood .

search term: Christmas Day Wikipedia Page

Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ , observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world . A liturgical feast central to Christianity , Christmas preparation begins on the First Sunday of Advent and it is followed by Christmastide , which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night . Christmas Day is a public holiday in many countries , is observed religiously by a majority of Christians , as well as celebrated culturally by many non-Christians, and forms an integral part of the annual holiday season .

search term: Mamie Till Bradley Wikipedia Page

search term: barbed wire Wikipedia Page

Barbed wire , also known as barb wire or bob wire (in the Southern and Southwestern United States ), is a type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strands. Its primary use is the construction of inexpensive fences , and it is also used as a security measure atop walls surrounding property. As a wire obstacle , it is a major feature of the fortifications in trench warfare .

search term: juror Wikipedia Page

A jury is a sworn body of people ( jurors ) convened to hear evidence , make findings of fact , and render an impartial verdict officially submitted to them by a court , or to set a penalty or judgment . Most trial juries are " petit juries ", and consist of up to 15 people. A larger jury known as a grand jury has been used to investigate potential crimes and render indictments against suspects, and consists of between 16 and 23 jurors.

search term: American History Wikipedia Page

The land which became the United States was inhabited by Native Americans for tens of thousands of years; their descendants include but may not be limited to 574 federally recognized tribes. The history of the present-day United States began in 1607 with the establishment of Jamestown in modern-day Virginia by settlers who arrived from the Kingdom of England, and the landing of the Mayflower by English pilgrims to Plymouth in 1620. In the late 15th century, European colonization began and largely decimated Indigenous societies through wars and epidemics. By the 1760s, the Thirteen Colonies , then part of British America and the Kingdom of Great Britain , were established. The Southern Colonies built an agricultural system on slave labor and enslaving millions from Africa . After the British victory over the Kingdom of France in the French and Indian Wars , Parliament imposed a series of taxes and issued the Intolerable Acts on the colonies in 1773, which were designed to end self-governance. Tensions between the colonies and British authorities subsequently intensified, leading to the Revolutionary War , which commenced with the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. In June 1775, the Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army and unanimously selected George Washington as its commander-in-chief. The following year, on July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress unanimously declared its independence, issuing the Declaration of Independence . On September 3, 1783, in the Treaty of Paris , the British acknowledged the independence and sovereignty of the Thirteen Colonies, leading to the establishment of the United States. On September 17, 1787, the U.S. Constitution was signed by a majority of delegates , and was later ratified by the Thirteen Colonies , leading to the first modern U.S. government.

search term: Saccharin Wikipedia Page

Saccharin , also called saccharine , benzosulfimide , or E954 , or used in saccharin sodium or saccharin calcium forms, is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener . Saccharin is a sultam that is about 500 times sweeter than sucrose , but has a bitter or metallic aftertaste , especially at high concentrations. It is used to sweeten products, such as drinks , candies , baked goods , tobacco products, excipients , and for masking the bitter taste of some medicines . It appears as white crystals and is odorless.

search term: innocence Wikipedia Page

Innocence is a lack of guilt , with respect to any kind of crime , or wrongdoing. In a legal context , innocence is prior to the sense of legal guilt and is a primal emotion connected with the sense of self. It is often confused as being the opposite of the guilt of an individual, with respect to a crime. In other contexts, it is a lack of experience .

Bouguereau 's *L'Innocence* : Women , young children , and lambs are all symbols of innocence.

search term: Greenwash Wikipedia Page

Greenwashing (a compound word modeled on " Whitewashing "), also called green sheen , is a form of advertising or marketing spin that deceptively uses green PR and green marketing to persuade the public that an organization's products, goals, or policies are environmentally friendly . Companies that intentionally adopt greenwashing communication strategies often do so to distance themselves from their environmental lapses or those of their suppliers. Firms engage in greenwashing for two primary reasons: to appear legitimate and to project an image of environmental responsibility to the wider public. Since there is no harmonized and international definition of greenwashing, its determination in a given instance can be a subjective challenge for consumers and regulatory bodies.

search term: ability Wikipedia Page

Abilities are powers an agent has to perform various actions . They include common abilities, like walking, and rare abilities, like performing a double backflip. Abilities are intelligent powers: they are guided by the person's intention and executing them successfully results in an action, which is not true for all types of powers. They are closely related to but not identical with various other concepts, such as disposition , know-how , aptitude , talent , potential , and skill .

search term: allotment Wikipedia Page

Allotment may refer to:

search term: Light bulbs Wikipedia Page

An electric light , lamp , or light bulb is an electrical device that produces light from electricity . It is the most common form of artificial lighting . Lamps usually have a base made of ceramic , metal, glass, or plastic that secures them in the socket of a light fixture , which is also commonly referred to as a 'lamp.' The electrical connection to the socket may be made with a screw-thread base, two metal pins, two metal caps or a bayonet mount .

search term: Energy saving Wikipedia Page

Energy conservation is the effort to reduce wasteful energy consumption by using fewer energy services . This can be done by using energy more effectively (using less and better sources of energy for continuous service) or changing one's behavior to use less and better source of service (for example, by driving vehicles which consume renewable energy or energy with more efficiency). Energy conservation can be achieved through efficient energy use , which has some advantages, including a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a smaller carbon footprint , as well as cost, water, and energy savings.

Energy consumption by household type in the northeast United States in 2015

search term: Jumper Wikipedia Page

Jumper or Jumpers may refer to:

search term: Real Climate Wikipedia Page

RealClimate is a commentary site ( blog ) on climatology . The site's contributors include climate scientists whose goal is to provide a response to developing stories and a context they feel is sometimes missing in mainstream commentary on climate science and climate change . The forum is moderated, and is restricted to scientific topics to avoid discussion of political or economic implications of the science. RealClimate was launched on 10 December 2004 by nine climate scientists.

search term: John Dowland Wikipedia Page

John Dowland ( c. 1563 – buried 20 February 1626) was an English Renaissance composer , lutenist , and singer. He is best known today for his melancholy songs such as "Come, heavy sleep", " Come again ", " Flow my tears ", " I saw my Lady weepe ", " Now o now I needs must part ", and " In darkness let me dwell ". His instrumental music has undergone a major revival, and with the 20th century's early music revival , has been a continuing source of repertoire for lutenists and classical guitarists .

search term: social dynamics Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: secondary school Wikipedia Page

A secondary school , high school , or senior school , is an institution that provides secondary education . Some secondary schools provide both lower secondary education (ages 11 to 14) and upper secondary education (ages 14 to 18), i.e., both levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale, but these can also be provided in separate schools. There may be other variations in the provision: for example, children in Australia , Hong Kong , and Spain change from the primary to secondary systems a year later at the age of 12, with the ISCED's first year of lower secondary being the last year of primary provision.

search term: boldness Wikipedia Page

Boldness is the opposite of shyness . To be bold implies a willingness to get things done despite risks.

Thunberg's speech "Our house is on fire" in Davos (January 2019)

search term: political editor Wikipedia Page

The political editor of a newspaper or broadcaster is the senior political reporter who covers politics and related matters for the newspaper or station. They may have a large team of political correspondents working under them.

search term: Newsnight Wikipedia Page

Newsnight is the BBC 's news and current affairs television programme, providing in-depth investigation and analysis of the stories behind the day's headlines . It is broadcast weeknights at 10:30 on BBC Two and the BBC News channel ; it is also available on BBC iPlayer . The programme is currently presented by Victoria Derbyshire , Paddy O'Connell and Matt Chorley .

search term: Emmanuel College Wikipedia Page

Emmanuel College may refer to one of several academic institutions:

search term: mental map Wikipedia Page

In behavioral geography , a mental map is a person's point-of-view perception of their area of interaction. Although this kind of subject matter would seem most likely to be studied by fields in the social sciences , this particular subject is most often studied by modern-day geographers . They study it to determine subjective qualities from the public such as personal preference and practical uses of geography like driving directions.

search term: popular press Wikipedia Page

Mass media refers to the forms of media that reach large audiences via mass communication . It includes broadcast media , digital media , print media , social media , streaming media , advertising , and events .

Early wooden printing press, depicted in 1520

search term: BBC News Wikipedia Page

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world. The department is the world's largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, as well as online news coverage. The service has over 5,500 journalists working across its output including in 50 foreign news bureaus where more than 250 foreign correspondents are stationed. Deborah Turness has been the CEO of news and current affairs since September 2022.

search term: cultural Wikipedia Page

search term: taboos Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: public perception Wikipedia Page

Public opinion , or popular opinion , is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.

search term: political Wikipedia Page

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search term: systemic Wikipedia Page

Systemic fundamental to a predominant social, economic, or political practice. This refers to:

search term: latent energy Wikipedia Page

Latent heat (also known as latent energy or heat of transformation ) is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system , during a constant-temperature process—usually a first-order phase transition , like melting or condensation.

search term: global markets Wikipedia Page

International finance (also referred to as international monetary economics or international macroeconomics ) is the branch of monetary and macroeconomic interrelations between two or more countries. International finance examines the dynamics of the global financial system , international monetary systems , balance of payments , exchange rates , foreign direct investment , and how these topics relate to international trade .

search term: mass migration Wikipedia Page

Mass migration refers to the migration of large groups of people moves from one geographical area to another. Mass migration is distinguished from individual or small-scale migration; and also from seasonal migration , which may occur on a regular basis.

search term: conservative think tanks Wikipedia Page

Conservatism is a cultural , social , and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions , customs , and values . The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in which it appears. In Western culture , depending on the particular nation and the particular time period, conservatives seek to promote and preserve a range of institutions, such as the nuclear family , organized religion , the military , the nation-state , property rights , rule of law , aristocracy , and monarchy .

search term: government spending Wikipedia Page

Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments. In national income accounting , the acquisition by governments of goods and services for current use, to directly satisfy the individual or collective needs of the community, is classed as government final consumption expenditure . Government acquisition of goods and services intended to create future benefits, such as infrastructure investment or research spending, is classed as government investment (government gross capital formation ). These two types of government spending, on final consumption and on gross capital formation, together constitute one of the major components of gross domestic product.

search term: energy systems Wikipedia Page

Energy system may refer to:

search term: subsidy Wikipedia Page

A subsidy , subvention or government incentive is a type of government expenditure which redistributes from tax payers to individuals, households, or businesses. Subsidies take various forms— such as direct government expenditures, tax incentives , soft loans , price support , and government provision of goods and services. For instance, the government may distribute direct payment subsidies to individuals and households during an economic downturn in order to help its citizens pay their bills and to stimulate economic activity.

search term: public money Wikipedia Page

search term: real GDP Wikipedia Page

Real gross domestic product ( real GDP ) is a macroeconomic measure of the value of economic output adjusted for price changes (i.e. inflation or deflation ). This adjustment transforms the money-value measure, nominal GDP , into an index for quantity of total output. Although GDP is total output, it is primarily useful because it closely approximates the total spending: the sum of consumer spending , investment made by industry, excess of exports over imports, and government spending. Due to inflation, nominal GDP can increase even when physical output is fixed, and so does not actually reflect the true growth in an economy. That is why the GDP must be divided by the inflation rate (raised to the power of units of time in which the rate is measured) to get the growth of the real GDP. Different organizations use different types of 'Real GDP' measures, for example, the UNCTAD uses 2015 Constant prices and exchange rates while the FRED uses 2009 constant prices and exchange rates, and recently the World Bank switched from 2005 to 2010 constant prices and exchange rates.

search term: Energy prices Wikipedia Page

The following articles relate to the price of energy :

search term: social perception Wikipedia Page

Social perception (or interpersonal perception ) is the study of how people form impressions of and make inferences about other people as sovereign personalities. Social perception refers to identifying and utilizing social cues to make judgments about social roles, rules, relationships, context, or the characteristics (e.g., trustworthiness) of others. This domain also includes social knowledge, which refers to one's knowledge of social roles, norms, and schemas surrounding social situations and interactions. People learn about others' feelings and emotions by picking up information they gather from physical appearance, verbal, and nonverbal communication . Facial expressions , tone of voice, hand gestures , and body position or movement are a few examples of ways people communicate without words. A real-world example of social perception is understanding that others disagree with what one said when one sees them roll their eyes. There are four main components of social perception: observation , attribution , integration, and confirmation.

search term: compact state Wikipedia Page

The shape of a state is determined by the political boundaries and geography that determine its territory, and that shape impacts the politics and economies of the state. The six categories of state shapes are: compact; elongated or attenuated; fragmented; prorupted or protruded; perforated; and compound or complex.

search term: social facts Wikipedia Page

In sociology , social facts are values, cultural norms, and social structures that transcend the individual and can exercise social control . The French sociologist Émile Durkheim defined the term, and argued that the discipline of sociology should be understood as the empirical study of social facts. For Durkheim, social facts "consist of manners of acting, thinking and feeling external to the individual, which are invested with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him."

search term: reality check Wikipedia Page

Reality Check may refer to:

search term: global politics Wikipedia Page

Global politics , also known as world politics , names both the discipline that studies the political and economic patterns of the world and the field that is being studied. At the centre of that field are the different processes of political globalization in relation to questions of social power.

search term: PNG Wikipedia Page

Portable Network Graphics ( PNG , officially pronounced / p ɪ ŋ / PING , colloquially pronounced / ˌ p iː ɛ n ˈ dʒ iː / PEE -en- JEE ) is a raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression . PNG was developed as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics Interchange Format (GIF).

search term: SVG Wikipedia Page

Scalable Vector Graphics ( SVG ) is an XML -based vector graphics format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999.

search term: Malcolm Gladwell Wikipedia Page

Malcolm Timothy Gladwell CM (born 3 September 1963) is a Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published eight books. He is also the host of the podcast Revisionist History and co-founder of the podcast company Pushkin Industries .

search term: divest Wikipedia Page

In finance and economics , divestment or divestiture is the reduction of some kind of asset for financial, ethical, or political objectives or sale of an existing business by a firm. A divestment is the opposite of an investment . Divestiture is an adaptive change and adjustment of a company's ownership and business portfolio made to confront with internal and external changes.

search term: systemic racism Wikipedia Page

Institutional racism , also known as systemic racism , is a form of institutional discrimination based on race or ethnic group and can include policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society or organization that result in and support a continued unfair advantage to some people and unfair or harmful treatment of others. It manifests as discrimination in areas such as criminal justice , employment, housing, healthcare, education and political representation .

search term: oratory Wikipedia Page

Oratory is a type of public speaking .

search term: protest song Wikipedia Page

A protest song is a song that is associated with a movement for protest and social change and hence part of the broader category of topical songs (or songs connected to current events). It may be folk, classical, or commercial in genre.

search term: Lincoln Memorial Wikipedia Page

The Lincoln Memorial is a U.S. national memorial honoring Abraham Lincoln , the 16th president of the United States , located on the western end of the National Mall of Washington, D.C. The memorial is built in a neoclassical style in the form of a classical temple. The memorial's architect was Henry Bacon . In 1920, Daniel Chester French designed the large interior Abraham Lincoln statue , which was carved in marble by the Piccirilli brothers . Jules Guérin painted the interior murals, and the epitaph above the statue was written by Royal Cortissoz . Dedicated on May 30, 1922, it is one of several memorials built to honor an American president . It has been a major tourist attraction since its opening, and over the years, has occasionally been used as a symbolic center focused on race relations and civil rights.

search term: dream Wikipedia Page

A dream is a succession of images , dynamic scenes and situations, ideas , emotions , and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep . Humans spend about two hours dreaming per night, and each dream lasts around 5–20 minutes, although the dreamer may perceive the dream as being much longer.

search term: Mahalia Jackson Wikipedia Page

Mahalia Jackson ( / m ə ˈ h eɪ l i ə / mə- HAY -lee-ə ; born Mahala Jackson ; October 26, 1911 – January 27, 1972) was an American gospel singer , widely considered one of the most influential vocalists of the 20th century. With a career spanning 40 years, Jackson was integral to the development and spread of gospel blues in black churches throughout the U.S. During a time when racial segregation was pervasive in American society, she met considerable and unexpected success in a recording career, selling an estimated 22 million records and performing in front of integrated and secular audiences in concert halls around the world, making her one of the best-selling gospel music artists .

search term: gradualism Wikipedia Page

Gradualism , from the Latin gradus ("step"), is a hypothesis, a theory or a tenet assuming that change comes about gradually or that variation is gradual in nature and happens over time as opposed to in large steps. Uniformitarianism , incrementalism , and reformism are similar concepts.

search term: segregation Wikipedia Page

Segregation may refer to:

search term: death Wikipedia Page

search term: Topeka Wikipedia Page

Topeka ( / t ə ˈ p iː k ə / tə- PEE -kə ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Shawnee County . It is along the Kansas River in the central part of Shawnee County, in northeastern Kansas, in the Central United States . As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 126,587.

search term: segregated school Wikipedia Page

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the races, and mandatory use of different institutions, such as schools and hospitals by people of different races. Specifically, it may be applied to activities such as eating in restaurants, drinking from water fountains, using public toilets, attending schools, going to movie theaters, riding buses, renting or purchasing homes, renting hotel rooms, going to supermarkets, or attending places of worship. In addition, segregation often allows close contact between members of different racial or ethnic groups in hierarchical situations, such as allowing a person of one race to work as a servant for a member of another race. Racial segregation has generally been outlawed worldwide.

search term: cotton picker Wikipedia Page

A cotton picker is either a machine that harvests cotton , or a person who picks ripe cotton fibre from the plants. The machine is also referred to as a cotton harvester .

search term: black man Wikipedia Page

Black Man may refer to:

search term: University of Mississippi Wikipedia Page

The University of Mississippi ( byname Ole Miss ) is a public research university in Oxford, Mississippi . The university's medical center is located in Jackson, Mississippi .

A woman in collegiate garb — The University of Mississippi was the first college in the Southeast to hire a female faculty member: Sarah McGehee Isom in 1885.

search term: desegregation Wikipedia Page

Racial integration , or simply integration , includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation ), leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of race , and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the majority culture. Desegregation is largely a legal matter, integration largely a social one.

search term: African American Wikipedia Page

African Americans , also known as Black Americans and formerly called Afro-Americans , are an American racial and ethnic group who, as defined by the United States census , consists of Americans who have ancestry from "any of the Black racial groups of Africa ". African Americans constitute the second largest racial and ethnic group in the U.S. after White Americans . The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of Africans enslaved in the United States . According to annual estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , as of July 1, 2024, the Black population was estimated at 42,951,595, representing approximately 12.63% of the total U.S. population .

search term: Mississippi Wikipedia Page

Mississippi ( / ˌ m ɪ s ɪ ˈ s ɪ p i / MISS -iss- IP -ee ) is a state in the Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the southwest, and Arkansas to the northwest. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River , or its historical course. Mississippi is the 32nd largest by area and 35th-most populous of the 50 U.S. states and has the lowest per-capita income. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson is the state's most populous metropolitan area , with a population of 591,978 in 2020 . Other major cities include Gulfport , Southaven , Hattiesburg , Biloxi , Olive Branch , Tupelo , Meridian , and Greenville .

search term: hospital Wikipedia Page

A hospital is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital , which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care.

The exterior of Bellvitge University Hospital in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Spain, with entrance and parking area for ambulances.

search term: Molotov Cocktail Wikipedia Page

A Molotov cocktail (among several other names – see § Etymology ) is a hand-thrown incendiary weapon consisting of a frangible container filled with flammable substances and equipped with a fuse (typically a glass bottle filled with flammable liquids sealed with a cloth wick ). In use, the fuse attached to the container is lit and the weapon is thrown, shattering on impact. This ignites the flammable substances contained in the bottle and spreads flames as the fuel burns.

search term: transport system Wikipedia Page

search term: New York Wikipedia Page

New York most commonly refers to:

search term: social revolutions Wikipedia Page

Social revolutions are sudden changes in the structure and nature of society . These revolutions are usually recognized as having transformed society, economy , culture , philosophy , and technology along with but more than just the political systems .

search term: Daniel Kahneman Wikipedia Page

Daniel Kahneman ( / ˈ k ɑː n ə m ə n / ; Hebrew : דניאל כהנמן ; March 5, 1934 – March 27, 2024) was an Israeli-American psychologist best known for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making as well as behavioral economics , for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences together with Vernon L. Smith . Kahneman's published empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. Kahneman became known as the "grandfather of behavioral economics."

search term: Wellington boots Wikipedia Page

A Wellington boot , gumboot , rubber boot , rain boot , rainboot , or welly for short, is a type of waterproof boot made of rubber .

search term: online test Wikipedia Page

Electronic assessment , also known as digital assessment , e-assessment , online assessment or computer-based assessment , is the use of information technology in assessment such as educational assessment , health assessment , psychiatric assessment , and psychological assessment . This covers a wide range of activities ranging from the use of a word processor for assignments to on-screen testing . Specific types of e-assessment include multiple choice, online/electronic submission, computerized adaptive testing such as the Frankfurt Adaptive Concentration Test , and computerized classification testing .

search term: Superhuman Wikipedia Page

The term superhuman refers to humans , humanoids or other beings with abilities and other qualities that exceed those naturally found in humans. These qualities may be acquired through natural ability, self-actualization or technological aids. The related concept of a super race refers to an entire category of beings with the same or varying superhuman characteristics, created from present-day human beings by deploying various means such as eugenics , euthenics , genetic engineering , nanotechnology , and/or brain–computer interfacing to accelerate the process of human evolution .

search term: table Wikipedia Page

search term: WWII Wikipedia Page

Mediterranean and Middle East

search term: percussion section Wikipedia Page

The percussion section is one of the main divisions of the orchestra and the concert band . It includes most percussion instruments and all unpitched instruments.

A percussion section with pitched percussion ( tubular bells , background), auxiliary percussion ( crash cymbals , suspended cymbal , snare drum and bass drum ) and timpani (foreground) in use

search term: climate change news Wikipedia Page

Media coverage of climate change has had effects on public opinion on climate change , as it conveys the scientific consensus on climate change that the global temperature has increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases .

search term: Gay Cake Wikipedia Page

The Gay cake case may refer to:

search term: England Wikipedia Page

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the United Kingdom (green)

search term: cricket Wikipedia Page

One Day International

search term: relaxing Wikipedia Page

Leisure ( UK : / ˈ l ɛ ʒ ə r / , US : / ˈ l iː -/ ) has often been defined as a quality of experience or as free time . Free time is time spent away from business , work , job hunting , domestic chores , and education , as well as necessary activities such as eating and sleeping . Leisure as an experience usually emphasizes dimensions of perceived freedom and choice. It is done for "its own sake", for the quality of experience and involvement. Other classic definitions include Thorstein Veblen's (1899) of "nonproductive consumption of time." Free time is not easy to define due to the multiplicity of approaches used to determine its essence. Different disciplines have definitions reflecting their common issues: for example, sociology on social forces and contexts and psychology as mental and emotional states and conditions. From a research perspective, these approaches have an advantage of being quantifiable and comparable over time and place.

search term: Greeks Wikipedia Page

Greeks or Hellenes ( / ˈ h ɛ l iː n z / ; Greek : Έλληνες , Éllines [ˈelines] ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece , Cyprus , southern Albania , Anatolia , parts of Italy and Egypt , and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea . They also form a significant diaspora ( omogenia ), with many Greek communities established around the world.

search term: city walls Wikipedia Page

A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications such as curtain walls with towers , bastions and gates for access to the city. From ancient to modern times, they were used to enclose settlements. Generally, these are referred to as city walls or town walls , although there were also walls, such as the Great Wall of China , Walls of Benin , Hadrian's Wall , Anastasian Wall , and the Atlantic Wall , which extended far beyond the borders of a city and were used to enclose regions or mark territorial boundaries. In mountainous terrain, defensive walls such as letzis were used in combination with castles to seal valleys from potential attack. Beyond their defensive utility, many walls also had important symbolic functions – representing the status and independence of the communities they embraced.

search term: prophecy Wikipedia Page

In religion , mythology , and fiction , a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a prophet ) by a supernatural entity. Prophecies are a feature of many cultures and belief systems and usually contain divine will or law , or preternatural knowledge, for example of future events. They can be revealed to the prophet in various ways depending on the religion and the story, such as visions , or direct interaction with divine beings in physical form. Stories of prophetic deeds sometimes receive considerable attention and some have been known to survive for centuries through oral tradition or as religious texts .

search term: Trojans Wikipedia Page

Trojan or Trojans may refer to:

search term: mystics Wikipedia Page

A mystic is a person who practices mysticism , or a reference to a mystery, mystic craft, first hand-experience or the occult .

search term: radioactive isotopes Wikipedia Page

A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is a nuclide that is unstable and known to undergo radioactive decay into a different nuclide, which may be another radionuclide (see decay chain ) or be stable. Radiation emitted by radionuclides is almost always ionizing radiation because it is energetic enough to liberate an electron from another atom.

search term: comets Wikipedia Page

A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun , a process called outgassing . This produces an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere or coma surrounding the nucleus, and sometimes a tail of gas and dust gas blown out from the coma. These phenomena are due to the effects of solar radiation and the outstreaming solar wind plasma acting upon the nucleus of the comet. Comet nuclei range from a few hundred meters to tens of kilometers across and are composed of loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. The coma may be up to 15 times Earth's diameter, while the tail may stretch beyond one astronomical unit . If sufficiently close and bright, a comet may be seen from Earth without the aid of a telescope and can subtend an arc of up to 30° (60 Moons) across the sky. Comets have been observed and recorded since ancient times by many cultures and religions.

search term: cancer cells Wikipedia Page

Cancer cells are cells that divide continually, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood or lymph with abnormal cells. Cell division is a normal process used by the body for growth and repair. A parent cell divides to form two daughter cells, and these daughter cells are used to build new tissue or to replace cells that have died because of aging or damage. Healthy cells stop dividing when there is no longer a need for more daughter cells, but cancer cells continue to produce copies. They are also able to spread from one part of the body to another in a process known as metastasis .

search term: chaotic system Wikipedia Page

Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study and branch of mathematics . It focuses on underlying patterns and deterministic laws of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions . These were once thought to have completely random states of disorder and irregularities. Chaos theory states that within the apparent randomness of chaotic complex systems , there are underlying patterns, interconnection, constant feedback loops , repetition, self-similarity , fractals and self-organization . The butterfly effect , an underlying principle of chaos, describes how a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state (meaning there is sensitive dependence on initial conditions). A metaphor for this behavior is that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil can cause or prevent a tornado in Texas .

search term: reverse gear Wikipedia Page

A manual transmission ( MT ), also known as manual gearbox , standard transmission (in Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States ), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission system where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles).

search term: Turkey Wikipedia Page

Turkey , officially the Republic of Türkiye , is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia , with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe . It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Iran to the east; Iraq , Syria , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea , Greece , and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks , while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority . Officially a secular state , Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir , Bursa , and Antalya .

search term: medical history Wikipedia Page

The medical history , case history , or anamnesis (from Greek: ἀνά, aná , "open", and μνήσις, mnesis , "memory") of a patient is a set of information the physicians collect over medical interviews . It involves the patient, and eventually people close to them, so to collect reliable/objective information for managing the medical diagnosis and proposing efficient medical treatments . The medically relevant complaints reported by the patient or others familiar with the patient are referred to as symptoms , in contrast with clinical signs , which are ascertained by direct examination on the part of medical personnel. Most health encounters will result in some form of history being taken. Medical histories vary in their depth and focus. For example, an ambulance paramedic would typically limit their history to important details, such as name, history of presenting complaint, allergies, etc. In contrast, a psychiatric history is frequently lengthy and in depth, as many details about the patient's life are relevant to formulating a management plan for a psychiatric illness.

search term: Akinetopsia Wikipedia Page

search term: electronic equipment Wikipedia Page

Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles . It is a subfield of physics and electrical engineering which uses active devices such as transistors , diodes , and integrated circuits to control and amplify the flow of electric current and to convert it from one form to another, such as from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or from analog signals to digital signals. Electronics is often contrasted with electrical power engineering, which focuses on generation, transmission, and distribution of electric power rather than signal processing or device level control.

search term: indigestion Wikipedia Page

Indigestion , also known as dyspepsia or upset stomach , is a condition of impaired digestion . Symptoms may include upper abdominal fullness , heartburn , nausea , belching , flatulence or upper abdominal pain . People may also experience feeling full earlier than expected when eating. Indigestion is relatively common, affecting 20% of people at some point during their life, and is frequently caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastritis .

search term: Football managers Wikipedia Page

In association football , the manager is the person who has overall responsibility for the running of a football team . They have wide-ranging responsibilities, including selecting the team, choosing the tactics, recruiting and transferring players, negotiating player contracts, and speaking to the media. In professional football, a manager is usually appointed by and answerable to the club's board of directors, but at an amateur level the manager may have total responsibility for the running of a club.

search term: sorites Wikipedia Page

Sorites may refer to:

search term: soros Wikipedia Page

George Soros (born György Schwartz ; August 12, 1930) is a Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist. As of May 2025 , he has a net worth of US$7.2 billion, having donated more than $32 billion to the Open Society Foundations , of which $15 billion has already been distributed, representing 64% of his original fortune. In 2020, Forbes called Soros the "most generous giver" in terms of percentage of net worth.

search term: sand Wikipedia Page

Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is usually defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt . Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass.

search term: collective identity Wikipedia Page

Collective identity or group identity is a shared sense of belonging to a group . This concept appears within a few social science fields. National identity is a simple example, though myriad groups exist which share a sense of identity. Like many social concepts or phenomena, it is constructed, not empirically defined. Its discussion within these fields is often highly academic and relates to academia itself, its history beginning in the 19th century.

search term: Pixabay Wikipedia Page

Pixabay.com is a free stock photography and royalty-free stock media website. It is used for sharing photos, illustrations, vector graphics , film footage , stock music and sound effects , exclusively under the custom Pixabay Content License, which generally allows the free use of the material with some restrictions. The site's images are allowed to be used for free without attribution, and allowed to be modified and adapted into new works. Pixabay does not allow users to sell or distribute the content as is, use it commercially if it contains recognizable trademarks, or use photos in immoral, illegal, misleading, or deceptive ways.

search term: perception Wikipedia Page

search term: carbon Wikipedia Page

Carbon (from Latin carbo ' coal ' ) is a chemical element ; it has symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent —meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 electrons. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table . Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three isotopes occur naturally, C and C being stable, while C is a radionuclide , decaying with a half-life of 5,700 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity .

search term: birthday gift Wikipedia Page

A gift or present is an item given to someone (who is not already the owner) without the expectation of payment or anything in return. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation of reciprocity, a gift is intended to be free. In many countries, the act of mutually exchanging money , goods , etc., may sustain social relationships and contribute to social cohesion . Economists have elaborated the economics of gift-giving into the notion of a gift economy . By extension, the term gift can refer to any item or act of service that makes the other happier or less sad , especially as a favor, including forgiveness and kindness . Gifts are often presented on occasions such as birthdays and holidays .

search term: World Cup Wikipedia Page

A world cup is a global sporting competition in which the participant entities – usually international teams or individuals representing their countries – compete for the title of world champion. The event most associated with the name is the FIFA World Cup for association football , which dates back to 1930. Since then there have been a number of sporting events labeled "world cup", such as the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup , the Rugby World Cup , Rugby League World Cup , Basketball World Cup , and the Hockey World Cup .

search term: South Africa Wikipedia Page

South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ), is the southernmost country in Africa . Its nine provinces are bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 miles) of coastline that stretches along the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ; and it encloses Lesotho .

search term: common sense Wikipedia Page

Common sense (from Latin sensus communis ) is "knowledge, judgement, and taste which is more or less universal and which is held more or less without reflection or argument". As such, it is often considered to represent the basic level of sound practical judgement or knowledge of basic facts that any adult human being ought to possess. It is "common" in the sense of being shared by nearly all people. Relevant terms from other languages used in such discussions include the aforementioned Latin, itself translating Ancient Greek κοινὴ αἴσθησις ( koinḕ aísthēsis ), and French bon sens . However, these are not straightforward translations in all contexts, and in English different shades of meaning have developed. In philosophical and scientific contexts, since the Age of Enlightenment the term "common sense" has been used for rhetorical effect both approvingly and disapprovingly. On the one hand it has been a standard for good taste , good sense, and source of scientific and logical axioms . On the other hand it has been equated to conventional wisdom , vulgar prejudice , and superstition .

search term: democratic debate Wikipedia Page

Since 1983, the Democratic Party of the United States holds a few debates between candidates for the Democratic nomination in presidential elections during the primary election season. Unlike debates between party-nominated candidates, which have been organized by the bi-partisan Commission on Presidential Debates since 1988, debates between candidates for party nomination are organized by mass media outlets.

search term: Donald Trump Wikipedia Page

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States . A member of the Republican Party , he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.

search term: heart disease Wikipedia Page

Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels . CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina , heart attack ), heart failure , hypertensive heart disease , rheumatic heart disease , cardiomyopathy , arrhythmia , congenital heart disease , valvular heart disease , carditis , aortic aneurysms , peripheral artery disease , thromboembolic disease , and venous thrombosis .

search term: Dan Kahan Wikipedia Page

Dan M. Kahan is the Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor of Law at Yale Law School . His professional expertise is in the fields of criminal law and evidence , and he is known for his theory of cultural cognition .

search term: psychological research Wikipedia Page

Psychological research refers to research that psychologists conduct for systematic study and for analysis of the experiences and behaviors of individuals or groups. Their research can have educational , occupational and clinical applications .

search term: Yale University Wikipedia Page

Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut , United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States , and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution .

search term: cognitive bias Wikipedia Page

search term: double graph Wikipedia Page

In the mathematical field of graph theory , the double graph of a simple graph $G$ is a graph derived from $G$ by a specific construction. The concept and its elementary properties were detailed in a 2008 paper by Emanuele Munarini, Claudio Perelli Cippo, Andrea Scagliola, and Norma Zagaglia Salvi.

search term: Deutsche Physik Wikipedia Page

Deutsche Physik ( German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə fyˈziːk] , lit. "German Physics") or Aryan Physics ( German : Arische Physik ) was a nationalist movement in the German physics community in the early 1930s which had the support of many eminent physicists in Germany. The term appears in the title of a four-volume physics textbook by Nobel laureate Philipp Lenard in the 1930s.

Philipp Lenard . Deutsche Physik, 2. Band – Akustik und Wärmelehre. München, 1936–1937

search term: Jewish science Wikipedia Page

Jewish Science is a Jewish philosophy developed in response to and as a counterweight to the Christian elements of Christian Science and New Thought.

search term: electrical fields Wikipedia Page

An electric field (sometimes called E-field ) is a physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles such as electrons . In classical electromagnetism , the electric field of a single charge (or group of charges) describes their capacity to exert attractive or repulsive forces on another charged object. Charged particles exert attractive forces on each other when the sign of their charges are opposite, one being positive while the other is negative, and repel each other when the signs of the charges are the same. Because these forces are exerted mutually, two charges must be present for the forces to take place. These forces are described by Coulomb's law , which says that the greater the magnitude of the charges, the greater the force, and the greater the distance between them, the weaker the force. Informally, the greater the charge of an object, the stronger its electric field. Similarly, an electric field is stronger nearer charged objects and weaker further away. Electric fields originate from electric charges and time-varying electric currents . Electric fields and magnetic fields are both manifestations of the electromagnetic field. Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature.

search term: spectral lines Wikipedia Page

A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum . It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules . These "fingerprints" can be compared to the previously collected ones of atoms and molecules, and are thus used to identify the atomic and molecular components of stars and planets , which would otherwise be impossible.

search term: scientific Wikipedia Page

search term: racial hatred Wikipedia Page

Ethnic hatred , inter-ethnic hatred , racial hatred , or ethnic tension refers to notions and acts of prejudice and hostility towards an ethnic group to varying degrees.

search term: Republican Wikipedia Page

Republican can refer to:

search term: risk assessments Wikipedia Page

Risk assessment is a process for identifying hazards, potential (future) events which may negatively impact on individuals, assets, and/or the environment because of those hazards, their likelihood and consequences, and actions which can mitigate these effects. The output from such a process may also be called a risk assessment. Hazard analysis forms the first stage of a risk assessment process. Judgments "on the tolerability of the risk on the basis of a risk analysis" (i.e. risk evaluation) also form part of the process. The results of a risk assessment process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion.

search term: government intervention Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: polarisation Wikipedia Page

Polarization or polarisation may refer to:

search term: Evolution Wikipedia Page

Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as genetic drift and natural selection act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. The process of evolution has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation .

search term: Climate change science Wikipedia Page

Climate variability includes all the variations in the climate that last longer than individual weather events, whereas the term climate change only refers to those variations that persist for a longer period of time, typically decades or more. Climate change may refer to any time in Earth's history, but the term is now commonly used to describe contemporary climate change, often popularly referred to as global warming. Since the Industrial Revolution , the climate has increasingly been affected by human activities .

search term: social identity Wikipedia Page

Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, or expressions that characterize a person or a group .

search term: Carbon Tax Wikipedia Page

A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon emissions from producing goods and services. Carbon taxes are intended to make visible the hidden social costs of carbon emissions . They are designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by essentially increasing the price of fossil fuels . This both decreases demand for goods and services that produce high emissions and incentivizes making them less carbon-intensive . When a fossil fuel such as coal , petroleum , or natural gas is burned, most or all of its carbon is converted to CO ₂ . Greenhouse gas emissions cause climate change . This negative externality can be reduced by taxing carbon content at any point in the product cycle.

search term: migration Wikipedia Page

Migration , migratory , or migrate may refer to:

search term: border control Wikipedia Page

Border control comprises measures taken by governments to monitor and regulate the movement of people, animals, and goods across land, air, and maritime borders . While border control is typically associated with international borders, it also encompasses controls imposed on internal borders within a single state.

search term: political spectrum Wikipedia Page

A political spectrum is a system to characterize and classify different political positions in relation to one another. These positions sit upon one or more geometric axes that represent independent political dimensions. The expressions political compass and political map are used to refer to the political spectrum as well, especially to popular two-dimensional models of it.

The 5 May 1789 opening of the Estates General of 1789 in Versailles

search term: rising sea levels Wikipedia Page

The sea level has been rising since the end of the Last Glacial Maximum , which was around 20,000 years ago. Between 1901 and 2018, the average sea level rose by 15–25 cm (6–10 in), with an increase of 2.3 mm (0.091 in) per year since the 1970s. This was faster than the sea level had ever risen over at least the past 3,000 years. The rate accelerated to 4.62 mm (0.182 in)/yr for the decade 2013–2022. Climate change due to human activities is the main cause. Between 1993 and 2018, melting ice sheets and glaciers accounted for 44% of sea level rise , with another 42% resulting from thermal expansion of water .

search term: Lore Wikipedia Page

search term: filial imprinting Wikipedia Page

In psychology and ethology , imprinting is a relatively rapid learning process that occurs during a particular developmental phase of life and leads to corresponding behavioural adaptations. The term originally was used to describe situations in which an animal internalises (learns) the characteristics of a perceived object, for example of a dangerous predator or a sweet fruit. Sigmund Freud , the founder of psychoanalysis , provided the first scientific explanation of how imprinting really works, developing the thesis that our brain can store experiences in its neural network through "a permanent change after an event" – one of the main functions of the long-term memory, which he called superego . Shaped by social experiences during childhood, this instance is connected to the ego (consciousness) which is necessary for controlling behaviour in order to satisfy a series of innate needs. Ultimately the imprinted superego performs the function of conscience , which makes aware of two types of feelings: warnings not to repeat wrong decisions; and anticipation of the repeated experience of satisfaction.

search term: scientific research Wikipedia Page

search term: climate communication Wikipedia Page

Climate communication or climate change communication is a field of environmental communication and science communication focused on discussing the causes, nature and effects of anthropogenic climate change .

search term: rock band Wikipedia Page

A rock band or pop band is a small musical ensemble that performs rock music, pop music, or a related genre. A four-piece band is the most common configuration in rock and pop music. In the early years, the configuration was typically two guitarists (a lead guitarist and a rhythm guitarist, with one of them singing lead vocals), a bassist, and a drummer (e.g. the Beatles and KISS ). Another common formation is a vocalist who does not play an instrument, electric guitarist, bass guitarist, and a drummer (e.g. the Who , the Monkees , Led Zeppelin and U2 ). Sometimes, in addition to electric guitars, electric bass, and drums, also a keyboardist (especially a pianist) plays.

search term: FOMO Wikipedia Page

Fear of missing out ( FOMO ) is the feeling of apprehension that one is either not in the know about or missing out on information, events, experiences, or life decisions that could make one's life better. FOMO is also associated with a fear of regret , which may lead to concerns that one might miss an opportunity for social interaction , a novel experience, a memorable event, profitable investment, or the comfort of loved ones. It is characterized by a desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing, and can be described as the fear that deciding not to participate is the wrong choice. FOMO could result from not knowing about a conversation, missing a TV show, not attending a wedding or party, or hearing that others have discovered a new restaurant. In recent years, FOMO has been attributed to a number of negative psychological and behavioral symptoms.

search term: Environmental Psychology Wikipedia Page

Environmental psychology is a branch of psychology that explores the relationship between humans and the external world. It examines the way in which the natural environment and our built environments shape us as individuals. Environmental psychology investigates how humans change the environment and how the environment influences humans' experiences and behaviors. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments , social settings , built environments , learning environments , and informational environments . According to an article on APA Psychnet, environmental psychology is when a person thinks to a plan, travels to a certain place, and follows through with the plan throughout their behavior.

search term: optimal solution Wikipedia Page

In mathematics , engineering , computer science and economics , an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions .

search term: cognitive load Wikipedia Page

In cognitive psychology , cognitive load is the effort being used in the working memory . According to work conducted in the field of instructional design and pedagogy , broadly, there are three types of cognitive load:

search term: hybrid car Wikipedia Page

A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids .

search term: car pool Wikipedia Page

Carpooling is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car, and prevents the need for others to have to drive to a location themselves. Carpooling is considered a Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) service.

search term: environmental impact Wikipedia Page

search term: metadata Wikipedia Page

Metadata (or metainformation ) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data. It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite. As such, efforts to define , classify types , or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use . The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture .

In the 21st century, metadata typically refers to digital forms, but traditional card catalogs contain metadata, with cards holding information about books in a library (author, title, subject, etc.).

search term: tennis Wikipedia Page

Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent ( singles ) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles ). Each player uses a tennis racket strung with a cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court . The object is to manoeuvre the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. If a player is unable to return the ball successfully, the opponent scores a point .

search term: glaciers Wikipedia Page

A glacier ( US : / ˈ ɡ l eɪ ʃ ər / ; UK : / ˈ ɡ l æ s i ə / or / ˈ ɡ l eɪ s i ə / ) is a persistent body of dense ice, a form of rock, that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. It acquires distinguishing features, such as crevasses and seracs , as it slowly flows and deforms under stresses induced by its weight. As it moves, it abrades rock and debris from its substrate to create landforms such as cirques , moraines , or fjords . Although a glacier may flow into a body of water, it forms only on land and is distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.

search term: International Centre Wikipedia Page

The International Centre is a multi-purpose convention centre in Mississauga , Ontario , Canada, located near Toronto Pearson International Airport . The International Centre is privately owned and hosts over 450 shows and events each year.

search term: Buddhist Wikipedia Page

search term: Brownian motion Wikipedia Page

Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas ). The traditional mathematical formulation of Brownian motion is that of the Wiener process , which is often called Brownian motion, even in mathematical sources.

search term: particle acceleration Wikipedia Page

In acoustics , particle acceleration is the acceleration (rate of change in speed and direction) of particles in a sound transmission medium. When sound passes through a medium it causes particle displacement and as such causes changes in their acceleration.

search term: Bodhi tree Wikipedia Page

24°41′45.29″N 84°59′29.29″E / 24.6959139°N 84.9914694°E

search term: Physicists Wikipedia Page

A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics , which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate causes of phenomena , and usually frame their understanding in mathematical terms. They work across a wide range of research fields , spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic and particle physics , through biological physics , to cosmological length scales encompassing the universe as a whole. The field generally includes two types of physicists: experimental physicists who specialize in the observation of natural phenomena and the development and analysis of experiments, and theoretical physicists who specialize in mathematical modeling of physical systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.

search term: brick wall Wikipedia Page

A wall is a structure and a surface that defines an area; carries a load; provides security , shelter , or soundproofing ; or serves a decorative purpose. There are various types of walls, including border barriers between countries, brick walls, defensive walls in fortifications , and retaining walls that hold back dirt, stone, water, or noise. Walls can also be found in buildings, where they support roofs , floors , and ceilings , enclose spaces, and provide shelter and security.

search term: jaywalker Wikipedia Page

Jaywalking is the act of pedestrians walking in or crossing a roadway if that act contravenes traffic regulations. The term jay-walker originated in the United States as a derivation of the phrase jay-driver (the word jay meaning a greenhorn , or rube ), referring to people who drove horse-drawn carriages and automobiles on the wrong side of the road.

Sign prohibiting jaywalking in Singapore 's Orchard Road

search term: wheat field Wikipedia Page

Wheatfield and similar terms may refer to:

search term: red blood cells Wikipedia Page

Red blood cells ( RBCs ), referred to as erythrocytes (from Ancient Greek erythros ' red ' and kytos ' hollow vessel ' , with - cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells , erythroid cells , and rarely haematids , are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate 's principal means of delivering oxygen ( O ₂ ) to the body tissues —via blood flow through the circulatory system . Erythrocytes take up oxygen in the lungs , or in fish the gills , and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries .

search term: hair Wikipedia Page

Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis . Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals . The human body , apart from areas of glabrous skin , is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair . Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth , hair types, and hair care , but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein , notably alpha-keratin .

search term: fingernails Wikipedia Page

A nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits ( fingers and toes ) of almost all primates (exception: Marmosets ), corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough rigid protein called alpha-keratin , a polymer also found in the claws, hooves , and horns of vertebrates .

search term: rabbit Wikipedia Page

Rabbits or bunnies are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also includes the hares ), which is in the order Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas ). They are familiar throughout the world as a small herbivore, a prey animal, a domesticated form of livestock, and a pet, having a widespread effect on ecologies and cultures. The most widespread rabbit genera are Oryctolagus and Sylvilagus . The former, Oryctolagus , includes the European rabbit , Oryctolagus cuniculus , which is the ancestor of the hundreds of breeds of domestic rabbit and has been introduced on every continent except Antarctica . The latter, Sylvilagus , includes over 13 wild rabbit species, among them the cottontails and tapetis . Wild rabbits not included in Oryctolagus and Sylvilagus include several species of limited distribution , including the pygmy rabbit , volcano rabbit , and Sumatran striped rabbit .

search term: Doggerland Wikipedia Page

Doggerland was a large area of land in Northern Europe , now submerged beneath the southern North Sea . This region was repeatedly exposed at various times during the Pleistocene epoch due to the lowering of sea levels during glacial periods . However, the term "Doggerland" is generally specifically used for this region during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene . During the early Holocene following the glacial retreat at the end of the Last Glacial Period , the exposed land area of Doggerland stretched across the region between what is now the east coast of Great Britain , northern France , Belgium , the Netherlands , north-western Germany , and the Danish peninsula of Jutland . Between 10,000 and 7,000 years ago, Doggerland was inundated by rising sea levels, disintegrating initially into a series of low-lying islands before submerging completely. The impact of the tsunami generated by the Storegga underwater landslide c. 8,200 years ago on Doggerland is controversial. The flooded land is known as the Dogger Littoral.

Map of Doggerland at its near maximum extent c. 10,000 years Before Present (~8,000 BCE) (top left) and its subsequent disintegration by 7,000 BP (~5,000 BCE)

search term: Northern Europe Wikipedia Page

The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea , which is about 54°N , or may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology .

search term: National Geographic Magazine Wikipedia Page

National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine , sometimes branded as Nat Geo ) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners . The magazine was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine months after the establishment of the society, but is now a popular magazine. In 1905, it began including pictures, a style for which it became well known. Its first color photos appeared in the 1910s. During the Cold War , the magazine committed itself to present a balanced view of the physical and human geography of countries beyond the Iron Curtain . Later, the magazine became outspoken on environmental issues .

search term: National Geographic Wikipedia Page

search term: Time Machine Wikipedia Page

A time machine is a fictional or hypothetical device for time travel.

search term: Mekong River Wikipedia Page

The Mekong or Mekong River ( UK : / m iː ˈ k ɒ ŋ / mee- KONG , US : / ˌ m eɪ ˈ k ɔː ŋ / may- KAWNG ) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia . It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau , the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River ), Myanmar , Laos , Thailand , Cambodia , and southern Vietnam . The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem , including the exacerbation of drought .

search term: civilisations Wikipedia Page

search term: Personal Wikipedia Page

Personal may refer to:

search term: landscapes Wikipedia Page

A landscape is the visible features of an area of land , its landforms , and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal. A landscape includes the physical elements of geophysically defined landforms such as mountains , hills , water bodies such as rivers , lakes , ponds and the sea , living elements of land cover including indigenous vegetation , human elements including different forms of land use , buildings, and structures , and transitory elements such as lighting and weather conditions. Combining both their physical origins and the cultural overlay of human presence, often created over millennia, landscapes reflect a living synthesis of people and place that is vital to local and national identity .

search term: economies Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: Buddhist wisdom Wikipedia Page

Prajñā ( प्रज्ञा ) or paññā ( 𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀜𑀸 ) is a Buddhist term often translated as "wisdom", "transcendental wisdom", "insight", "intelligence", or "understanding". It is described in Buddhist texts as the understanding of the true nature of phenomena. In the context of Buddhist meditation , it is the ability to understand the three characteristics of all things: anicca ("impermanence"), dukkha ("dissatisfaction" or "suffering"), and anattā ("non-self" or "egolessness"). Mahāyāna texts describe it as the understanding of śūnyatā ("emptiness"). It is part of the Threefold Training in Buddhism, and is one of the ten pāramīs of Theravāda Buddhism and one of the six Mahāyāna pāramitās .

search term: human instinct Wikipedia Page

Human instinct may refer to:

search term: American War of Independence Wikipedia Page

American and allied victory

MAP of the 1763 Treaty of Paris claims in North America by the British and Spanish. The British claim east of the Mississippi River, including the Floridas ceded by Spain, and the previous French North America along the St. Lawrence River, west through the Great Lakes, and southerly along the east bank of the Mississippi River. Spanish claims added French cessions from French Louisiana east to the Mississippi River. — Map showing the territorial gains of Great Britain and Spain following the French and Indian War with lands held by the British prior to 1763 (in red), land gained by Britain in 1763 (in pink), and lands ceded to the Kingdom of Spain in secret during 1762 (in light yellow).

search term: umbilical cord Wikipedia Page

In placental mammals , the umbilical cord (also called the navel string , birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis ) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta . During prenatal development , the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries ) and one vein (the umbilical vein ), buried within Wharton's jelly . The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated , nutrient -rich blood from the placenta . Conversely, the fetal heart pumps low-oxygen, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta.

search term: historical documents Wikipedia Page

Historical documents are original documents that contain important historical information about a person, place, or event and can thus serve as primary sources as important ingredients of the historical methodology .

search term: patricide Wikipedia Page

Note: Varies by jurisdiction

search term: King George III Wikipedia Page

George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. The Acts of Union 1800 unified Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , with George as its king. He was concurrently duke and prince-elector of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was the first monarch of the House of Hanover who was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover.

search term: democratic governments Wikipedia Page

search term: technological innovation Wikipedia Page

Technological innovation is an extended concept of innovation . While innovation is a rather well-defined concept, it has a broad meaning to many people, and especially numerous understanding in the academic and business world.

search term: common good Wikipedia Page

In philosophy , economics , and political science , the common good (also commonwealth , common weal , general welfare , or public benefit ) is either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community , or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service. The concept of the common good differs significantly among philosophical doctrines . Early conceptions of the common good were set out by Ancient Greek philosophers, including Aristotle and Plato . One understanding of the common good rooted in Aristotle's philosophy remains in common usage today, referring to what one contemporary scholar calls the "good proper to, and attainable only by, the community, yet individually shared by its members."

search term: clipart Wikipedia Page

Clip art (also clipart , clip-art ) is a type of graphic art . Pieces are pre-made images used to illustrate any medium. Today, clip art is used extensively and comes in many forms, both electronic and printed. However, most clip art today is created, distributed, and used in a digital form. Since its inception, clip art has evolved to include a wide variety of content, file formats, illustration styles, and licensing restrictions. It is generally composed exclusively of illustrations (created by hand or by computer software), and does not include stock photography .

search term: genetic technology Wikipedia Page

Genetic engineering , also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation , is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology . It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms . New DNA is obtained by either isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA. A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism. The first recombinant DNA molecule was made by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus . As well as inserting genes , the process can be used to remove, or " knock out ", genes. The new DNA can either be inserted randomly or targeted to a specific part of the genome .

search term: potential Wikipedia Page

Potential generally refers to a currently unrealized ability . The term is used in a wide variety of fields, from physics to the social sciences to indicate things that are in a state where they are able to change in ways ranging from the simple release of energy by objects to the realization of abilities in people.

search term: GPS Wikipedia Page

The Global Positioning System ( GPS ) is a satellite-based hyperbolic navigation system owned by the United States Space Force and operated by Mission Delta 31 . It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where signal quality permits. It does not require the user to transmit any data, and operates independently of any telephone or Internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. It provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. Although the United States government created, controls, and maintains the GPS system, it is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.

search term: gene Wikipedia Page

In biology , the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity . The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA . There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first copied into RNA . RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for the synthesis of a protein.

search term: long Wikipedia Page

search term: organism Wikipedia Page

search term: mosquitoes Wikipedia Page

Mosquitoes , the Culicidae , are a family of small flies consisting of 3,600 species . The word mosquito (formed by mosca and diminutive -ito ) is Spanish and Portuguese for little fly . Mosquitoes have a slender segmented body , one pair of wings, three pairs of long hair-like legs, and specialized, highly elongated, piercing-sucking mouthparts . All mosquitoes drink nectar from flowers ; females of many species have adapted to also drink blood. The group diversified during the Cretaceous period. Evolutionary biologists view mosquitoes as micropredators , small animals that parasitise larger ones by drinking their blood without immediately killing them. Medical parasitologists view mosquitoes as vectors of disease , carrying protozoan parasites or bacterial or viral pathogens from one host to another.

search term: Quantum Mechanics Wikipedia Page

search term: complex algebra Wikipedia Page

Complex algebra may refer to:

search term: reflexes Wikipedia Page

In biology , a reflex , or reflex action , is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus .

search term: naming Wikipedia Page

Naming is assigning a name to something.

search term: social interactions Wikipedia Page

search term: mental gymnastics Wikipedia Page

Wikipedia does not have an article on "mental gymnastics" , but its sister project Wiktionary does:

search term: linguistics Wikipedia Page

Linguistics is the scientific study of language . The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages ), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics (how the context of use contributes to meaning). Subdisciplines such as biolinguistics (the study of the biological variables and evolution of language) and psycholinguistics (the study of psychological factors in human language) bridge many of these divisions.

search term: shampoo Wikipedia Page

Shampoo ( / ʃ æ m ˈ p uː / ) is a hair care product, typically in the form of a viscous liquid, that is formulated to be used for cleaning (scalp) hair . Less commonly, it is available in solid bar format. (" Dry shampoo " is a separate product.) Shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair, massaging the product in the hair, roots and scalp, and then rinsing it out. Some users may follow a shampooing with the use of hair conditioner .

search term: dreams Wikipedia Page

search term: fundamental values Wikipedia Page

Value or values may refer to:

search term: Great War Wikipedia Page

search term: advertising campaign Wikipedia Page

An advertising campaign or marketing campaign is a series of advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme which make up an integrated marketing communication (IMC). An IMC is a platform in which a group of people can group their ideas, beliefs, and concepts into one large media base. Advertising campaigns utilize diverse media channels over a particular time frame and target identified audiences.

search term: mood Wikipedia Page

Mood or moods may refer to:

search term: moral values Wikipedia Page

search term: European culture Wikipedia Page

The culture of Europe is diverse, and rooted in its art , architecture , traditions , cuisines , music , folklore , embroidery , film , literature , economics , philosophy and religious customs .

search term: Ob Wikipedia Page

12,475.1 m /s (440,550 cu ft/s)
(Period of data: 1930–1984)

13,500 m

search term: Capitalist Wikipedia Page

search term: textbook Wikipedia Page

search term: Burger King Wikipedia Page

Burger King Corporation ( BK , stylized in all caps ) is an American multinational chain of hamburger fast food restaurants . Headquartered in Miami-Dade County, Florida , the company was founded on July 23, 1953, as Insta-Burger King , a Jacksonville, Florida –based restaurant chain. After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties, its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton (1927–2018) and James McLamore (1926–1996) purchased the company in 1959. Over the next half-century, the company changed hands four times and its third set of owners, a partnership between TPG Capital , Bain Capital , and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners , took it public in 2002. In late 2010, 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company in a deal valued at US$3.26 billion. The new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes. 3G, along with its partner Berkshire Hathaway , eventually merged the company with the Canadian-based coffeehouse chain Tim Hortons under the auspices of a new Canadian-based parent company named Restaurant Brands International .

search term: Uber Wikipedia Page

Uber Technologies, Inc. is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services , courier services, food delivery , and freight transport . It is headquartered in San Francisco , California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 15,000 cities worldwide. It is the largest ridesharing company worldwide with over 180 million monthly active users and 6 million active drivers and couriers. It coordinates an average of 36 million trips and delivery orders per day, and has coordinated 64 billion trips and delivery orders since its inception in 2010. In the second quarter of 2025, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 30.6% for mobility services and 18.8% for food delivery.

search term: perfume Wikipedia Page

Perfume ( UK : / ˈ p ɜː f j uː m / , US : / p ər ˈ f j uː m / ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents , usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent . Perfumes can be defined as substances that emit and diffuse a pleasant and fragrant odor. They consist of artificial mixtures of aromatic chemicals and essential oils. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory."

search term: political state Wikipedia Page

A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a definite territory . Government is considered to form the fundamental apparatus of contemporary states.

search term: commercial state Wikipedia Page

The commercial state concept (and its important variant, commercial society) is sometimes associated with Adam Ferguson 's concept of civil society and refers to a government or political state devoted primarily to the promotion and advancement of commercial interests. Ferguson, Adam Smith and other representatives of the Scottish Enlightenment (and who referred to themselves as the literati) were more likely to use the term commercial society . The underlying idea of the commercial state can also be linked to the American School of Economics (and in particular to the legacy of the political and economic approach of Alexander Hamilton ). In its modern manifestation, national, state and local governments which pursue business and commercial development and other forms of economic and industrial development through tax policies and forms of positive incentives and inducements may properly be termed commercial states. Practical commercial state activities include governmental economic development efforts including encouraging plant relocations, tax rebates, zoning easements and assorted other incentives and concessions.

search term: ruling class Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: capitalist society Wikipedia Page

search term: choice function Wikipedia Page

Let X be a set of sets none of which are empty. Then a choice function ( selector , selection ) on X is a mathematical function f that is defined on X such that f is a mapping that assigns each element of X to one of its elements.

search term: restlessness Wikipedia Page

Restless or The Restless may refer to:

search term: apathy Wikipedia Page

Apathy , also referred to as indifference , is a lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern about something. It is a state of indifference, or the suppression of emotions such as concern , excitement , motivation , or passion . An apathetic individual has an absence of interest in or concern about emotional, social, spiritual, philosophical, virtual, or physical life and the world. Apathy can also be defined as a person's lack of goal orientation . Apathy falls in the less extreme spectrum of diminished motivation , with abulia in the middle and akinetic mutism being more extreme than both apathy and abulia.

search term: cynicism Wikipedia Page

Cynic or Cynicism may refer to:

search term: expectation Wikipedia Page

Expectation , or expectations , as well as expectancy or expectancies , may refer to:

search term: social order Wikipedia Page

The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institutions . Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social order. In the second sense, social order is contrasted to social chaos or disorder and refers to a stable state of society in which the existing social structure is accepted and maintained by its members. The problem of order or Hobbesian problem , which is central to much of sociology , political science and political philosophy , is the question of how and why it is that social orders exist at all.

search term: status symbols Wikipedia Page

A status symbol is a visible, external symbol of one's social position, an indicator of economic or social status . Many luxury goods are often considered status symbols. Status symbol is also a sociological term – as part of social and sociological symbolic interactionism – relating to how individuals and groups interact and interpret various cultural symbols.

Social status is often associated with clothing and possessions. In this scene from rural 19th-century Chile , the foreman has a horse and high hat, while the *inquilino* (indebted laborer) does not.

search term: authenticity Wikipedia Page

Authenticity or authentic may refer to:

search term: discipline Wikipedia Page

Discipline is the self-control that is gained by requiring that rules or orders be obeyed, and the ability to keep working at something that is difficult. Disciplinarians believe that such self-control is of the utmost importance and enforce a set of rules that aim to develop such behavior . Such enforcement is sometimes based on punishment , although there is a clear difference between the two. One way to convey such differences is through the root meaning of each word: discipline means " to teach ", while punishment means "to correct or cause pain ". Punishment may extinguish unwanted behavior in the moment, but is ineffective long-term; discipline, by contrast, includes the process of training self control.

search term: patience Wikipedia Page

Patience, or forbearance , is the ability to endure difficult or undesired long-term circumstances. Patience involves perseverance or tolerance in the face of delay, provocation, or stress without responding negatively, such as reacting with disrespect or anger. Patience is also used to refer to the character trait of being disciplined and steadfast. Antonyms of patience include impatience, hastiness , and impetuousness .

search term: faith Wikipedia Page

In religion , faith is " belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion".

search term: narcissism Wikipedia Page

Narcissism is a self-centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs, often at the expense of others. Named after the Greek mythological figure Narcissus who fell in love with his own reflection, narcissism has evolved into a psychological concept studied extensively since the early 20th century, and it has been deemed highly relevant in various societal domains.

search term: Rosa Wikipedia Page

Rosa or De Rosa may refer to:

search term: environmental degradation Wikipedia Page

Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air , water and soil ; the destruction of ecosystems ; habitat destruction ; the extinction of wildlife ; and pollution . It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. The environmental degradation process amplifies the impact of environmental issues which leave lasting impacts on the environment.

More than eighty years after the abandonment of Wallaroo Mines ( Kadina, South Australia ), mosses remain the only vegetation in some areas of the site's grounds.

search term: governance Wikipedia Page

Governance is the overall complex system or framework of processes , functions, structures, rules , laws and norms born out of the relationships , interactions , power dynamics and communication within an organized group of individuals. It sets the boundaries of acceptable conduct and practices of different actors of the group and controls their decision-making processes through the creation and enforcement of rules and guidelines. Furthermore, it also manages , allocates and mobilizes relevant resources and capacities of different members and sets the overall direction of the group in order to effectively address its specific collective needs, problems and challenges.

search term: Homo Ludens Wikipedia Page

Homo Ludens is a book originally published in Dutch in 1938 by Dutch historian and cultural theorist Johan Huizinga . It discusses the importance of the play element of culture and society. Huizinga suggests that play is primary to and a necessary (though not sufficient) condition of the generation of culture. The Latin word ludens is the present active participle of the verb ludere , which itself is cognate with the noun ludus . Ludus has no direct equivalent in English, as it simultaneously refers to sport, play, school, and practice.

search term: rooster Wikipedia Page

The chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl ( Gallus gallus ), originally native to Southeast Asia . It was first domesticated around 8,000 years ago and is one of the most common and widespread domesticated animals in the world. Chickens are primarily kept for their meat and eggs , though they are also kept as pets .

search term: duck Wikipedia Page

Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family Anatidae . Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and geese , which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfamilies, they are a form taxon ; they do not represent a monophyletic group (the group of all descendants of a single common ancestral species), since swans and geese are not considered ducks. Ducks are mostly aquatic birds , and may be found in both fresh water and sea water.

search term: wicker basket Wikipedia Page

Wicker is a method of weaving used to make products such as furniture and baskets, as well as a descriptor to classify such products. It is the oldest furniture making method known to history, dating as far back as c. 3000 BC . Wicker was first documented in ancient Egypt , then having been made from pliable plant material, but in modern times it is made from any pliable, easily woven material. The word wicker or "wisker" is believed to be of Scandinavian origin: vika , which means "to fold" in Swedish. Wicker is traditionally made of material of plant origin, such as willow , rattan , reed , and bamboo , though the term also applies to products woven from synthetic fibers . Wicker is light yet sturdy, making it suitable for items that will be moved often like porch and patio furniture. Rushwork and wickerwork are terms used in England. A typical braiding pattern is called Wiener Geflecht , Viennese braiding, as it was invented in 18th century Vienna and later most prominently used with the Thonet coffeehouse chair.

search term: Royal Garden Wikipedia Page

Royal Garden is the largest residential building in height of Brazil , at 140 metres and 42 floors, according to List of skyscrapers in Brazil.

search term: Montgolfier Brothers Wikipedia Page

The Montgolfier brothers – Joseph-Michel Montgolfier ( French: [ʒozɛf miʃɛl mɔ̃ɡɔlfje] ; 26 August 1740 – 26 June 1810) and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier ( [ʒak etjɛn mɔ̃ɡɔlfje] ; 6 January 1745 – 2 August 1799) – were aviation pioneers, balloonists and paper manufacturers from the commune Annonay in Ardèche , France. They invented the Montgolfière -style hot air balloon , globe aérostatique, which launched the first confirmed piloted ascent by humans in 1783, carrying Jacques-Étienne.

search term: nature Wikipedia Page

Nature is an inherent character or constitution, particularly of the ecosphere or the universe as a whole. In this general sense nature refers to the laws , elements and phenomena of the physical world, including life . Although humans are part of nature, human activity or humans as a whole are often described as at times at odds, or outright separate and even superior to nature.

search term: royalty Wikipedia Page

Royalty may refer to:

search term: phoria Wikipedia Page

Phoria are an English art rock band based in Brighton , consisting of Trewin Howard, Ed Sanderson, Jeb Hardwick , James "Cheese" Cheeseman, and Seryn Burden.

search term: protocols Wikipedia Page

Protocol may refer to:

search term: royal hierarchy Wikipedia Page

Traditional rank amongst European imperiality , royalty , peers , and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages . Although they vary over time and among geographic regions (for example, one region's prince might be equal to another's grand duke ), the following is a reasonably comprehensive list that provides information on both general ranks and specific differences. Distinction should be made between reigning (or formerly reigning) families and the nobility – the latter being a social class subject to and created by the former.

search term: symbolism Wikipedia Page

Symbolism or symbolist may refer to:

search term: nobility Wikipedia Page

Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy . It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty . Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristics associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles or simply formal functions (e.g., precedence ), and vary by country and by era. Membership in the nobility, including rights and responsibilities, is typically hereditary and patrilineal .

search term: Enlightenment age Wikipedia Page

The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason ) was a period in the history of Europe and Western civilization during which the Enlightenment , an intellectual and cultural movement, flourished, emerging in the late 17th century in Western Europe and reaching its peak in the 18th century, as its ideas spread more widely across Europe and into the European colonies , in the Americas and Oceania . Characterized by an emphasis on reason , empirical evidence , and scientific method , the Enlightenment promoted ideals of individual liberty , religious tolerance , progress , and natural rights . Its thinkers advocated for constitutional government , the separation of church and state , and the application of rational principles to social and political reform.

search term: fishing Wikipedia Page

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish . Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment ( freshwater or marine ), but may also be caught from stocked bodies of water such as ponds , canals , park wetlands and reservoirs . Fishing techniques include trawling , longlining , jigging , hand-gathering , spearing , netting , angling , shooting and trapping , as well as more destructive and often illegal techniques such as electrocution , blasting and poisoning .

search term: falconry Wikipedia Page

Falconry is the hunting of wild animals in their natural state and habitat by means of a trained bird of prey . Small animals are hunted; squirrels and rabbits often fall prey to these birds. Two traditional terms are used to describe a person involved in falconry: a "falconer" flies a falcon ; an "austringer" ( Old French origin) keeps Eurasian goshawks and uses accipiters for hunting. In modern falconry, the red-tailed hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis ), Harris's hawk ( Parabuteo unicinctus ), and the peregrine falcon ( Falco perigrinus ) are some of the more commonly used birds of prey. The practice of hunting with a conditioned falconry bird is also called "hawking" or "gamehawking", although the words hawking and hawker have become used so much to refer to petty traveling traders, that the terms "falconer" and "falconry" now apply to most use of trained birds of prey to catch game. However, many contemporary practitioners still use these words in their original meaning.

search term: gloves Wikipedia Page

A glove is a garment covering the hand , with separate sheaths or openings for each finger including the thumb . Gloves protect and comfort hands against cold or heat, damage by friction, abrasion or chemicals, and disease; or in turn to provide a guard for what a bare hand should not touch.

search term: jam Wikipedia Page

Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid , often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread .

search term: jewellery Wikipedia Page

Jewellery (or jewelry in American English ) consists of decorative items worn for personal adornment such as brooches , rings , necklaces , earrings , pendants , bracelets , and cufflinks . Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes. From a Western perspective, the term is restricted to durable ornaments , excluding flowers for example. For many centuries, metals such as gold and silver, often combined with gemstones , has been the normal material for jewellery. Other materials such as glass, shells, or wood may also be used.

search term: jokes Wikipedia Page

A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is usually not meant to be interpreted literally. It usually takes the form of a story, often with dialogue, and ends in a punch line , whereby the humorous element of the story is revealed; this can be done using a pun or other type of word play , irony or sarcasm , logical incompatibility, hyperbole , or other means. Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition:

search term: aristocracy Wikipedia Page

Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek ἀριστοκρατίᾱ ( aristokratíā ) ' rule of the best ' ; from ἄριστος ( áristos ) ' best ' and κράτος ( krátos ) ' power, strength ' ) is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class , the aristocrats .

search term: prison Wikipedia Page

A prison , also known as a jail , gaol , penitentiary , detention center , correction center , correctional facility , or remand center , is a facility where people are imprisoned under the authority of the state , usually as punishment for various crimes . They may also be used to house those awaiting trial (pre-trial detention). Prisons serve two primary functions within the criminal-justice system: holding people charged with crimes while they await trial , and confining those who have pleaded guilty or been convicted to serve out their sentences .

search term: western civilisation Wikipedia Page

search term: Enlightenment thinkers Wikipedia Page

The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement taking place in Europe from the late 17th century to the early 19th century. The Enlightenment, which valued knowledge gained through rationalism and empiricism , was concerned with a range of social ideas and political ideals such as natural law , liberty , and progress , toleration and fraternity , constitutional government , and the formal separation of church and state .

search term: curly wig Wikipedia Page

Caustis restiacea F.Muell. ex Benth.

search term: tour guide Wikipedia Page

A tourist guide is a person who guides visitors in the language of their choice and interprets the cultural and natural heritage of an area. Tourist guides normally possess an area-specific qualification, usually issued and/or recognised by the appropriate authority. The term "tourist guide" is the internationally recognised professional designation, established by major international standards and supported by professional organisations worldwide. In the United States, the colloquial term "tour guide" is commonly used, though this does not align with international professional standards. Tourist guides provide assistance and information on cultural, historical and contemporary heritage to people on organized sightseeing and individual clients at educational establishments, religious and historical sites such as museums , and at various venues of tourist attraction resorts. Tourist guides also take clients on outdoor guided trips, including hiking, whitewater rafting, mountaineering, alpine climbing, rock climbing, ski and snowboarding in the backcountry, fishing, and biking.

search term: student teacher Wikipedia Page

A student teacher or prac teacher ( practise teacher ) is a college , university , or graduate student who is teaching under the supervision of a certified teacher in order to qualify for a degree in education. Student teachers undergo such internship as part of their course requirement or as a course of their programme itself.

search term: photocopies Wikipedia Page

A photocopier (also called copier or copy machine , and formerly Xerox machine , the generic trademark ) is a machine that makes copies of documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers use a technology called xerography , a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image. The toner is then fused onto the paper using heat, pressure, or a combination of both. Copiers can also use other technologies, such as inkjet , but xerography is standard for office copying.

search term: History lessons Wikipedia Page

History Lessons ( German : Geschichtsunterricht ) is a 1972 West German drama film directed by Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub .

search term: human nature Wikipedia Page

Human nature comprises the fundamental dispositions and characteristics—including ways of thinking , feeling , and acting —that humans are said to have naturally . The term is often used to denote the essence of humankind ; however, this usage has proven to be controversial in that there is dispute as to whether or not such an essence actually exists.

search term: capuchin monkey Wikipedia Page

The capuchin monkeys ( / ˈ k æ p j ʊ ( t ) ʃ ɪ n / ) are New World monkeys of the subfamily Cebinae . They are readily identified as the " organ grinder " monkey, and have been used in many movies and television shows. The range of capuchin monkeys includes some tropical forests in Central America and South America as far south as northern Argentina . In Central America, where they are called white-faced monkeys ("carablanca"), they usually occupy the wet lowland forests on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and Panama and deciduous dry forest on the Pacific coast.

search term: state of nature Wikipedia Page

In ethics , political philosophy , social contract theory , religion, and international law , the term state of nature describes the way of life that existed before humans organised themselves into societies or civilisations . Philosophers of the state of nature theory propose that there was a historical period before societies existed, and seek answers to the questions: "What was life like before civil society ?", "How did government emerge from such a primitive start?", and "What are the reasons for entering a state of society by establishing a nation-state?".

search term: Fashion Wikipedia Page

Fashion is a term used interchangeably to describe the creation of clothing , footwear , accessories , cosmetics , and jewellery of different cultural aesthetics and their mix and match into outfits that depict distinctive ways of dressing ( styles and trends ) as signifiers of social status , self-expression , and group belonging. As a multifaceted term, fashion describes an industry , designs , aesthetics , and trends.

search term: style Wikipedia Page

Style, or styles may refer to:

search term: status anxiety Wikipedia Page

Status Anxiety is a nonfiction book by Alain de Botton . It was first published in 2004 by Hamish Hamilton ; subsequent publications have been by Penguin Books .

search term: affluenza Wikipedia Page

Affluenza describes the psychological and social effects of affluence. It is a portmanteau of affluence and influenza , and is used most commonly by critics of consumerism . Some psychologists consider it to be a pseudo-scientific term; however, the word continues to be used in scientific literature.

search term: pessimism Wikipedia Page

Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is " Is the glass half empty or half full? "; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking.

search term: battery power Wikipedia Page

An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices . When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode . The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons . When a battery is connected to an external electric load , those negatively charged electrons flow through the circuit and reach the positive terminal, thus causing a redox reaction by attracting positively charged ions , or cations. Thus, higher energy reactants are converted to lower energy products, and the free-energy difference is delivered to the external circuit as electrical energy. Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells; however, the usage has evolved to include devices composed of a single cell.

search term: aliens Wikipedia Page

Alien ( s ) or The Alien ( s ) may refer to:

search term: revenue Wikipedia Page

In accounting , revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods and services related to the primary operations of a business . Commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover . Some companies receive revenue from interest , royalties , or other fees . "Revenue" may refer to income in general, or it may refer to the amount, in a monetary unit , earned during a period of time, as in "Last year, company X had revenue of $42 million". Profits or net income generally imply total revenue minus total expenses in a given period. In accounting , revenue is a subsection of the equity section of the balance statement, since it increases equity. It is often referred to as the "top line" due to its position at the very top of the income statement . This is to be contrasted with the "bottom line" which denotes net income (gross revenues minus total expenses).

search term: soil depletion Wikipedia Page

Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth , i.e. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality. It also refers to the soil's ability to supply plant/crop nutrients in the right quantities and qualities over a sustained period of time. A fertile soil has the following properties:

search term: overfishing Wikipedia Page

Overfishing is the removal of a species of fish (i.e. fishing ) from a body of water at a rate greater than that the species can replenish its population naturally (i.e. the overexploitation of the fishery 's existing fish stock ), resulting in the species becoming increasingly underpopulated in that area. Overfishing can occur in water bodies of any sizes, such as ponds , wetlands , rivers , lakes or oceans , and can result in resource depletion , reduced biological growth rates and low biomass levels. Sustained overfishing can lead to critical depensation , where the fish population is no longer able to sustain itself. Some forms of overfishing, such as the overfishing of sharks , has led to the upset of entire marine ecosystems . Types of overfishing include growth overfishing, recruitment overfishing, and ecosystem overfishing. Overfishing not only causes negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but also reduces fish production, which subsequently leads to negative social and economic consequences.

search term: climate breakdown Wikipedia Page

search term: ocean acidification Wikipedia Page

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean . Between 1950 and 2020, the average pH of the ocean surface fell from approximately 8.15 to 8.05. Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are the primary cause of ocean acidification, with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) levels exceeding 422 ppm (as of 2024 ). CO ₂ from the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans. This chemical reaction produces carbonic acid ( H ₂ CO ₃ ) which dissociates into a bicarbonate ion ( HCO − 3 ) and a hydrogen ion ( H ). The presence of free hydrogen ions ( H ) lowers the pH of the ocean, increasing acidity (this does not mean that seawater is acidic yet; it is still alkaline , with a pH higher than 8). Marine calcifying organisms , such as mollusks and corals , are especially vulnerable because they rely on calcium carbonate to build shells and skeletons.

Ocean acidification means that the average seawater pH value is dropping over time.

search term: offshore drilling Wikipedia Page

Offshore drilling is a mechanical process where a wellbore is drilled below the seabed. It is typically carried out in order to explore for and subsequently extract petroleum that lies in rock formations beneath the seabed. Most commonly, the term is used to describe drilling activities on the continental shelf , though the term can also be applied to drilling in lakes , inshore waters and inland seas .

search term: fracking Wikipedia Page

Fracking (also known as hydraulic fracturing , fracing , hydrofracturing , or hydrofracking ) is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents ) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep-rock formations through which natural gas , petroleum , and brine will flow more freely. When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide ) hold the fractures open.

search term: landfills Wikipedia Page

A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials. It is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal , although the systematic burial of waste with daily, intermediate, and final covers only began in the 1940s. In the past, waste was simply left in piles or thrown into pits (known in archeology as middens ).

One of several landfills used by Dryden, Ontario , Canada

search term: processing Wikipedia Page

Processing is a free graphics library and integrated development environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts, new media art , and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching non-programmers the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context.

search term: ecological damage Wikipedia Page

Ecological damage may refer to:

search term: yellow sign Wikipedia Page

The King in Yellow is a book of short stories by American writer Robert W. Chambers , first published by F. Tennyson Neely in 1895. The British first edition was published by Chatto & Windus in 1895 (316 pages).

search term: renewables Wikipedia Page

search term: neodymium Wikipedia Page

Neodymium is a chemical element ; it has symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is the fourth member of the lanthanide series and is considered to be one of the rare-earth metals . It is a hard , slightly malleable , silvery metal that quickly tarnishes in air and moisture. When oxidized, neodymium reacts quickly, producing pink, purple/blue, and yellow compounds in the +2, +3 and +4 oxidation states . It is generally regarded as having one of the most complex spectra of the elements. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach , who also discovered praseodymium . Neodymium is present in significant quantities in the minerals monazite and bastnäsite . Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Neodymium is fairly common—about as common as cobalt , nickel , or copper —and is widely distributed in the Earth's crust . Most of the world's commercial neodymium is mined in China, as is the case with many other rare-earth metals.

search term: World Bank Wikipedia Page

The World Bank Group ( WBG ) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries . It is the largest and best-known development bank in the world and an observer at the United Nations Development Group . The bank is headquartered in Washington, D.C. , in the United States . It provided around $98.83 billion in loans and assistance to "developing" and transition countries in the 2021 fiscal year. The bank's stated mission is to achieve the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and building shared prosperity. Total lending as of 2015 for the last 10 years through Development Policy Financing was approximately $117 billion. Its five organizations have been established over time:

search term: indium Wikipedia Page

Indium is a chemical element ; it has symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a silvery-white post-transition metal and one of the softest elements. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium , and its properties are largely intermediate between the two. It was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter by spectroscopic methods and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum.

search term: solar technology Wikipedia Page

search term: electricity Wikipedia Page

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge . Electricity is related to magnetism , both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism , as described by Maxwell's equations . Common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning , static electricity , electric heating , electric discharges and many others.

search term: cobalt Wikipedia Page

Cobalt is a chemical element ; it has symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel , cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron . The free element , produced by reductive smelting , is a hard, lustrous, somewhat brittle, gray metal .

search term: Mexico Wikipedia Page

Mexico , officially the United Mexican States , is a country in North America . It is the northernmost country in Latin America , and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km (761,610 sq mi), and is the thirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 130 million, Mexico is the tenth-most populous country in the world and is home to the largest number of native Spanish speakers . Mexico City is the capital and largest city , which ranks among the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.

search term: silver mines Wikipedia Page

Silver mining is the extraction of silver by mining . Silver is a precious metal and holds high economic value. Because silver is often found in intimate combination with other metals, its extraction requires the use of complex technologies. In 2008, approximately 25,900 metric tons of silver were consumed worldwide, most of which came from mining. Silver mining has a variety of effects on the environment, humans, and animals.

search term: tailings dam Wikipedia Page

A tailings dam is typically an earth-fill embankment dam used to store byproducts of mining operations after separating the ore from the gangue . Tailings can be liquid, solid, or a slurry of fine particles, and are usually highly toxic and potentially radioactive. Solid tailings are often used as part of the structure itself.

search term: ecological disaster Wikipedia Page

An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is defined as a catastrophic event regarding the natural environment that is due to human activity . This point distinguishes environmental disasters from other disturbances such as natural disasters and intentional acts of war such as nuclear bombings .

search term: water Wikipedia Page

Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H ₂ O . It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance . It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms, in which it acts as a solvent . Water, being a polar molecule, undergoes strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding which is a large contributor to its physical and chemical properties. It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy or being an organic micronutrient . Due to its presence in all organisms, its chemical stability, its worldwide abundance, and its strong polarity relative to its small molecular size, water is often referred to as the "universal solvent".

search term: Andes Wikipedia Page

The Andes ( / ˈ æ n d iː z / AN -deez Ananta ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range ( Spanish : Cordillera de los Andes ; Quechua : Anti ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world , forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America . The range is 8,900 km (5,500 mi) long and 200 to 700 km (120 to 430 mi) wide (widest between 18°S and 20°S latitude ) and has an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The Andes extend from south to north through seven South American countries: Argentina , Chile , Bolivia , Peru , Ecuador , Colombia , and Venezuela .

search term: mining companies Wikipedia Page

This is an incomplete alphabetical list of mining companies .

search term: lithium mines Wikipedia Page

search term: TED talk Wikipedia Page

TED Conferences, LLC ( Technology, Entertainment, Design ) is an American-Canadian non-profit media organization that posts international talks online for free distribution under the slogan "Ideas Change Everything" (previously "Ideas Worth Spreading"). It was founded by Richard Saul Wurman and Harry Marks in February 1984 as a technology conference, in which Mickey Schulhof gave a demo of the compact disc that was invented in October 1982. Its main conference has been held annually since 1990. It covers almost all topics—from science to business to global issues —in more than 100 languages.

search term: Green Energy Transition Wikipedia Page

search term: economic Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: bicycles Wikipedia Page

search term: obsolescence Wikipedia Page

Obsolescence is the process of becoming antiquated, out of date, old-fashioned, no longer in general use, no longer useful, or superseded by innovation, or the condition of being in such a state. When used in a biological sense, it means imperfect or rudimentary when compared with the corresponding part of other organisms. The international standard IEC 62402:2019 Obsolescence Management defines obsolescence as the "transition from available to unavailable from the manufacturer in accordance with the original specification".

search term: desire Wikipedia Page

Desires are states of mind that are expressed by terms like " wanting ", " wishing ", "longing" or "craving". A great variety of features is commonly associated with desires. They are seen as propositional attitudes towards conceivable states of affairs . They aim to change the world by representing how the world should be, unlike beliefs , which aim to represent how the world actually is. Desires are closely related to agency : they motivate the agent to realize them. For this to be possible, a desire has to be combined with a belief about which action would realize it. Desires present their objects in a favorable light, as something that appears to be good. Their fulfillment is normally experienced as pleasurable in contrast to the negative experience of failing to do so. Conscious desires are usually accompanied by some form of emotional response. While many researchers roughly agree on these general features, there is significant disagreement about how to define desires, i.e. which of these features are essential and which ones are merely accidental. Action-based theories define desires as structures that incline us toward actions. Pleasure-based theories focus on the tendency of desires to cause pleasure when fulfilled. Value-based theories identify desires with attitudes toward values, like judging or having an appearance that something is good.

search term: profitability Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: game Wikipedia Page

A game is a structured type of play usually undertaken for entertainment or fun , and sometimes used as an educational tool . Many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or video games ) or art (such as games involving an artistic layout such as mahjong , solitaire , or some video games).

search term: World Religions Wikipedia Page

World religions is a socially-constructed category in the study of religion that demarcates religions deemed to have been especially large, internationally widespread, or influential in the development of human societies. It typically consists of the "big five" religions: Buddhism , Christianity , Hinduism , Islam , and Judaism . These are often juxtaposed against categories such as folk religions , Indigenous religions , and new religious movements (NRMs).

search term: mythology Wikipedia Page

Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society. For scholars, this is totally different from the ordinary sense of the term myth , meaning a belief that is not true, as the veracity of a piece of folklore is entirely irrelevant to determining whether it constitutes a myth.

search term: Ganesh Wikipedia Page

Ganesha or Ganesh ( Sanskrit : गणेश , IAST : Gaṇeśa , IPA: [ɡɐˈɳeːɕɐ] ), also known as Ganapati , Vinayaka and Pillaiyar , is one of the best-known and most revered and worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon and is the Supreme God in the Ganapatya sect. His depictions are found throughout India . Hindu denominations worship him regardless of affiliations. Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends to Jains and Buddhists and beyond India.

search term: ritual Wikipedia Page

A ritual is a repeated, structured sequence of actions or behaviors that alters the internal or external state of an individual, group, or environment, regardless of conscious understanding, emotional context, or symbolic meaning. Traditionally associated with gestures, words, or revered objects, rituals also occur in non-human species, such as elephant mourning or corvid object-leaving. They may be prescribed by tradition, including religious practices, and are often characterized by formalism, traditionalism, rule-governance, and performance.

search term: rational Wikipedia Page

Rationality is the quality of being guided by or based on reason . In this regard, a person acts rationally if they have a good reason for what they do, or a belief is rational if it is based on strong evidence . This quality can apply to an ability, as in a rational animal , to a psychological process , like reasoning , to mental states , such as beliefs and intentions , or to persons who possess these other forms of rationality. A thing that lacks rationality is either arational , if it is outside the domain of rational evaluation, or irrational , if it belongs to this domain but does not fulfill its standards.

German scholar Max Weber notably articulated a theory of rationality that divided human capacity to think through things in four ways.

search term: Vocabulary Wikipedia Page

A vocabulary (also known as a lexicon ) is a set of words , typically the set in a language or the set known to an individual. The word vocabulary originated from the Latin vocabulum , meaning "a word, name". It forms an essential component of language and communication , helping convey thoughts, ideas, emotions, and information. Vocabulary can be oral , written , or signed and can be categorized into two main types: active vocabulary (words one uses regularly) and passive vocabulary (words one recognizes but does not use often). An individual's vocabulary continually evolves through various methods, including direct instruction , independent reading , and natural language exposure, but it can also shrink due to forgetting , trauma , or disease . Furthermore, vocabulary is a significant focus of study across various disciplines, like linguistics , education , psychology , and artificial intelligence . Vocabulary is not limited to single words; it also encompasses multi-word units known as collocations , idioms , and other types of phraseology. Acquiring an adequate vocabulary is one of the largest challenges in learning a second language .

search term: Encyclopaedia Wikipedia Page

An encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge , either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are arranged alphabetically by article name or by thematic categories, or else are hyperlinked and searchable. Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries . Generally speaking, encyclopedia articles focus on factual information concerning the subject named in the article's title; this is unlike dictionary entries, which focus on linguistic information about words , such as their etymology , meaning, pronunciation , use, and grammatical forms.

search term: child rearing Wikipedia Page

Parenting or child rearing promotes and supports the physical , cognitive , social , emotional , and educational development from infancy to adulthood . Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child and not exclusively for a biological relationship.

search term: technology Wikipedia Page

Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals , especially in a reproducible way. The word technology can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines , and intangible ones such as software . Technology plays a critical role in science , engineering , and everyday life .

search term: green growth Wikipedia Page

Green growth is a concept in economic theory and policymaking used to describe paths of economic growth that are environmentally sustainable. The term was coined in 2005 by the South Korean Rae Kwon Chung ( de ), a director at UNESCAP . It is based on the understanding that as long as economic growth remains a predominant goal, a decoupling of economic growth from resource use and adverse environmental impacts is required. As such, green growth is closely related to the concepts of green economy and low-carbon or sustainable development . A main driver for green growth is the transition towards sustainable energy systems. Advocates of green growth policies argue that well-implemented green policies can create opportunities for employment in sectors such as renewable energy , green agriculture , or sustainable forestry .

search term: blue growth Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: economic output Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: human life span Wikipedia Page

search term: Santa Claus Wikipedia Page

Santa Claus (also known as Saint Nicholas , Saint Nick , Father Christmas , Kris Kringle or Santa ) is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts during the late evening and overnight hours on Christmas Eve . Christmas elves are said to make the gifts in Santa's workshop , while flying reindeer pull his sleigh through the air.

search term: Easter Bunny Wikipedia Page

The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare ) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter , depicted as a rabbit —sometimes dressed with clothes—bringing Easter eggs . Originating among German Lutherans , the "Easter Hare" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide , similar to the "naughty or nice" list made by Santa Claus . As part of the legend, the creature carries colored eggs in its basket, as well as candy, and sometimes toys, to the homes of children. As such, the Easter Bunny again shows similarities to Santa (or the Christkind ) and Christmas by bringing gifts to children on the night before a holiday. The custom was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau 's De ovis paschalibus ("About Easter Eggs") in 1682, referring to a German folk belief of an Easter Hare laying eggs hidden in garden and bushes for children to find.

search term: formal education Wikipedia Page

Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits . Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools , following a curriculum. Non-formal education also follows a structured approach but occurs outside the formal schooling system, while informal education involves unstructured learning through daily experiences. Formal and non-formal education are categorized into levels, including early childhood education , primary education , secondary education , and tertiary education . Other classifications focus on teaching methods, such as teacher-centered and student-centered education , and on subjects, such as science education , language education , and physical education . Additionally, the term "education" can denote the mental states and qualities of educated individuals and the academic field studying educational phenomena.

search term: pedagogy Wikipedia Page

Pedagogy ( / ˈ p ɛ d ə ɡ ɒ dʒ i , - ɡ oʊ dʒ i , - ɡ ɒ ɡ i / ), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching , is the theory and practice of learning , and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political, and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken as an academic discipline, is the study of how knowledge and skills are imparted in an educational context, and it considers the interactions that take place during learning. Both the theory and practice of pedagogy vary greatly as they reflect different social, political, and cultural contexts.

search term: playfulness Wikipedia Page

Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreation . Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functioning animals as well, most notably mammals and birds .

search term: kite Wikipedia Page

A kite is a tethered heavier-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have a bridle and tail to guide the face of the kite so the wind can lift it. Some kite designs do not need a bridle; box kites can have a single attachment point. A kite may have fixed or moving anchors that can balance the kite. The name is derived from the kite , the hovering bird of prey.

search term: chess Wikipedia Page

Chess is a board game for two players. It is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no elements of chance . It is played on a square board consisting of 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The players, referred to as "White" and "Black" , each control sixteen pieces : one king , one queen , two rooks , two bishops , two knights , and eight pawns , with each type of piece having a different pattern of movement. An enemy piece may be captured (removed from the board) by moving one's own piece onto the square it occupies. The object of the game is to " checkmate " (threaten with inescapable capture) the enemy king. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw .

search term: Grand Masters Wikipedia Page

Grandmaster or Grand Master may refer to:

search term: dystopian literature Wikipedia Page

Utopian and dystopian fiction are subgenres of speculative fiction that explore extreme forms of social and political structures. A utopia is a setting that agrees with the author's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers. A dystopia offers the opposite: the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author's ethos. Some novels depict both types of society to more directly contrast their properties. Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other types of speculative fiction.

search term: Boundaries Wikipedia Page

Boundary or Boundaries may refer to:

search term: countdown timer Wikipedia Page

A countdown is a sequence of backward counting to indicate the time remaining before an event is scheduled to occur. NASA commonly employs the terms "L-minus" and "T-minus" during the preparation for and anticipation of a rocket launch, and even "E-minus" for events that involve spacecraft that are already in space, where the "T" could stand for "Test" or "Time", and the "E" stands for "Encounter", as with a comet or some other space object, like a spacecraft .

search term: safe space Wikipedia Page

The term safe space refers to places "intended to be free of bias, conflict, criticism, or potentially threatening actions, ideas, or conversations", according to Merriam-Webster. It is a place where marginalized groups can discuss issues pertinent to them without having to address questions or remarks that might be directed at them from majority groups in society who are not familiar with certain issues. The term originated in LGBTQ culture, but has since expanded to include any place where a marginalized minority (e.g., gender, racial, religious, ethnic) can come together to communicate regarding their shared experiences. Safe spaces are most commonly located on university campuses in the western world, but also are at workplaces, as in the case of Nokia .

An inverted pink triangle , surrounded by a green circle symbolising universal acceptance, to indicate alliance with gay rights and spaces free from homophobia . This symbol was introduced at anti-homophobia workshops from the Gay & Lesbian Urban Explorers in 1989.

search term: symphony Wikipedia Page

A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music , most often for orchestra . Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements , often four, with the first movement in sonata form . Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section ( violin , viola , cello , and double bass ), brass , woodwind , and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score , which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony , or Mahler's Second Symphony ).

search term: domestic violence Wikipedia Page

Domestic violence ( DV ) is violence that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation . In a broader sense, abuse including nonphysical abuse in such settings is called domestic abuse . The term domestic violence is often used as a synonym for intimate partner violence , which is committed by one of the people in an intimate relationship against the other, and can take place in relationships or between former spouses or partners. In a broader sense, the term can also refer to violence against one's family members, such as children, siblings or parents.

search term: necktie Wikipedia Page

A necktie ( American English ) – also called a long tie or, more usually, simply a tie ( Commonwealth English ) – is a cloth article of formal neckwear or office attire worn for decorative or symbolic purposes, knotted at the throat, resting under a folded shirt collar , and usually draped down the chest. On rare occasions neckties are worn above a winged shirt collar . Neckties are usually paired with collared dress shirts under suit jackets or blazers , but have often been seen with other articles, such as sport coats and v-neck sweaters . Neckties can also be part of a uniform , however, in occupations where manual labor is involved, the end of the necktie is often tucked into the button line front placket of a dress shirt, such as the dress uniform of the United States Marine Corps .

search term: white shirt Wikipedia Page

The lèine bhàn , (meaning 'white shirt' in Scottish Gaelic ), was a distinctive smock which transgressors of ecclesiastical law , in Scotland , were at one time obliged to wear in church during public worship on one or more Sundays – also called gùn odhar (' dun gown'), and gùn na h-eaglaise ('church gown').

search term: punk music Wikipedia Page

Punk rock (also known as punk ) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the mid-1970s. Rooted in 1950s rock and roll and 1960s garage rock , punk bands rejected the overproduction and corporate nature of mainstream rock music. Typically producing short, fast-paced songs with rough stripped-down vocals and instrumentation and an anti-establishment theme, artists embrace a DIY ethic with many bands self-producing and distributing recordings through independent labels .

1980s punks with leather jackets and dyed mohawk hairstyles

search term: classical music Wikipedia Page

Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world , considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions. It is sometimes distinguished as Western classical music , as the term "classical music" can also be applied to non-Western art musics . Classical music is often characterized by formality and complexity in its musical form and harmonic organization , particularly with the use of polyphony . Since at least the ninth century, it has been primarily a written tradition, spawning a sophisticated notational system, as well as accompanying literature in analytical , critical , historiographical , musicological and philosophical practices.

search term: bolts Wikipedia Page

Bolt or bolts may refer to:

search term: vandalism Wikipedia Page

Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

search term: Thrash Metal Wikipedia Page

Thrash metal (or simply thrash ) is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its overall aggression and fast tempo. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs , overlaid with shredding -style lead guitar work.

search term: virtue Wikipedia Page

A virtue ( Latin : virtus ) is a trait of excellence, including traits that may be moral , social, or intellectual. The cultivation and refinement of virtue is held to be the " good of humanity" and thus is valued as an end purpose of life or a foundational principle of being. In human practical ethics, a virtue is a disposition to choose actions that succeed in showing high moral standards: doing what is said to be right and avoiding what is wrong in a given field of endeavour, even when doing so may be unnecessary from a utilitarian perspective. When someone takes pleasure in doing what is right, even when it is difficult or initially unpleasant, they can establish virtue as a habit. Such a person is said to be virtuous through having cultivated such a disposition. The opposite of virtue is vice .

search term: human emotions Wikipedia Page

search term: virtuoso Wikipedia Page

A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso , Italian: [virˈtwoːzo] or Italian: [virtuˈoːso] ; Late Latin virtuosus ; Latin virtus ; 'virtue', 'excellence' or 'skill') is an individual who possesses outstanding talent and technical ability in a particular art or field such as fine arts , music, singing , playing a musical instrument , or composition.

search term: virtuosos Wikipedia Page

search term: specialization Wikipedia Page

Specialization or Specialized may refer to:

search term: standardization Wikipedia Page

Standardization ( American English ) or standardisation ( British English ) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility , interoperability , safety , repeatability , efficiency , and quality . It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

search term: Spain Wikipedia Page

Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country in Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa . Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe , it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union (EU) member state. Spanning the majority of the Iberian Peninsula , its territory also includes the Canary Islands , in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean , the Balearic Islands , in the Western Mediterranean Sea , and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla , in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar ; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga , Murcia , and Palma de Mallorca .

search term: COP25 Wikipedia Page

The 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference , also known as COP25 , was the 25th United Nations Climate Change conference . It was held in Madrid , Spain, from 2 to 13 December 2019 under the presidency of the Chilean government. The conference incorporated the 25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the 15th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol ( CMP15 ), and the second meeting of the parties to the Paris Agreement ( CMA2 ).

search term: Atlantic Wall Wikipedia Page

The Atlantic Wall (German: Atlantikwall ) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom , during World War II . The manning and operation of the Atlantic Wall was administratively overseen by the German Army , with some support from Luftwaffe ground forces. The Kriegsmarine (German Navy) maintained a separate coastal defence network, organised into a number of sea defence zones .

search term: Allies Wikipedia Page

An alliance is a relationship among people , groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies . Alliances form in many settings, including political alliances , military alliances , and business alliances .

search term: Operation Overlord Wikipedia Page

Günther von Kluge
( OB West ) from 2 July

search term: PISA Wikipedia Page

The Programme for International Student Assessment ( PISA ) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading. It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years. Its aim is to provide comparable data to enable countries to improve their education policies and outcomes. It measures problem solving and cognition.

PISA test documents on a school table (Neues Gymnasium, Oldenburg, Germany, 2006)

search term: global affairs Wikipedia Page

Global studies ( GS ) or global affairs ( GA ) is the interdisciplinary study of global macro-processes. Predominant subjects are political science in the form of global politics , as well as economics , law , the sociology of law , ecology , environmental studies , geography , sociology , culture , anthropology and ethnography . It distinguishes itself from the related discipline of international relations by its comparatively lesser focus on the nation state as a fundamental analytical unit, instead focusing on the broader issues relating to cultural and economic globalisation , global power structures, as well of the effect of humans on the global environment.

search term: Leverage points Wikipedia Page

The twelve leverage points to intervene in a system were proposed by Donella Meadows , a scientist and system analyst who studied environmental limits to economic growth.

search term: Exxon Mobil Wikipedia Page

search term: social entrepreneurship Wikipedia Page

Social entrepreneurship is an approach by individuals, groups, start-up companies or entrepreneurs , in which they develop, fund and implement solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. This concept may be applied to a wide range of organizations, which vary in size, aims, and beliefs. For-profit entrepreneurs typically measure performance using business metrics like profit , revenues and increases in stock prices . Social entrepreneurs, however, are either non-profits , or they blend for-profit goals with generating a positive "return to society". Therefore, they use different metrics. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural and environmental goals often associated with the voluntary sector in areas such as poverty alleviation, health care and community development .

search term: public sphere Wikipedia Page

search term: economic wealth Wikipedia Page

search term: marginal benefit Wikipedia Page

Marginal utility, in mainstream economics , describes the change in utility (pleasure or satisfaction resulting from the consumption) of one unit of a good or service. Marginal utility can be positive, negative, or zero. Negative marginal utility implies that every consumed additional unit of a commodity causes more harm than good, leading to a decrease in overall utility. In contrast, positive marginal utility indicates that every additional unit consumed increases overall utility.

search term: secondary schools Wikipedia Page

search term: ambient noise Wikipedia Page

Background noise or ambient noise is any sound other than the sound being monitored (primary sound). Background noise is a form of noise pollution or interference . Background noise is an important concept in setting noise levels.

search term: evacuation plan Wikipedia Page

An emergency evacuation is an immediate egress or escape of people away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or a hazard to lives or property.

search term: water slides Wikipedia Page

A water slide (also referred to as a flume , water chute , or hydroslide ) is a type of slide designed for warm-weather or indoor recreational use at swimming pools or water parks . Water slides differ in their riding method and therefore size. Some slides require riders to sit directly on the slide, or on a raft or tube designed to be used with the slide.

search term: aquatic animal Wikipedia Page

An aquatic animal is any animal , whether vertebrate or invertebrate , that lives in a body of water for all or most of its lifetime . Aquatic animals generally conduct aquatic respiration by extracting dissolved oxygen in water via specialised respiratory organs called gills , through the skin or across enteral mucosae , although some are secondarily aquatic animals (e.g. marine reptiles and marine mammals ) evolved from terrestrial ancestors that re- adapted to aquatic environments, in which case they actually use lungs to breathe air and are essentially holding their breath when living in water. Some species of gastropod mollusc , such as the eastern emerald sea slug , are even capable of kleptoplastic photosynthesis via endosymbiosis with ingested yellow-green algae .

search term: panic Wikipedia Page

Panic is a sudden sensation of fear , which is so strong as to dominate or prevent reason and logical thinking, replacing it with overwhelming feelings of anxiety , uncertainty and frantic agitation consistent with a fight-or-flight reaction. Panic may occur singularly in individuals or manifest suddenly in large groups as mass panic (closely related to herd behavior ).

search term: fear Wikipedia Page

Fear is an unpleasant subjective emotional state arising in response to perceived dangers or threats and which, when experienced, is typically associated with physiological and psychological changes. These changes frequently lead to behavioral reactions such as fight-or-flight responses or, in extreme cases, immobilization ( freeze response ). Unlike most (perhaps all) other animals, humans can experience fear in response to a present or anticipated stimulus and to imagined events.

search term: environmental crisis Wikipedia Page

An ecological or environmental crisis occurs when changes to the environment of a species or population destabilizes its continued survival. Some of the important causes include:

search term: Netflix film Wikipedia Page

The following are lists of Netflix original films by year:

search term: consolidation Wikipedia Page

Consolidation may refer to:

search term: governmental Wikipedia Page

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state .

search term: The Lancet Wikipedia Page

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal , founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

search term: Medical Journal Wikipedia Page

A medical journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that communicates medical information to physicians and other health professionals . Journals that cover many medical specialties are sometimes called general medical journals .

search term: social media platforms Wikipedia Page

search term: Climate change denial Wikipedia Page

search term: industry Wikipedia Page

Industry may refer to:

search term: denialism Wikipedia Page

In the sciences and in historiography, denialism is the rejection of basic facts and concepts that are undisputed, well-supported parts of the scientific consensus or historical record on a subject, in favor of ideas that are radical, controversial, or fabricated. Examples include Holocaust denial , AIDS denialism , and climate change denial . The forms of denialism present the common feature of the person rejecting overwhelming evidence and trying to generate political controversy in attempts to deny the existence of consensus.

search term: populist politics Wikipedia Page

search term: green imagination Wikipedia Page

Green Imagination is a 2004 studio album by the Sunshine Fix . In style, often compared with mid-period Beatles and their contemporaries.

search term: inner self Wikipedia Page

Self-realization is a term used in Western philosophy , psychology , and spirituality ; and in Indian religions . In the Western understanding, it is the "fulfillment by oneself of the possibilities of one's character or personality" (see also self-actualization ). In Hinduism, self-realization is liberating knowledge of the true self, either as the permanent undying Purusha or witness-consciousness , which is atman (essence). In Buddhism, it is knowledge of the absence ( sunyata ) of such a permanent self.

search term: Anna Freud Wikipedia Page

Influential figures applying psychoanalysis

search term: defence mechanisms Wikipedia Page

Influential figures applying psychoanalysis

search term: defence mechanism Wikipedia Page

Influential figures applying psychoanalysis

search term: Anna Wikipedia Page

search term: Sigmund Freud Wikipedia Page

Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud ; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis , a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche , through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.

search term: sublimation Wikipedia Page

Sublimation or sublimate may refer to:

search term: droughts Wikipedia Page

search term: news website Wikipedia Page

An online newspaper (or news website or electronic news or electronic news publication ) is the online version of a newspaper , either as a stand-alone publication or as the online version of a printed periodical .

search term: news coverage Wikipedia Page

News is information about current events. This may be provided through many different media : word of mouth , printing , postal systems , broadcasting , electronic communication , or through the testimony of observers and witnesses to events. News is sometimes called " hard news " to differentiate it from soft media .

search term: dissonance Wikipedia Page

Dissonance has several meanings related to conflict or incongruity:

search term: protest Wikipedia Page

search term: Schuman Roundabout Wikipedia Page

The Robert Schuman Roundabout ( French : Rond-point Robert Schuman ; Dutch : Robert Schumanplein ), usually shortened to the Schuman Roundabout , and sometimes called Robert Schuman Square , is a roundabout in the European Quarter of Brussels , Belgium. It lies at the end of the Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat and serves as a focus for major institutions of the European Union (EU). It is named after Robert Schuman , one of the founding fathers of the European Union , the Council of Europe and NATO , and gives its name to the surrounding district (also known as the European Quarter ) and Brussels-Schuman railway station .

search term: memory stick Wikipedia Page

Memory Stick is a proprietary removable flash memory card format created by Sony.

search term: empowerment Wikipedia Page

Empowerment is the degree of autonomy and self-determination in people and in communities. This enables them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined way, acting on their own authority. It is the process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one's life and claiming one's rights . Empowerment as action refers both to the process of self-empowerment and to professional support of people, which enables them to overcome their sense of powerlessness and lack of influence, and to recognize and use their resources .

search term: GDP growth Wikipedia Page

search term: individual choice Wikipedia Page

Individual Choice is an album by French jazz fusion violinist Jean-Luc Ponty , released in 1983.

search term: actions Wikipedia Page

search term: ecoanxiety Wikipedia Page

search term: posters Wikipedia Page

A poster is a large sheet that is placed either on a public space to promote something or on a wall as decoration. Typically, posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be both eye-catching and informative. Posters may be used for many purposes. They are a frequent tool of advertisers (particularly of events, musicians, and films), propagandists , protestors , and other groups trying to communicate a message. Posters are also used for reproductions of artwork, particularly famous works, and are generally low-cost compared to the original artwork. The modern poster, as we know it, however, dates back to the 1840s and 1850s when the printing industry perfected colour lithography and made mass production possible.

search term: secondary education Wikipedia Page

Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale: Level 2 ( lower secondary education , less commonly junior secondary education ) is the second and final phase of basic education , and Level 3 ( upper secondary education or senior secondary education ) is the phase immediately preceding tertiary education . Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them. Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education , vocational education or employment. In most countries secondary education is compulsory , at least until the age of 16. Children typically enter the lower secondary phase around age 12. Compulsory education sometimes extends to age 20 and further.

search term: disengagement Wikipedia Page

The term disengagement can refer to:

search term: puzzles Wikipedia Page

search term: Maths class Wikipedia Page

Maths Class were a British band from that formed in 2006 in Brighton , England, and achieved publicity through their Myspace. They have a wide range of influences and have played extensively around the UK and in Europe. They have also toured Japan in September 2008.

search term: political animals Wikipedia Page

Political Animal or Political Animals may refer to:

search term: social creatures Wikipedia Page

Social Creatures is a 2013 American zombie apocalypse themed play by Jackie Sibblies Drury .

search term: teenager Wikipedia Page

Adolescence (from Latin adolescere ' to mature ' ) is a transitional stage of human physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood (typically corresponding to the age of majority ). Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier or end later. Puberty typically begins during preadolescence , particularly in females. Physical growth (particularly in males) and cognitive development can extend past the teens. Age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have not agreed upon a precise definition. Some definitions start as early as 10 and end as late as 30. The World Health Organization definition officially designates adolescence as the phase of life from ages 10 to 19.

search term: National Portrait Gallery Wikipedia Page

National Portrait Gallery may refer to:

search term: acceptance Wikipedia Page

Acceptance in psychology is a person's recognition and assent to the finality of a situation without attempting to change or protest it. This plays out at both the individual and societal level as people experience change.

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search term: elegy Wikipedia Page

An elegy is a poem of serious reflection, and in English literature usually a lament for the dead. However, according to The Oxford Handbook of the Elegy , "for all of its pervasiveness ... the 'elegy' remains remarkably ill defined: sometimes used as a catch-all to denominate texts of a somber or pessimistic tone, sometimes as a marker for textual monumentalizing, and sometimes strictly as a sign of a lament for the dead".

search term: Roman times Wikipedia Page

In modern historiography , ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509‍–‍27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – 476 AD) until the fall of the western empire.

search term: conceptual framework Wikipedia Page

A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.

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search term: giant lizard Wikipedia Page

Giant lizards include:

search term: dinosaur Wikipedia Page

search term: National History Museum Wikipedia Page

A national history museum or national historical museum is a history museum dedicated to presenting artifacts and exhibits reflecting the history of a particular nation , usually its home country. The earliest public museums, the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford and the Louvre Museum in Paris , were focused on natural history and art , respectively, and not necessarily on subjects related to the history of any nation. Following Napoleon 's use of the Louvre as a center of national pride during his reign, other countries began to use museums not just to store artifacts of aesthetic or educational value, but to portray the country itself in a positive light.

search term: voc Wikipedia Page

VOC , VoC or voc may refer to:

search term: time travel Wikipedia Page

Time travel is the hypothetical activity of traveling into the past or future . Time travel is a concept in philosophy and fiction , particularly science fiction . In fiction , time travel is typically achieved through the use of a device known as a time machine . The idea of a time machine was popularized by H. G. Wells 's 1895 novel The Time Machine .

search term: brachiopod Wikipedia Page

Brachiopods ( / ˈ b r æ k i oʊ ˌ p ɒ d / ), phylum Brachiopoda , are a phylum of animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs . Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection.

search term: upper class Wikipedia Page

Upper class in modern societies is the social class composed of people who hold the highest social status. Usually, these are the wealthiest members of class society , and wield the greatest political power . According to this view, the upper class is generally distinguished by immense wealth which is passed on from generation to generation. Prior to the 20th century, the emphasis was on aristocracy , which emphasized generations of inherited noble status , not just recent wealth.

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search term: lectures Wikipedia Page

A lecture (from Latin : lectura ' reading ' ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher . Lectures are used to convey critical information, history, background, theories, and equations. A politician's speech, a minister's sermon , or even a business person's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture. Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture's content.

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search term: biomes Wikipedia Page

A biome ( / ˈ b aɪ . oʊ m / , BYE -ome ) is a distinct geographical region with specific climate , vegetation , animal life , and an ecosystem . It consists of a biological community that has formed in response to its physical environment and regional climate . In 1935, Tansley added the climatic and soil aspects to the idea, calling it ecosystem . The International Biological Program (1964–74) projects popularized the concept of biome.

One way of mapping terrestrial biomes around the world (doesn't include the Antarctic Tundra )

search term: human error Wikipedia Page

Human error is an action that has been done but that was "not intended by the actor; not desired by a set of rules or an external observer; or that led the task or system outside its acceptable limits". Human error has been cited as a primary cause and contributing factor in disasters and accidents in industries as diverse as nuclear power (e.g., the Three Mile Island accident ), aviation , space exploration (e.g., the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster ), and medicine . Prevention of human error is generally seen as a major contributor to reliability and safety of (complex) systems. Human error is one of the many contributing causes of risk events.

search term: fault lines Wikipedia Page

In geology , a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. Large faults within Earth 's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as the megathrust faults of subduction zones or transform faults . Energy release associated with rapid movement on active faults is the cause of most earthquakes . Faults may also displace slowly, by aseismic creep .

search term: risk Wikipedia Page

Risk is the possibility of something bad happening, comprising a level of uncertainty about the effects and implications of an activity, particularly negative and undesirable consequences.

search term: randomness Wikipedia Page

In common usage, randomness is the apparent or actual lack of definite patterns or predictability in information. A random sequence of events, symbols or steps often has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. Individual random events are, by definition, unpredictable, but if there is a known probability distribution , the frequency of different outcomes over repeated events (or "trials") is predictable. For example, when throwing two dice , the outcome of any particular roll is unpredictable, but a sum of 7 will tend to occur twice as often as 4. In this view, randomness is not haphazardness; it is a measure of uncertainty of an outcome. Randomness applies to concepts of chance, probability , and information entropy .

search term: social value Wikipedia Page

Social value may refer to:

search term: podcast Wikipedia Page

A podcast is a program made available in digital format for download over the Internet . Typically, a podcast is an episodic series of digital audio files that users can download to a personal device or stream to listen to at a time of their choosing. Podcasts are primarily an audio medium, but some distribute in video, either as primary content included in the feed, or as an external supplement to audio; popularised in recent years by video platform YouTube . In 2025, Bloomberg reported that a billion people are watching podcasts on YouTube every month.

search term: Romantic poet Wikipedia Page

Romantic poetry is the poetry of the Romantic era , an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. It involved a reaction against prevailing Neoclassical ideas of the 18th century, and lasted approximately from 1800 to 1850. Romantic poets rebelled against the style of poetry from the eighteenth century which was based around epics, odes, satires, elegies, epistles and songs.

search term: William Blake Wikipedia Page

William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his life, Blake has become a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual art of the Romantic Age . What he called his " prophetic works " were said by 20th-century critic Northrop Frye to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language". While he lived in London his entire life, except for three years spent in Felpham , he produced a diverse and symbolically rich collection of works, which embraced the imagination as "the body of God", or "human existence itself".

search term: insight Wikipedia Page

Insight is the understanding of a specific cause and effect within a particular context. The term insight can have several related meanings:

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search term: clocks Wikipedia Page

search term: timetables Wikipedia Page

A schedule ( UK : / ˈ ʃ ɛ d j uː l / , US : / ˈ s k ɛ dʒ uː l / ) or a timetable , as a basic time-management tool, consists of a list of times at which possible tasks , events, or actions are intended to take place, or of a sequence of events in the chronological order in which such things are intended to take place. The process of creating a schedule — deciding how to order these tasks and how to commit resources between the variety of possible tasks — is called scheduling , and a person responsible for making a particular schedule may be called a scheduler . Making and following schedules is an ancient human activity.

search term: quotas Wikipedia Page

Quota may refer to:

search term: deadlines Wikipedia Page

Deadline ( s ) or The Deadline ( s ) may refer to:

search term: officialdom Wikipedia Page

An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate , regardless of whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either their own or that of their superior or employer, public or legally private). An elected official is a person who is an official by virtue of an election . Officials may also be appointed ex officio (by virtue of another office, often in a specified capacity, such as presiding, advisory, secretary). Some official positions may be inherited . A person who currently holds an office is referred to as an incumbent . Something "official" refers to something endowed with governmental or other authoritative recognition or mandate, as in official language , official gazette , or official scorer .

search term: marriage Wikipedia Page

Marriage , also called matrimony or wedlock , is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses . It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children (if any), and between them and their in-laws . It is nearly a cultural universal , but the definition of marriage varies between cultures and religions , and over time. Typically, it is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned. In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing sexual activity . A marriage ceremony is called a wedding , while a private marriage is sometimes called an elopement .

search term: sexual desire Wikipedia Page

Sexual desire is an emotion and motivational state characterized by an interest in sexual objects or activities, or by a drive to seek out sexual objects or to engage in sexual activities . It is an aspect of sexuality , which varies significantly from one person to another and also fluctuates depending on circumstances.

search term: tuberculosis Wikipedia Page

Tuberculosis ( TB ), also known colloquially as the " white death ", or historically as consumption , is a contagious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria . Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs , but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as inactive or latent tuberculosis . A small proportion of latent infections progress to active disease that, if left untreated, can be fatal. Typical symptoms of active TB are chronic cough with blood-containing mucus , fever , night sweats , and weight loss . Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.

search term: Greg Wikipedia Page

Greg is a masculine given name, and often a shortened form of the given name Gregory . Greg (sometimes spelled " Gregg ") is also a surname.

search term: novella Wikipedia Page

A novella is a narrative prose fiction whose length is shorter than most novels , but longer than most novelettes and short stories . The English word novella derives from the Italian novella meaning a short story related to true (or apparently so) facts.

search term: normality Wikipedia Page

Normality may refer to:

search term: horror movies Wikipedia Page

Horror is a film genre that seeks to elicit physical or psychological fear in its viewers. Horror films often explore dark subject matter and may deal with transgressive topics or themes . Broad elements of the genre include monsters , apocalyptic events , and religious or folk beliefs.

search term: existential angst Wikipedia Page

Existentialism is a family of philosophical views and inquiry that explore the human individual's struggle to lead an authentic life despite the apparent absurdity or incomprehensibility of existence . In examining meaning , purpose, and value , existentialist thought often includes concepts such as existential crises , angst , courage , and freedom .

search term: energy sources Wikipedia Page

Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources . These activities include the production of renewable , nuclear , and fossil fuel derived sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted. Energy conservation and efficiency measures reduce the demand for energy development, and can have benefits to society with improvements to environmental issues .

search term: Josef K Wikipedia Page

Josef K may refer to:

search term: high court Wikipedia Page

High court is a name for a variety of courts, often with jurisdiction over the most serious issues.

search term: official text Wikipedia Page

Official texts , as defined in Article 2(4) of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works , are texts of a legislative, administrative and legal nature (e.g. statute laws, administrative regulations and court decisions) and the official translations of such texts.

search term: Freudian slip Wikipedia Page

Influential figures applying psychoanalysis

search term: priest Wikipedia Page

A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities . They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the " priesthood ", a term which also may apply to such persons collectively. A priest may have the duty to hear confessions periodically, give marriage counseling, provide prenuptial counseling, give spiritual direction, teach catechism , or visit those confined indoors, such as the sick in hospitals and nursing homes.

search term: connection Wikipedia Page

Connection may refer to:

search term: Castle hill Wikipedia Page

Castle Hill may refer to:

search term: sitcom Wikipedia Page

A sitcom (short for situation comedy or situational comedy ) is a genre of comedy produced for radio and television , that centers on a recurring cast of characters as they navigate humorous situations within a consistent setting, such as a home, workplace, or community. Unlike sketch comedy , which features different characters and settings in each skit, sitcoms typically maintain plot continuity across episodes. This continuity allows for the development of storylines and characters over time, fostering audience engagement and investment in the characters' lives and relationships.

search term: states of mind Wikipedia Page

A mental state , or a mental property , is a state of mind of a person. Mental states comprise a diverse class, including perception , pain / pleasure experience, belief , desire , intention , emotion , and memory . There is controversy concerning the exact definition of the term. According to epistemic approaches , the essential mark of mental states is that their subject has privileged epistemic access while others can only infer their existence from outward signs. Consciousness-based approaches hold that all mental states are either conscious themselves or stand in the right relation to conscious states. Intentionality-based approaches , on the other hand, see the power of minds to refer to objects and represent the world as the mark of the mental. According to functionalist approaches , mental states are defined in terms of their role in the causal network independent of their intrinsic properties. Some philosophers deny all the aforementioned approaches by holding that the term "mental" refers to a cluster of loosely related ideas without an underlying unifying feature shared by all. Various overlapping classifications of mental states have been proposed. Important distinctions group mental phenomena together according to whether they are sensory , propositional , intentional , conscious or occurrent . Sensory states involve sense impressions like visual perceptions or bodily pains. Propositional attitudes, like beliefs and desires, are relations a subject has to a proposition. The characteristic of intentional states is that they refer to or are about objects or states of affairs. Conscious states are part of the phenomenal experience while occurrent states are causally efficacious within the owner's mind, with or without consciousness. An influential classification of mental states is due to Franz Brentano, who argues that there are only three basic kinds: presentations, judgments, and phenomena of love and hate.

search term: sarcasm Wikipedia Page

Sarcasm is the caustic use of words, often in a humorous way, to mock someone or something. Sarcasm may employ ambivalence , and is also commonly associated with, though it does not necessarily contain, irony . Most noticeable in speech, sarcasm is mainly distinguished by the inflection with which it is spoken or, with an undercurrent of irony, by the extreme disproportion of the comment to the situation, and is largely context -dependent.

search term: tactic Wikipedia Page

Tactic(s) or Tactical may refer to:

search term: fatalism Wikipedia Page

Fatalism is a belief and philosophical doctrine which considers the entire universe as a deterministic system and stresses the subjugation of all events, actions, and behaviors to fate or destiny , which is commonly associated with the consequent attitude of resignation in the face of future events which are thought to be inevitable and outside of human control.

search term: gear Wikipedia Page

A gear or gearwheel , also called a toothed wheel , is a rotating machine part typically used to transmit rotational motion or torque by means of a series of "teeth" that engage with compatible teeth of another gear or other part. The teeth can be integral saliences or cavities machined on the part, or separate pegs inserted into it. In the latter case, the gear is usually called a cogwheel . A cog may be one of those pegs or the whole gear. Two or more meshing gears are called a gear train .

search term: Friedrich Nietzsche Wikipedia Page

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search term: anger Wikipedia Page

Anger is an intense emotional state involving a strong, uncomfortable and non-cooperative response to a perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.

search term: resentment Wikipedia Page

Resentment (also called ranklement or bitterness ) is a complex, multilayered emotion that has been described as a mixture of disappointment , disgust and anger . Other psychologists consider it a mood or as a secondary emotion (including cognitive elements) that can be elicited in the face of insult or injury.

search term: Roman Empire Wikipedia Page

During the classical period , the Roman Empire controlled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. The Romans conquered most of these territories in the time of the Republic , and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian 's assumption of power in 27 BC. Over the 4th century AD, the empire split into western and eastern halves. The western empire collapsed in 476 AD, while the eastern empire endured until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

search term: #MeToo movement Wikipedia Page

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search term: boredom Wikipedia Page

In conventional usage, boredom , ennui , or tedium is an emotion characterized by uninterest in one's surrounding, often caused by a lack of distractions or occupations. Although, "There is no universally accepted definition of boredom. But whatever it is, researchers argue, it is not simply another name for depression or apathy . It seems to be a specific mental state that people find unpleasant—a lack of stimulation that leaves them craving relief, with a host of behavioral, medical and social consequences." According to BBC News, boredom "...can be a dangerous and disruptive state of mind that damages your health"; yet research "...suggest[s] that without boredom we couldn't achieve our creative feats."

search term: fatigue Wikipedia Page

Fatigue is a state of being without energy for a prolonged period of time. Fatigue is used in two contexts: in the medical sense, and in the sense of normal tiredness.

search term: legal reform Wikipedia Page

Law reform or legal reform is the process of examining existing laws , and advocating and implementing change in a legal system , usually with the aim of enhancing justice or efficiency.

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search term: mental health Wikipedia Page

Mental health encompasses emotional , psychological , and social well-being , influencing cognition , perception , and behavior . Mental health plays a crucial role in an individual's daily life when managing stress , engaging with others, and contributing to life overall. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , it is a "state of well-being in which the individual realizes that their abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and can contribute to their community". It likewise determines how an individual handles stress , interpersonal relationships , and decision-making . Mental health includes subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy , autonomy , competence , intergenerational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.

search term: ecological literacy Wikipedia Page

Ecological literacy (also referred to as ecoliteracy ) is the ability to understand the natural systems that make life on Earth possible. To be ecoliterate means understanding the principles of organization of ecological communities (i.e. ecosystems ) and using those principles for creating sustainable human communities. The term was coined by Frank Herbert in his novel Dune - Liet-Kynes's father tells him 'You must cultivate ecological literacy among the people'. It was later developed by American educator David W. Orr and physicist Fritjof Capra in the 1990s – thereby a new value entered education; the "well-being of the earth". Well-being , Well-being, or wellbeing, also known as wellness, prudential value or quality of life, refers to what is intrinsically valuable relative to someone.

search term: JFK Wikipedia Page

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), also known as JFK , was the 35th president of the United States , serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president at 43 years. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba . A member of the Democratic Party , Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress before his presidency.

search term: Zoom Wikipedia Page

search term: authoritarian regime Wikipedia Page

Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality , the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo , and reductions in democracy , separation of powers , civil liberties , and the rule of law . Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party , the military , or the concentration of power in a single person. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have sometimes been characterized as "hybrid democracies", " hybrid regimes " or "competitive authoritarian" states.

search term: Moon landings Wikipedia Page

Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date

search term: sacred buildings Wikipedia Page

Sacral architecture (also known as sacred architecture or religious architecture ) is a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship or sacred or intentional space, such as churches , mosques , stupas , synagogues , and temples . Many cultures devoted considerable resources to their sacred architecture and places of worship. Religious and sacred spaces are amongst the most impressive and permanent monolithic buildings created by humanity. Conversely, sacred architecture as a locale for meta-intimacy may also be non-monolithic, ephemeral and intensely private, personal and non-public.

search term: political map Wikipedia Page

A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space . A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively . Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements , they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

search term: tyranny Wikipedia Page

A tyrant (from Ancient Greek τύραννος ( túrannos ) ' absolute ruler ' ), in the modern English usage of the word, is an absolute ruler who is unrestrained by law , or one who has usurped a legitimate ruler's sovereignty. Often portrayed as cruel, tyrants may defend their positions by resorting to repressive means. The original Greek term meant an absolute sovereign who came to power without constitutional right , yet the word had a neutral connotation during the Archaic and early Classical periods. However, Greek philosopher Plato saw tyrannos as a negative form of government, and on account of the decisive influence of philosophy on politics, deemed tyranny the "fourth and worst disorder of a state."

King Jie of Xia holding a Ji polearm and sitting on two ladies.

search term: terrorism Wikipedia Page

Terrorism , in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants . There are various different definitions of terrorism , with no universal agreement about it. Different definitions of terrorism emphasize its randomness , its aim to instill fear , and its broader impact beyond its immediate victims.

search term: bullet holes Wikipedia Page

" Bullet Holes " is the lead single from The Kingdom , the eighth studio album by English rock band Bush. It was featured in the 2019 action film John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum .

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search term: Passchendaele Wikipedia Page

Passchendaele or Paschendale may refer to:

search term: shipping port Wikipedia Page

A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg , Manchester and Duluth ; these access the sea via rivers or canals . Because of their roles as ports of entry for immigrants as well as soldiers in wartime, many port cities have experienced dramatic multi-ethnic and multicultural changes throughout their histories.

The Port of New York and New Jersey , U.S., grew from the original harbor at the convergence of the Hudson River and the East River at the Upper New York Bay .

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search term: Greece Wikipedia Page

– in Europe (light green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (light green)

search term: Olympiakos FC Wikipedia Page

Olympiacos Football Club ( Greek : ΠΑΕ Ολυμπιακός Σ.Φ.Π. [olibiaˈkos] ), known simply as Olympiacos or Olympiacos Piraeus , is a Greek professional football club based in Piraeus . Part of the major multi-sport club Olympiacos CFP ( Olympiakós Sýndesmos Filáthlon Peiraiós , "Olympiacos Association of Fans of Piraeus"), their name was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games and along with the club's emblem, the laurel-crowned Olympic athlete, symbolise the Olympic ideals of ancient Greece . Their home ground is the Karaiskakis Stadium , a 33,334-capacity stadium in Piraeus.

search term: symbolic location Wikipedia Page

A symbolic location is an expression coined by Sir Kenneth Newman , when he was Commissioner of the London Metropolitan Police Service (the Met) from 1982 to 1987. The term was used by the police in London in the 1980s to refer to a no-go area , one regarded by local youths as their territory, where police were viewed as intruders. John Smith, former deputy commissioner of the Met, said in 1991 that the term was no longer in use.

search term: Angkor Wat Wikipedia Page

Angkor Wat ( / ˌ æ ŋ k ɔːr ˈ w ɒ t / ; Khmer : អង្គរវត្ត , "City/Capital of Temples ") is a Hindu-Buddhist temple complex in Cambodia . Located on a site measuring 162.6 hectares (1.6 km ; 401.8 acres) within the ancient Khmer capital city of Angkor , it was originally constructed in 1150 CE as a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Vishnu . It was later gradually transformed into a Buddhist temple towards the end of the century. Hailed as the largest religious structure in the world, it is one of the best examples of Khmer architecture and a symbol of Cambodia, depicted as a part of the Cambodian national flag .

search term: water supply Wikipedia Page

Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities , commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes . Public water supply systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. These systems are what supply drinking water to populations around the globe. Aspects of service quality include continuity of supply, water quality and water pressure. The institutional responsibility for water supply is arranged differently in different countries and regions (urban versus rural). It usually includes issues surrounding policy and regulation, service provision and standardization .

search term: remote Wikipedia Page

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search term: Aegean Sea Wikipedia Page

The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia . It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia , and covers an area of some 215,000 km (83,000 sq mi). In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea , which in turn connects to the Black Sea , by the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus , respectively. The Aegean Islands are located within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes . The sea reaches a maximum depth of 2,639 m (8,658 ft) to the west of Karpathos . The Thracian Sea and the Sea of Crete are main subdivisions of the Aegean Sea.

search term: trading routes Wikipedia Page

A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo. The term can also be used to refer to trade over land or water. Allowing goods to reach distant markets , a single trade route contains long-distance arteries , which may further be connected to smaller networks of commercial and noncommercial transportation routes. Among notable trade routes was the Amber Road , which served as a dependable network for long-distance trade. Maritime trade along the Spice Route became prominent during the Middle Ages , when nations resorted to military means for control of this influential route. During the Middle Ages, organizations such as the Hanseatic League , aimed at protecting interests of the merchants and trade became increasingly prominent.

search term: Sicily Wikipedia Page

Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian : Sicilia ), officially the Sicilian Region (Italian: Regione Siciliana ; Sicilian: Riggiuni Siciliana ), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea and one of the twenty regions of Italy , situated south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe . With 4.7 million inhabitants, including 1.2 million in and around the capital city of Palermo , it is both the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea .

search term: Arabia Wikipedia Page

The Arabian Peninsula ( Arabic : شبه الجزيرة العربية , romanized : shibh al-jazīra al-ʿarabiyya , or جزيرة العرب , jazīrat al-ʿarab , 'the Island of Arabs '), or simply Arabia , is a peninsula in West Asia , situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate . At 3,237,500 km (1.25 million sq mi), comparable in size to India , the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world.

search term: Agora Wikipedia Page

The agora ( / ˈ æ ɡ ə r ə / ; Ancient Greek : ἀγορά , romanized: agorá , meaning "market" in Modern Greek ) was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states . The literal meaning of the word "agora" is "gathering place" or "assembly". The agora was the center of the athletic, artistic, business, social, spiritual, and political life in the city. The Ancient Agora of Athens is the best-known example.

search term: ancient town Wikipedia Page

A town is a type of a human settlement , generally larger than a village but smaller than a city .

search term: architecture Wikipedia Page

Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning , designing , and constructing buildings or other structures . The term comes from Latin architectura ; from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων ( arkhitéktōn ) ' architect ' ; from ἀρχι- ( arkhi- ) ' chief ' and τέκτων ( téktōn ) ' creator ' . Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art . Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

search term: sculpture Wikipedia Page

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions . Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts . Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone , metal , ceramics , wood and other materials but, since Modernism , there has been almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded or cast .

search term: trigonometry Wikipedia Page

Trigonometry (from Ancient Greek τρίγωνον ( trígōnon ) ' triangle ' and μέτρον ( métron ) ' measure ' ) is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and side lengths of triangles. In particular, the trigonometric functions relate the angles of a right triangle with ratios of its side lengths. The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies . The Greeks focused on the calculation of chords , while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric ratios (also called trigonometric functions ) such as sine .

search term: land use Wikipedia Page

Land use is an umbrella term to describe what happens on a parcel of land . It concerns the benefits derived from using the land, and also the land management actions that humans carry out there. The following categories are used for land use: forest land , cropland ( agricultural land ), grassland , wetlands , settlements and other lands. The way humans use land, and how land use is changing, has many impacts on the environment . Effects of land use choices and changes by humans include, for example, urban sprawl , soil erosion , soil degradation , land degradation and desertification . Land use and land management practices have a major impact on natural resources including water , soil , nutrients , plants and animals .

search term: housing Wikipedia Page

Housing is a shelter used as a dwelling or living space by individuals, families, or a collective. It provides a space for preparing food, storing belongings, caring for children and the elderly, and maintaining privacy. Housing also refers to the act of providing shelter or protective cover.

search term: economic development Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: Town Planning Wikipedia Page

Urban planning (also called city planning or town planning in some contexts) is the process of developing and designing land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas , such as transportation , communications , and distribution networks , and their accessibility . Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements . The primary concern was the public welfare , which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation , protection and use of the environment, as well as taking account of effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities. Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental " bottom lines " that focuses on using planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people and maintain sustainability standards. In the early 21st century, urban planning experts such as Jane Jacobs called on urban planners to take resident experiences and needs more into consideration.

Partizánske in Slovakia – an example of a typical planned European industrial town founded in 1938 together with a shoemaking factory in which practically all adult inhabitants of the city were employed

search term: wellbeing Wikipedia Page

Well-being is what is ultimately good for a person. Also called "welfare" and " quality of life ", it is a measure of how well life is going for someone. It is a central goal of many individual and societal endeavors.

search term: future Wikipedia Page

The future is the time after the past and present . Its arrival is considered inevitable due to the existence of time and the laws of physics . Due to the apparent nature of reality and the unavoidability of the future, everything that currently exists and will exist can be categorized as either permanent, meaning that it will exist forever, or temporary, meaning that it will end. In the Occidental view, which uses a linear conception of time, the future is the portion of the projected timeline that is anticipated to occur. In special relativity , the future is considered absolute future , or the future light cone .

search term: Western Philosophy Wikipedia Page

Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions, and works of the Western world . Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture , beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics . The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία ( philosophía ), literally, 'the love of wisdom', from Ancient Greek : φιλεῖν ( phileîn ), 'to love', and σοφία ( sophía ) , 'wisdom'.

search term: dogmatist Wikipedia Page

Dogma , in its broadest sense, is any belief held definitively and without the possibility of reform. It may be in the form of an official system of principles or doctrines of a religion , such as Judaism , Roman Catholicism , Protestantism , or Islam , the positions of a philosopher or philosophical school , such as Stoicism , and political belief systems such as fascism , socialism , progressivism , liberalism , and conservatism .

search term: soc Wikipedia Page

SOC , SoC , Soc , may refer to:

search term: docking Wikipedia Page

Docking may refer to:

search term: economic depression Wikipedia Page

An economic depression is a period of carried long-term economic downturn that is the result of lowered economic activity in one or more major national economies. It is often understood in economics that an economic crisis and the following recession that may be termed an economic depression are part of economic cycles where the slowdown of the economy follows economic growth and vice versa. It is a result of more severe economic problems or a downturn than a recession itself, which is a slowdown in economic activity over the course of the normal business cycle of growing economy.

search term: mbolic order Wikipedia Page

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search term: permanence Wikipedia Page

Permanence is the state of being permanent:

search term: romantic Wikipedia Page

Romantic may refer to:

search term: tropical island Wikipedia Page

An island or isle is a piece of land, distinct from a continent, completely surrounded by water. There are continental islands, which were formed by being split from a continent by plate tectonics , and oceanic islands, which have never been part of a continent. Oceanic islands can be formed from volcanic activity, grow into atolls from coral reefs , and form from sediment along shorelines, creating barrier islands . River islands can also form from sediment and debris in rivers. Artificial islands are those made by humans, including small rocky outcroppings built out of lagoons and large-scale land reclamation projects used for development.

A satellite view of the Hawaiian islands, with the top of the image being North. There are few clouds, and most of the image is the seawater swirling in the wind, surrounding the islands. — The Hawaiian Islands , a major archipelago in the Pacific Ocean

search term: medical supplies Wikipedia Page

A medical device is any device intended to be used for medical purposes. Significant potential for hazards are inherent when using a device for medical purposes and thus medical devices must be proved safe and effective with reasonable assurance before regulating governments allow marketing of the device in their country. As a general rule, as the associated risk of the device increases the amount of testing required to establish safety and efficacy also increases. Further, as associated risk increases the potential benefit to the patient must also increase.

Tongue depressor, a Class I medical device in the United States

search term: pet food Wikipedia Page

Pet food is animal feed intended for consumption by pets. Typically sold in pet stores and supermarkets, it is usually specific to the type of animal, such as dog food or cat food . Most meat used for animals is a byproduct of the human food industry, and is not regarded as "human grade". Examples of foods for pets would be canned foods and dry mix. Pet food production has environmental, land-use and climate change impacts.

search term: democratic country Wikipedia Page

search term: oligarchy Wikipedia Page

Oligarchy (from Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία ( oligarkhía ) ' rule by few ' ; from ὀλίγος ( olígos ) ' few ' and ἄρχω ( árkhō ) ' to rule, command ' ) is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people. Leaders of such regimes are often referred to as oligarchs , and generally are characterized by having titles of nobility or high amounts of wealth .

search term: navy Wikipedia Page

A navy , naval force , military maritime fleet , war navy , or maritime force is the branch of a state's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare ; namely, lake -borne, riverine , littoral , or ocean -borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface ships , amphibious ships, submarines , and seaborne aviation , as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields.

search term: Athenian democracy Wikipedia Page

Athenian democracy developed around the 6th century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis ) of Athens , comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica , and focusing on supporting liberty, equality, and security. Although Athens is the most familiar of the democratic city-states in ancient Greece, it was not the only one, nor was it the first; multiple other city-states adopted similar democratic constitutions before Athens. By the late 4th century BC, as many as half of the over one thousand existing Greek cities might have been democracies. Athens practiced a political system of legislation and executive bills. Participation was open to adult, free male citizens (i.e., not a metic , woman or slave). Adult male citizens probably constituted no more than 30 percent of the total adult population.

search term: bravado Wikipedia Page

Bravado may refer to:

search term: tactical voting Wikipedia Page

Strategic or tactical voting is voting in consideration of possible ballots cast by other voters in order to maximize one's satisfaction with the election's results.

search term: citizens Wikipedia Page

Citizenship is a membership and allegiance to a sovereign state .

search term: popular vote Wikipedia Page

Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and plurality block voting and proportional representation for the election of a legislature or executive.

search term: navigation Wikipedia Page

Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, marine navigation , aeronautic navigation , and space navigation. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks. All navigational techniques involve locating the navigator's position compared to known locations or patterns. Navigation, in a broader sense, can refer to any skill or study that involves the determination of position and direction . In this sense, navigation includes orienteering and pedestrian navigation.

search term: moral compass Wikipedia Page

A moral compass is a metaphor for a moral value system that provides guidance on "good" or "right" choices in human interaction and especially in decision-making situations. This value system can be very personal or represented by a larger group. Examples might be a certain philosophy , a religion , or the embodiment of this value system by a certain person or defined organization.

search term: deception Wikipedia Page

Deception is the act of convincing of one or many recipients of untrue information . The person creating the deception knows it to be false while the receiver of the information does not. It is often done for personal gain or advantage.

search term: fraud Wikipedia Page

In law , fraud is intentional deception to deprive a victim of a legal right or to gain from a victim unlawfully or unfairly. Fraud can violate civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to thwart the fraud or recover monetary compensation) or criminal law (e.g., a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities), or it may be an element of another civil or criminal wrong despite itself causing no loss of money, property, or legal right. The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits, such as obtaining a passport, travel document, or driver's licence. In cases of mortgage fraud , the perpetrator attempts to qualify for a mortgage by way of false statements.

search term: public debate Wikipedia Page

Public debate may mean simply debating by the public , or in public. The term is also used for a particular formal style of debate in a competitive or educational context. Two teams of two compete through six rounds of argument, giving persuasive speeches on a particular topic.

search term: alternative facts Wikipedia Page

" Alternative facts " was a phrase used by U.S. Counselor to the President Kellyanne Conway during a Meet the Press interview on January 22, 2017, in which she defended White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer 's false statement about the attendance numbers at Donald Trump's first inauguration as President of the United States . When pressed during the interview with Chuck Todd to explain why Spicer would "utter a provable falsehood", Conway stated that Spicer was giving "alternative facts". Todd responded, "Look, alternative facts are not facts. They're falsehoods."

Spicer at the press briefing

search term: Navigator Wikipedia Page

A navigator is the person on board a ship or aircraft responsible for its navigation . The navigator's primary responsibility is to be aware of ship or aircraft position at all times. Responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the ship's captain or aircraft commander of estimated timing to destinations while en route, and ensuring hazards are avoided. The navigator is in charge of maintaining the aircraft or ship's nautical charts , nautical publications , and navigational equipment, and they generally have responsibility for meteorological equipment and communications. With the advent of satellite navigation , the effort required to accurately determine one's position has decreased by orders of magnitude, so the entire field has experienced a revolutionary transition since the 1990s with traditional navigation tasks, like performing celestial navigation , being used less frequently. Using multiple independent position fix methods without solely relying on electronic systems subject to failure helps the navigator detect errors. Professional mariners are still proficient in traditional piloting and celestial navigation.

search term: Truth decay Wikipedia Page

Truth Decay may refer to:

search term: totalitarian regimes Wikipedia Page

Within the academic context, the concept of totalitarianism has been applied to several regimes , with much debate and disagreements, most notably about the Soviet Union , Fascist Italy , Nazi Germany , the Empire of Japan under Kokkashugi , and Francoist Spain . Totalitarian regimes are usually distinguished from authoritarian regimes in the sense that totalitarianism represents an extreme version of authoritarianism. Authoritarianism primarily differs from totalitarianism in that social and economic institutions exist that are not under governmental control.

search term: thought police Wikipedia Page

In the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), by George Orwell , the Thought Police ( Thinkpol in Newspeak ) are the secret police of the superstate of Oceania , who discover and punish thoughtcrime (personal and political thoughts unapproved by Ingsoc 's régime). Using criminal psychology and omnipresent surveillance (via informers, telescreens , cameras, and microphones) the Thinkpol monitor the citizens of Oceania and arrest all those who have committed thoughtcrime in challenge to the status quo authority of the Party and of the régime of Big Brother .

search term: propaganda Wikipedia Page

Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented. Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts.

search term: democratic system Wikipedia Page

search term: desires Wikipedia Page

search term: blindness Wikipedia Page

Visual or vision impairment ( VI or VIP ) is the partial or total inability of visual perception . In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. The terms low vision and blindness are often used for levels of impairment which are difficult or impossible to correct and significantly impact daily life. In addition to the various permanent conditions, fleeting temporary vision impairment, amaurosis fugax , may occur, and may indicate serious medical problems.

search term: pastry chef Wikipedia Page

A pastry chef or pâtissier ( pronounced [pɑ.ti.sje] ; feminine pâtissière , pronounced [pɑ.ti.sjɛʁ] ) is a station chef in a professional kitchen , skilled in the making of pastries , desserts , breads and other baked goods. They are employed in large hotels , bistros , restaurants , bakeries , by caterers , and some cafés .

search term: chess game Wikipedia Page

search term: celebrities Wikipedia Page

Celebrity is a condition of fame and broad public recognition of a person or group due to the attention given to them by mass media . The word is also used to refer to famous individuals. A person may attain celebrity status by having great wealth , participation in sports or the entertainment industry , their position as a political figure, or even their connection to another celebrity. 'Celebrity' usually implies a favorable public image, as opposed to the neutrals 'famous' or 'notable', or the negatives 'infamous' and 'notorious'.

search term: Army General Wikipedia Page

Army general or General of the army is the highest ranked general officer in many countries that use the French Revolutionary System . Army general is normally the highest rank used in peacetime.

search term: material wealth Wikipedia Page

search term: conversation Wikipedia Page

Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning . Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.

search term: businessman Wikipedia Page

A businessperson , also referred to as a businessman or businesswoman , is an individual who has founded , owns , or holds shares in (including as an angel investor ) a private-sector company. A businessperson undertakes activities (commercial or industrial) to generate cash flow , sales, and revenue by using a combination of human , financial , intellectual , and physical capital to fuel economic development and growth.

search term: business Wikipedia Page

Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services ). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit."

search term: environmental activists Wikipedia Page

The environmental movement (sometimes referred to as the ecology movement ) is a social movement that aims to protect the natural world from harmful environmental practices in order to create sustainable living . In its recognition of humanity as a participant in (not an enemy of) ecosystems , the movement is centered on ecology , health , as well as human rights .

search term: ideologues Wikipedia Page

An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge , in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic , political , or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels , more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

search term: ginger biscuits Wikipedia Page

A gingersnap , ginger snap , ginger nut , or ginger biscuit is a biscuit flavoured with ginger . Ginger snaps are flavoured with powdered ginger and a variety of other spices, most commonly cinnamon , molasses and clove . There are many recipes. The brittle ginger nut style is a commercial version of the traditional fairings once made for market fairs now represented only by the Cornish fairing .

search term: palm oil Wikipedia Page

Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the reddish mesocarp (pulp) of the fruit of the African oil palm . The oil is used in food manufacturing, in beauty products, and as biofuel . Palm oil accounted for about 36% of global oils produced from oil crops in 2014. Palm oils are easier to stabilize and maintain quality of flavor and consistency in ultra-processed foods , so they are frequently favored by food manufacturers. Globally, humans consumed an average of 7.7 kg (17 lb) of palm oil per person in 2015. Demand has also increased for other uses, such as cosmetics and biofuels, encouraging the growth of palm oil plantations in tropical countries.

search term: rainforest Wikipedia Page

Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy , moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can be generally classified as tropical rainforests or temperate rainforests , but other types have been described.

search term: biscuits Wikipedia Page

search term: markets Wikipedia Page

Market(s) or The Market(s) may also refer to:

search term: landmarks Wikipedia Page

A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation , a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

search term: 380 BCE Wikipedia Page

Year 380 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar . At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Poplicola, Poplicola, Maluginensis, Lanatus, Peticus, Mamercinus, Fidenas, Crassus and Mugillanus (or, less frequently, year 374 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 380 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

search term: kitchen knife Wikipedia Page

A kitchen knife is any knife that is intended to be used in food preparation , as opposed to a table knife used when eating, as part of a set of cutlery . While much of this work can be accomplished with a few general-purpose knives — notably a large chef's knife and a smaller serrated blade utility knife — there are also many specialized knives that are designed for specific tasks such as a tough cleaver , a small paring knife, and a bread knife . Kitchen knives can be made from several different materials, though the most common is a hardened steel blade with a wooden handle.

search term: cinema Wikipedia Page

search term: motel Wikipedia Page

A motel , also known as a motor hotel , motor inn or motor lodge , is a hotel designed for motorists, usually having each room entered directly from the parking area for motor vehicles rather than through a central lobby . Entering dictionaries after World War II , the word motel , coined as a portmanteau of "motor hotel", originates from the defunct lodging compound establishment, The Milestone Mo-Tel in San Luis Obispo, California (later renamed as "Motel Inn"), which was built in 1925. The term referred to a type of hotel consisting of a single building of connected rooms whose doors faced a parking lot and in some circumstances, a common area or a series of small cabins with common parking. Motels are often individually owned, though motel chains do exist.

search term: book cover Wikipedia Page

A book cover is any protective covering used to bind together the pages of a book . Beyond the familiar distinction between hardcovers and paperbacks , there are further alternatives and additions, such as dust jackets , ring-binding, and older forms such as the nineteenth-century "paper-boards" and the traditional types of hand-binding . The term bookcover is also commonly used for a book cover image in library management software. This article is concerned with modern mechanically produced covers.

search term: hindsight Wikipedia Page

Hindsight bias , also known as the knew-it-all-along phenomenon or creeping determinism , is the common tendency for people to perceive past events as having been more predictable than they were.

search term: Republic Wikipedia Page

A republic , based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public thing' or 'people's thing'), is a state in which political power rests with the public ( people ), typically through their representatives —in contrast to a monarchy . Although a republic is most often a single sovereign state , subnational state entities that have governments that are republican in nature may be referred to as republics.

search term: Anaximenes Wikipedia Page

Anaximenes (Ancient Greek: Ἀναξιμένης ) may refer to:

search term: universe Wikipedia Page

The universe is all of space and time and their contents. It comprises all of existence , any fundamental interaction , physical process and physical constant , and therefore all forms of matter and energy , and the structures they form, from sub-atomic particles to entire galactic filaments . Since the early 20th century, the field of cosmology establishes that space and time emerged together at the Big Bang 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years ago and that the universe has been expanding since then. The portion of the universe that can be seen by humans is approximately 93 billion light-years in diameter at present, but the total size of the universe is not known.

search term: ivisible atoms Wikipedia Page

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search term: chemical elements Wikipedia Page

A chemical element is a species of atom defined by its number of protons . The number of protons is called the atomic number of that element. For example, oxygen has an atomic number of 8: each oxygen atom has 8 protons in its nucleus . Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, known as isotopes of the element. Atoms of one element can be transformed into atoms of a different element in nuclear reactions , which change an atom's atomic number. Almost all baryonic matter in the universe is composed of elements (among rare exceptions are neutron stars ).

search term: Genetics Wikipedia Page

Genetics is the study of genes , genetic variation , and heredity in organisms . It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution . Gregor Mendel , a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno , was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.

search term: Complex Systems Science Wikipedia Page

search term: social scientists Wikipedia Page

Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences ) is one of the branches of science , devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among members within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology , the original "science of society", established in the 18th century. It now encompasses a wide array of additional academic disciplines , including anthropology , archaeology , economics , geography , history , linguistics , management , communication studies , psychology , culturology , and political science .

Buyers bargain for good prices while sellers put forth their best front in Chichicastenango Market, Guatemala .

search term: the Institute Wikipedia Page

The Institute may refer to:

search term: anthills Wikipedia Page

An ant colony is a population of ants , typically from a single species, capable of maintaining their complete lifecycle. Ant colonies are eusocial , communal, and efficiently organized and are very much like those found in other social Hymenoptera , though the various groups of these developed sociality independently through convergent evolution . The typical colony consists of one or more egg -laying queens, numerous sterile females (workers, soldiers) and, seasonally, many winged sexual males and females. In order to establish new colonies, ants undertake flights that occur at species-characteristic times of the day. Swarms of the winged sexuals (known as alates ) depart the nest in search of other nests. The males die shortly thereafter, along with most of the females. A small percentage of the females survive to initiate new nests.

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search term: functional map Wikipedia Page

In mathematics , a map or mapping is a function in its general sense. These terms may have originated as from the process of making a geographical map : mapping the Earth surface to a sheet of paper.

search term: Quantum Physicist Wikipedia Page

search term: numbers Wikipedia Page

A number is a mathematical object used to count , measure , and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so forth. Individual numbers can be represented in language with number words or by dedicated symbols called numerals ; for example, "five" is a number word and "5" is the corresponding numeral. As only a limited list of symbols can be memorized, a numeral system is used to represent any number in an organized way. The most common representation is the Hindu–Arabic numeral system , which can display any non-negative integer using a combination of ten symbols, called numerical digits . Numerals can be used for counting (as with cardinal number of a collection or set ), labels (as with telephone numbers), for ordering (as with serial numbers ), and for codes (as with ISBNs ). In common usage, a numeral is not clearly distinguished from the number that it represents.

Set inclusions between the natural numbers (ℕ), the integers (ℤ), the decimal fractions (𝔻), the rational numbers (ℚ), the real numbers (ℝ), and the complex numbers (ℂ)

search term: computer Wikipedia Page

search term: binary code Wikipedia Page

A binary code is the value of a data-encoding convention represented in a binary notation that usually is a sequence of 0s and 1s; sometimes called a bit string . For example, ASCII is an 8-bit text encoding that in addition to the human readable form (letters) can be represented as binary. Binary code can also refer to the mass noun code that is not human readable in nature such as machine code and bytecode .

The ASCII-encoded letters of "Wikipedia" represented as binary codes.

search term: infinity loop Wikipedia Page

In computer programming , an infinite loop (or endless loop ) is a sequence of instructions that, as written, will continue endlessly, unless an external intervention occurs, such as turning off power via a switch or pulling a plug. It may be intentional.

search term: regime Wikipedia Page

In politics , a regime (also spelled régime ) is a system of government that determines access to public office, and the extent of power held by officials. The two broad categories of regimes are democratic and autocratic . A key similarity across all regimes is the presence of rulers of both formal and informal institutions, which interact dynamically to adapt to changes to their environment. The CIA World Factbook also has a complete list of every country in the world with their respective types of regimes.

search term: development Wikipedia Page

Development or developing may refer to:

search term: stiffness Wikipedia Page

Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force .

search term: dormancy Wikipedia Page

Dormancy is a period in an organism 's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped. This minimizes metabolic activity and therefore helps an organism to conserve energy . Dormancy tends to be closely associated with environmental conditions . Organisms can synchronize entry to a dormant phase with their environment through predictive or consequential means. Predictive dormancy occurs when an organism enters a dormant phase before the onset of adverse conditions. For example, photoperiod and decreasing temperature are used by many plants to predict the onset of winter. Consequential dormancy occurs when organisms enter a dormant phase after adverse conditions have arisen. This is commonly found in areas with an unpredictable climate. While very sudden changes in conditions may lead to a high mortality rate among animals relying on consequential dormancy, its use can be advantageous, as organisms remain active longer and are therefore able to make greater use of available resources.

search term: variation Wikipedia Page

Variation or Variations may refer to:

search term: hysteresis Wikipedia Page

Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history. For example, a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field , depending on how the field changed in the past. Such a system is called hysteretic . Plots of a single component of the moment often form a loop or hysteresis curve, where there are different values of one variable depending on the direction of change of another variable. This history dependence is the basis of memory in a hard disk drive and the remanence that retains a record of the Earth's magnetic field magnitude in the past. Hysteresis occurs in ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials, as well as in the deformation of rubber bands and shape-memory alloys and many other natural phenomena. In natural systems, it is often associated with irreversible thermodynamic change such as phase transitions and with internal friction ; and dissipation is a common side effect.

Electric displacement field $D$ of a ferroelectric material as the electric field $E$ is first decreased, then increased. The curves form a *hysteresis loop* .

search term: vulnerabilities Wikipedia Page

Vulnerability refers to "the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally." The understanding of social and environmental vulnerability, as a methodological approach, involves the analysis of the risks and assets of disadvantaged groups , such as the elderly. The approach of vulnerability in itself brings great expectations of social policy and gerontological planning . Types of vulnerability include social, cognitive, environmental, emotional or military.

search term: Nicknames Wikipedia Page

A nickname , in some circumstances also known as a sobriquet , or informally a " moniker ", is an informal substitute for the proper name of a person, place, or thing. It is distinct from a pseudonym , pen name , stage name , or title , although the concepts can overlap. A nickname may be a descriptive and based on characteristics, or it be a variant form of a proper name. Nicknames may be used for convenience by shortening a name, or they may be used to express affection, playfulness, contempt, or to reflect a particular character trait.

"I, Jimmy Carter...": James Earl Carter is sworn in as President of the United States using his nickname "Jimmy" in January 1977.

search term: canteen Wikipedia Page

Canteen most often refers to:

search term: disagreements Wikipedia Page

An argument is a series of sentences , statements , or propositions some of which are called premises and one is the conclusion . The purpose of an argument is to give reasons for one's conclusion via justification, explanation , or persuasion .

search term: social system Wikipedia Page

1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville · Marx · Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto · Tönnies · Veblen · Simmel · Durkheim · Addams · Mead · Weber · Du Bois · Mannheim · Elias

search term: release point Wikipedia Page

UDisc ( / j u d ɪ s k / ) is a disc golf app for scorekeeping, statistics, and discovery for smartphones and tablet computers running the Android or iOS operating system. The app is also compatible with Android's Wear OS and Apple Watch .

search term: diversity Wikipedia Page

Diversity , diversify , or diverse may refer to:

search term: stabilisers Wikipedia Page

Stabilizer , stabiliser , stabilisation or stabilization may refer to:

search term: banking Wikipedia Page

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search term: oligarchs Wikipedia Page

Oligarch may refer to:

search term: cartels Wikipedia Page

A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collaborate with each other and avoid competing with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. They seek to limit competition, fix prices , and increase prices by creating artificial shortages through low production quotas, stockpiling , and marketing quotas. Jurisdictions frequently consider cartelization to be anti-competitive behavior, leading them to outlaw or curtail cartel practices. Anti-trust law targets cartel behavior in markets.

search term: multinationals Wikipedia Page

Multinational may refer to:

search term: Karl Marx Wikipedia Page

Karl Marx ( German: [ˈkaʁl ˈmaʁks] ; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher , political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist . He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels ), and his three-volume Das Kapital (1867–1894), a critique of classical political economy which employs his theory of historical materialism in an analysis of capitalism , in the culmination of his life's work. Marx's ideas and their subsequent development, collectively known as Marxism , have had enormous influence.

search term: dictatorships Wikipedia Page

A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold absolute or near-absolute political power. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by a dictator , and they are facilitated through an inner circle of elites that includes advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle and repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the dictator's inner circle. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or they can be formed by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian , and they can be classified as military dictatorships , one-party dictatorships , and personalist dictatorships .

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search term: dogmatism Wikipedia Page

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search term: financial assets Wikipedia Page

A financial asset is a non-physical asset whose value is derived from a contractual claim, such as bank deposits , bonds , and participations in companies' share capital . Financial assets are usually more liquid than tangible assets , such as commodities or real estate.

search term: materialist dialectics Wikipedia Page

Dialectical materialism is a materialist theory based upon the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that has found widespread applications in a variety of philosophical disciplines ranging from philosophy of history to philosophy of science . As a materialist philosophy, Marxist dialectics emphasizes the importance of real-world conditions and the presence of contradictions within and among social relations, such as social class , labour economics , and socioeconomic interactions. Within Marxism, a contradiction is a relationship in which two forces oppose each other, leading to mutual development.

search term: economic instability Wikipedia Page

Economic stability is the absence of excessive fluctuations in the macroeconomy . An economy with fairly constant output growth and low and stable inflation would be considered economically stable. An economy with frequent large recessions , a pronounced business cycle , very high or variable inflation , or frequent financial crises would be considered economically unstable.

search term: unexploded bomb Wikipedia Page

Unexploded ordnance ( UXO , sometimes abbreviated as UO ) and unexploded bombs ( UXBs ) are explosive weapons ( bombs , shells , grenades , land mines , naval mines , cluster munition , and other munitions ) that did not explode when they were deployed and remain at risk for detonation , sometimes many decades after they were used or discarded. When unwanted munitions are found, they are sometimes destroyed in controlled explosions , but accidental detonation of even very old explosives might also occur, sometimes with fatal consequences.

search term: classical economics Wikipedia Page

Prescriptive and policy

search term: scientific discipline Wikipedia Page

The branches of science , also referred to as sciences , scientific fields or scientific disciplines , are commonly divided into three major groups:

search term: Complex Systems Theory Wikipedia Page

search term: trees Wikipedia Page

In botany , a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem , or trunk , usually supporting branches and leaves . In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth , only plants that are usable as lumber , or only plants above a specified height. Wider definitions include taller palms , tree ferns , bananas , and bamboos .

search term: student Wikipedia Page

A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution , or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

search term: stone structure Wikipedia Page

Stonemasonry or stonecraft is the creation of buildings , structures, and sculpture using stone as the primary material. Stonemasonry is the craft of shaping and arranging stones, often together with mortar and even the ancient lime mortar , to wall or cover formed structures.

search term: illiteracy Wikipedia Page

search term: curriculum Wikipedia Page

In education , a curriculum ( / k ə ˈ r ɪ k j ʊ l ə m / ; pl. : curriculums or curricula / k ə ˈ r ɪ k j ʊ l ə / ) is the totality of student experiences that occur in an educational process. The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of the student's experiences in terms of the educator's or school's instructional goals. A curriculum may incorporate the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives. Curricula are split into several categories: the explicit, the implicit (including the hidden), the excluded, and the extracurricular.

search term: operating Wikipedia Page

Operation or Operations may refer to:

search term: abuses Wikipedia Page

Abuse is the act of improper usage or treatment of a person or thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices, crimes, or other types of aggression . Some sources describe abuse as "socially constructed", which means there may be more or less recognition of the suffering of a victim at different times and societies.

search term: heating Wikipedia Page

search term: suburban area Wikipedia Page

A suburb (more broadly suburban area ) is an area within a metropolitan area . They are often where most of a metropolitan area's jobs are located, although some suburbs are predominantly residential. They can either be denser or less densely populated than a large city, and they can have a higher or lower rate of detached single family homes than the city as well. Suburbs can have their own political or legal jurisdictions, especially in the United States, but this is not always the case, especially in the United Kingdom, where most suburbs are located within the administrative boundaries of cities. In most English-speaking countries , suburban areas are defined in contrast to central city or inner city areas, but in Australian English and South African English , suburb has become largely synonymous with what is called a " neighborhood " in the U.S. Due in part to historical trends such as white flight , some suburbs in the United States have a higher population and higher incomes than their nearby inner cities.

search term: false assumptions Wikipedia Page

A false premise is an incorrect proposition that forms the basis of an argument or syllogism . Since the premise (proposition, or assumption) is not correct, the conclusion drawn may be in error. However, the logical validity of an argument is a function of its internal consistency, not the truth value of its premises.

search term: circuit breakers Wikipedia Page

A circuit breaker is an electrical safety device designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by current in excess of that which the equipment can safely carry ( overcurrent ). Its basic function is to interrupt current flow to protect equipment and to prevent fire . Unlike a fuse , which interrupts once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.

search term: philosopher kings Wikipedia Page

The philosopher king is a hypothetical ruler in whom political skill is combined with philosophical knowledge. The concept of a city-state ruled by philosophers is first explored in Plato 's Republic , written around 375 BC. Plato argued that the ideal state – one which ensured the maximum possible happiness for all its citizens – could only be brought into being by a ruler possessed of absolute knowledge, obtained through philosophical study. From the Middle Ages onwards, Islamic and Jewish authors expanded on the theory, adapting it to suit their own conceptions of the perfect ruler.

search term: monument Wikipedia Page

A monument is a type of structure that was explicitly created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance. Examples of monuments include statues, (war) memorials, historical buildings, archaeological sites, and cultural assets. If there is a public interest in its preservation, a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Cultural Heritage and Conflict gives the next definition of monument:

search term: customs Wikipedia Page

Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods , including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. Traditionally, customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties (i.e. tariffs ) and other taxes on import and export . In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation , security , and trade facilitation .

search term: idealists Wikipedia Page

Idealism in philosophy , also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism , is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind , spirit , or consciousness ; that reality or truth is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered "real". Because there are different types of idealism, it is difficult to define the term uniformly.

search term: KGB Museum Wikipedia Page

KGB Museum may refer to one of the following

search term: torture room Wikipedia Page

Torture Room (also known as Pledge of Allegiance ) is a 2010 American political horror thriller film written and directed by Eric Forsberg . A direct-to-video release, it stars Lena Bookall as Anoush Karagozian, a woman whose suspected ties to Middle Eastern terrorists lead to her being taken captive by U.S. government agents, who subject her to torture in an attempt to brainwash her into becoming an American asset in the war on terror .

search term: prisoner Wikipedia Page

search term: Lithuania Wikipedia Page

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green) – [ Legend ]

search term: torture chamber Wikipedia Page

A torture chamber is a room equipped, and sometimes specially constructed, for the infliction of torture . The medieval torture chamber was windowless and often built underground, dimly lit and specifically designed to induce horror, dread and despair.

search term: dividing line Wikipedia Page

The Dividing Line may refer to:

search term: Quantum Theory Wikipedia Page

Quantum theory may refer to:

search term: Nobel Wikipedia Page

Nobel often refers to:

search term: scientist Wikipedia Page

A scientist is a person who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in science .

search term: Marie Curie Wikipedia Page

Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie ( Polish: [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska kʲiˈri] ; née Skłodowska ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), known as Marie Curie ( / ˈ k j ʊər i / KURE -ee ; French: [maʁi kyʁi] ), was a Polish and naturalised -French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity .

search term: climate activist Wikipedia Page

search term: role model Wikipedia Page

A role model is a person whose behaviour, example, or success serves as a model to be emulated by others, especially by younger people. The term role model is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton , who hypothesized that individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires, an example of which is the way young fans may idolize and imitate professional athletes or entertainment artists.

search term: Text Wikipedia Page

search term: door frame Wikipedia Page

A door frame , window frame , door surround , window surround , or niche surround is the architectural frame around an aperture such as a door or window .

search term: fractions Wikipedia Page

A fraction (from Latin : fractus , "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts. When spoken in everyday English, a fraction describes how many parts of a certain size there are, for example, one-half, eight-fifths, three-quarters. A common , vulgar , or simple fraction (examples: ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ and ⁠ 17 / 3 ⁠ ) consists of an integer numerator , displayed above a line (or before a slash like 1 ⁄ 2 ), and a non-zero integer denominator , displayed below (or after) that line. If these integers are positive, then the numerator represents a number of equal parts, and the denominator indicates how many of those parts make up a unit or a whole. For example, in the fraction ⁠ 3 / 4 ⁠ , the numerator 3 indicates that the fraction represents 3 equal parts, and the denominator 4 indicates that 4 parts make up a whole. The picture to the right illustrates ⁠ 3 / 4 ⁠ of a cake.

search term: symmetries Wikipedia Page

Symmetry (from Ancient Greek συμμετρία ( summetría ) ' agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement ' ) in everyday life refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance. In mathematics , the term has a more precise definition and is usually used to refer to an object that is invariant under some transformations , such as translation , reflection , rotation , or scaling . Although these two meanings of the word can sometimes be told apart, they are intricately related, and hence are discussed together in this article.

search term: cylinders Wikipedia Page

A cylinder (from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος ( kúlindros ) ' roller, tumbler ' ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid , one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes . In elementary geometry , it is considered a prism with a circle as its base.

search term: Pinecones Wikipedia Page

A conifer cone , or in formal botanical usage a strobilus , pl. : strobili , is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants, especially in conifers and cycads . They are usually woody and variously conic, cylindrical, ovoid, to globular, and have scales and bracts arranged around a central axis, but can be fleshy and berry -like. The cone of Pinophyta (conifer clade) contains the reproductive structures. The woody cone is the female cone, which produces seeds . The male cone, which produces pollen , is usually ephemeral and much less conspicuous even at full maturity. The name "cone" derives from Greek konos (pine cone), which also gave name to the geometric cone . The individual plates of a cone are known as scales . In conifers where the cone develops over more than one year (such as pines ), the first year's growth of a seed scale on the cone, showing up as a protuberance at the end of the two-year-old scale, is called an umbo , while the second year's growth is called the apophysis .

search term: bubbles Wikipedia Page

Bubble , Bubbles or The Bubble may refer to:

search term: hexagons Wikipedia Page

In geometry , a hexagon (from Greek ἕξ , hex , meaning "six", and γωνία , gonía , meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon . The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.

search term: Fibonacci Numbers Wikipedia Page

search term: Persians Wikipedia Page

Persians or the Persian people ( Persian : مردم فارس یا پارسی , romanized : Mardom-e Fārs or Pārsī ), are an Iranian ethnic group from West Asia . They are indigenous to the Iranian plateau and comprise the majority of the population of Iran . They have common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language . In the Western world , "Persian" was largely understood as a demonym for all Iranians rather than as an ethnonym for the Persian people, but this understanding shifted in the 20th century .

search term: tape measure Wikipedia Page

A tape measure or measuring tape is a long, flexible ruler used to measure length or distance . It usually consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibreglass, or metal (usually - hard steel alloy) strip with linear measurement markings.

search term: temple Wikipedia Page

A temple (from the Latin templum ) is a place of worship , a building used for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice . By convention, the specially built places of worship for some religions are commonly called "temples" in English, while those of other religions are not, even though they fulfill very similar functions.

search term: Parthenon Wikipedia Page

The Parthenon ( / ˈ p ɑːr θ ə ˌ n ɒ n , - n ən / ; Ancient Greek : Παρθενών , romanized : Parthenōn [par.tʰe.nɔ̌ːn] ; Greek : Παρθενώνας , romanized : Parthenónas [parθeˈnonas] ) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis , Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena . Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of classical Greek art , and the Parthenon is considered an enduring symbol of ancient Greece , Western civilization , and democracy .

search term: Dodecahedron Wikipedia Page

In geometry , a dodecahedron (from Ancient Greek δωδεκάεδρον ( dōdekáedron ) ; from δώδεκα ( dṓdeka ) ' twelve ' and ἕδρα ( hédra ) ' base, seat, face ' ) or duodecahedron is any polyhedron with twelve flat faces. The most familiar dodecahedron is the regular dodecahedron with regular pentagons as faces, which is a Platonic solid . There are also three regular star dodecahedra , which are constructed as stellations of the convex form. All of these have icosahedral symmetry , order 120.

search term: Creative Commons Wikipedia Page

Creative Commons ( CC ) is an American non-profit organization and international network devoted to educational access and expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has released several copyright licenses , known as Creative Commons licenses , free of charge to the public, to allow authors of creative works to communicate which rights they reserve and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators. Content owners still maintain their copyright, but Creative Commons licenses give standard releases that replace the individual negotiations for specific rights between copyright owner (licensor) and licensee , that are necessary under an " all rights reserved " copyright management.

search term: Timaeus Wikipedia Page

Timaeus (or Timaios ) is a Greek name. It may refer to:

search term: regular dodecahedron Wikipedia Page

A regular dodecahedron or pentagonal dodecahedron is a dodecahedron composed of regular pentagonal faces, three meeting at each vertex . It is one of the Platonic solids , described in Plato 's dialogues as the shape of the universe itself. Johannes Kepler used the dodecahedron in his 1596 model of the Solar System . However, the dodecahedron and other Platonic solids had already been described by other philosophers since antiquity.

search term: divine being Wikipedia Page

A deity or god is a supernatural being considered to be sacred and worthy of worship due to having authority over some aspect of the universe and/or life. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines deity as a god or goddess , or anything revered as divine . C. Scott Littleton defines a deity as "a being with powers greater than those of ordinary humans, but who interacts with humans, positively or negatively, in ways that carry humans to new levels of consciousness , beyond the grounded preoccupations of ordinary life".

Pantheists believe that the universe itself and everything in it forms a single, all-encompassing deity.

search term: atheists Wikipedia Page

Atheism , in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities . Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities. Atheism is contrasted with theism , which is the belief that at least one deity exists.

A diagram showing the relationship between the definitions of weak/strong and implicit/explicit atheism (sizes in the diagram are not meant to indicate relative sizes within a population).
Explicit strong/positive atheists (in **purple** on the **right** ) assert that *"at least one deity exists"* is a false statement.
Explicit weak/negative atheists (in **blue** on the **right** ) reject or eschew belief that any deities exist without asserting that *"at least one deity exists"* is a false statement.
Implicit weak/negative atheists (in **blue** on the **left** ) would include people (such as young children and some agnostics) who do not believe in a deity but have not explicitly rejected such belief.

search term: divine order Wikipedia Page

In theology , divine providence , or simply providence , is God 's intervention in the universe . The term Divine Providence (usually capitalized) is also used as a title of God . A distinction is usually made between "general providence", which refers to God's continuous upholding of the existence and natural order of the universe, and "special providence", which refers to God's extraordinary intervention in the life of people. Miracles and even retribution generally fall in the latter category.

search term: random noise Wikipedia Page

In electronics , noise is an unwanted disturbance in an electrical signal .

Random fluctuations of voltage in pink noise

search term: supermarket Wikipedia Page

A supermarket is a self-service shop offering a wide variety of food , beverages and household products , organized into sections under one roof. The supermarket retail format first appeared around 1930 in the United States as the culmination of almost two decades of retail innovations to the grocery store , and began to spread to other countries after extensive worldwide publicity in 1956. In everyday American English usage, "grocery store" is often used interchangeably with "supermarket" , while in other regions a supermarket is larger and has a wider selection, but is smaller and more limited in the range of merchandise than a hypermarket or megastore , which developed decades later.

search term: payment machine Wikipedia Page

A payment terminal , also known as a point of sale (POS) terminal , card machine , credit card machine , card reader , PIN pad , EFTPOS terminal (or by the older term as PDQ terminal which stands for "Process Data Quickly" ), is a device which interfaces with payment cards to make electronic funds transfers . The terminal typically consists of a secure keypad (called a PINpad ) for entering PIN , a screen, a means of capturing information from payments cards and a network connection to access the payment network for authorization.

search term: beehive Wikipedia Page

A beehive is an enclosed structure in which honey bees raise their young and produce honey as part of their seasonal cycle. Although the word beehive is used to describe the nest of any bee colony, scientific and professional literature distinguishes nest from hive . Nest is used to discuss colonies that house themselves in natural or artificial cavities or in structures that are hanging and exposed. The term hive is used to describe a man made structure created to house a honey bee colony. While species of Apis live in colonies, the western ( Apis mellifera ) and eastern honey bees ( Apis cerana ) are the main species kept in artificial beehives.

search term: food Wikipedia Page

Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin and contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates , fats , proteins , vitamins , or minerals . The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or support growth. Different species of animals have different feeding behaviours that satisfy the needs of their metabolisms and have evolved to fill specific ecological niches within specific geographical contexts.

search term: animals Wikipedia Page

Animals are multicellular , eukaryotic organisms comprising the biological kingdom Animalia ( / ˌ æ n ɪ ˈ m eɪ l i ə / ). With few exceptions, animals consume organic material , breathe oxygen , have myocytes and are able to move , can reproduce sexually , and grow from a hollow sphere of cells , the blastula , during embryonic development . Animals form a clade , meaning that they arose from a single common ancestor . Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described , of which around 1.05 million are insects , over 85,000 are molluscs , and around 65,000 are vertebrates . It has been estimated there are as many as 7.77 million animal species on Earth. Animal body lengths range from 8.5 μm (0.00033 in) to 33.6 m (110 ft). They have complex ecologies and interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs . The scientific study of animals is known as zoology , and the study of animal behaviour is known as ethology .

search term: dessert Wikipedia Page

Dessert is a course that concludes a meal; the course consists of sweet foods, such as cake , biscuit, ice cream, and possibly a beverage, such as dessert wine or liqueur . Some cultures sweeten foods that are more commonly savory to create desserts. In some parts of the world, there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal.

search term: biosystems Wikipedia Page

BioSystems is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering experimental, computational, and theoretical research that links biology , evolution , and the information processing sciences. It was established in 1967 as Currents in Modern Biology by Robert G. Grenell and published by North-Holland Publishing Company out of Amsterdam until North-Holland merged with Elsevier in 1970. Grenell wrote of his purpose in founding the journal,

search term: pesticides Wikipedia Page

Pesticides are substances that are used to control pests . They include herbicides , insecticides , nematicides , fungicides , and many others (see table). The most common of these are herbicides, which account for approximately 50% of all pesticide use globally. Most pesticides are used as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from weeds , fungi, or insects .

search term: micro businesses Wikipedia Page

A micro-enterprise (or microenterprise ) is generally defined as a small business employing nine people or fewer, and having a balance sheet or turnover less than a certain amount (e.g. € 2 million or PhP 3 million). The terms microenterprise and microbusiness have the same meaning, though traditionally when referring to a small business financed by microcredit the term microenterprise is often used. Similarly, when referring to a small, usually legal business that is not financed by microcredit, the term microbusiness (or micro-business) is often used. Internationally, most microenterprises are family businesses employing one or two persons. Most microenterprise owners are primarily interested in earning a living to support themselves and their families. They only grow the business when something in their lives changes and they need to generate a larger income.

search term: ancient Greek Wikipedia Page

Ancient Greek ( Ἑλληνική , Hellēnikḗ [hellɛːnikɛ́ː] ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek ( c. 1400–1200 BC ), Dark Ages ( c. 1200–800 BC ), the Archaic or Homeric period ( c. 800–500 BC ), and the Classical period ( c. 500–300 BC ).

search term: Mozart Wikipedia Page

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period . Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age resulted in more than 800 works representing virtually every Western classical genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral repertoires. Mozart is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music , with his music admired for its "melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture".

search term: philosophical literature Wikipedia Page

Philosophy and literature involves the literary treatment of philosophers and philosophical themes (the literature of philosophy), and the philosophical treatment of issues raised by literature (the philosophy of literature).

search term: ultimate reality Wikipedia Page

Ultimate reality is "the supreme, final, and fundamental power in all reality". It refers to the most fundamental fact about reality, especially when it is seen as also being the most valuable fact. This may overlap with the concept of the Absolute in certain philosophies.

search term: French Philosopher Wikipedia Page

French philosophy , here taken to mean philosophy in the French language , has been extremely diverse and has influenced Western philosophy as a whole for centuries, from the medieval scholasticism of Peter Abelard , through the founding of modern philosophy by René Descartes , to 20th century philosophy of science , existentialism , phenomenology , structuralism , and postmodernism .

search term: school timetable Wikipedia Page

A school timetable is a calendar that coordinates students and teachers within the classrooms and time periods of the school day. Other factors include the class subjects and the type of classrooms available (for example, science laboratories).

search term: World War 2 Wikipedia Page

Mediterranean and Middle East

search term: bullies Wikipedia Page

A bully is someone responsible for bullying, using aggression to intimidate or dominate others.

search term: civic society Wikipedia Page

In the United Kingdom , a civic society is a voluntary body or society which aims to represent the needs of a local community. Some also take the role of an amenity society .